scholarly journals Characterization of the Canine Retinal Vasculature With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Comparisons With Histology and Fluorescein Angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ripolles-Garcia ◽  
Gordon Ruthel ◽  
Gui-Shuang Ying ◽  
Yineng Chen ◽  
Nicolas Cuenca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Retinal Vasculature ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: To present a methodology for quantification of the canine retinal vasculature imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and validate this approach by comparison with fluorescein angiography (FA) and confocal imaging of retinal wholemounts labelled by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Methods: Six normal adult dogs underwent retinal OCTA imaging in both eyes. The images extracted from the different microvascular plexuses at eight retinal locations spanning the central and mid-peripheral fundus were analyzed using the AngioTool software. FA was performed in one eye and was compared to the OCTA images. Six eyes from three dogs were processed by IHC to examine the retinal vasculature.Results: A total of four retinal plexuses were identified by OCTA in the canine retina, and their density and topographical pattern varied with eccentricity. OCTA offered improved resolution over FA with the advantage of allowing imaging of the individual plexuses. Detection by OCTA of small vessels within the deep capillary plexus was possible and approached the level of resolution achieved with ex vivo imaging of the retinal vasculature by confocal microscopy/IHC. The plexuses herein described are analogous to human retinal vasculature.Conclusion: OCTA can be used to image and quantify non-invasively the vascular retinal networks of the canine retina. We provide normative data in eight different retinal locations that can be imaged non-invasively with this technology. This could support analysis of retinal vascular changes associated with disease and following therapeutic intervention.

Fundus Fluorescein Angiography, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Serous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Even though the diagnosis depends on clinical examination, in cases with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provide unique data for follow-up, management and prognosis. In FFA, delay of laminar flow phase in the involved branch, hyperfluorescence due to leakage from the vessel wall in the late phases, hypofluorescence due to the blockage by hemorrhage, and soft exudates, and hyperfluorescence due to macular edema can be detected. In OCT, macular thickening, cystic spaces, serous retinal detachment, hyperreflective dots, disorganization of the outer retinal layers – particularly the photoreceptor inner and outer segments line and the external limiting membrane – can be seen. OCTA reveals non-perfusion, particularly in the deep capillary plexus.

scholarly journals Microaneurysms visualisation using five different optical coherence tomography angiography devices compared to fluorescein angiography

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Parrulli ◽  
Federico Corvi ◽  
Mariano Cozzi ◽  
Davide Monteduro ◽  
Federico Zicarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Retinal Microaneurysms ◽  
Scan Pattern ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

BackgroundTo compare fluorescein angiography (FA) and five different optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) devices and to test their reproducibility in the evaluation of retinal microaneurysms (MAs) secondary to diabetic retinopathy (DR).MethodsOn the same day, patients with DR were imaged with FA and five OCTA devices: prototype Spectralis OCTA, prototype PlexElite, RTVue XR Avanti, AngioPlex and DRI OCT Triton. For all OCTA devices, a 3×3 volume scan pattern was performed. MAs were evaluated for the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP).ResultsTwenty eyes of 15 patients with DR were included. FA counted a significantly higher number of MAs compared to OCTA devices. Spectralis OCTA obtained a significantly higher number of MAs compared to PlexElite, RTVue XR Avanti, AngioPlex and DRI OCT Triton (p<0.0001). PlexElite and AngioPlex showed a greater number of MAs in the SCP, Spectralis OCTA, RTVue XR Avanti and DRI OCT Triton in the DCP. Higher sensitivity (43.3%) but lowest specificity (54.4%) was observed for Spectralis OCTA compared to other devices. The higher specificity (78.5%) and positive predictive value (83.3%) were observed for DRI OCT Triton.ConclusionsFA remains the best imaging modality to visualise retinal MAs. Spectralis OCTA was able to detect more MAs compared to other devices, likely due to the higher number of B-scans in the scanned area as well as due to the higher number of repeated B-scans. The high variability between OCTA devices should be taken into account for future clinical trials as in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Assessment of the retinal vasculature in healthy Chinese preschool children aged 4–6 years old using optical coherence tomography angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Xiang ◽  
Yingming Zhou ◽  
Yanwei Chen ◽  
Siyu Jiang ◽  
Chunli Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Retinal Vasculature ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose To establish normal parameters of macular and optic disc vasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in healthy preschool children aged 4–6 years old in China. OCTA reflects retinal metabolism and development in children at these ages and could be used clinically and in future studies to aid diagnosis and prediction of retinal abnormalities and developmental stagnation. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we measured foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal vessel density in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP); the deep capillary plexus (DCP), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and the radial capillary peripapillary (RPC) in the optic disc using investigational spectral-domain OCTA. The magnification effect of the FAZ area and microvasculature measurements was corrected by Littman and the modified Bennett formula. Results A total of 242 eyes (116 males and 126 females, 5.31 ± 0.73 years) were recruited for the analysis. The mean macular vessel density was 48.10 ± 2.92% and 48.74 ± 6.51% in the SCP and the DCP, respectively. The RPC vessel density was 47.17 ± 2.52%, 47.99 ± 4.48%, and 48.41 ± 3.07% in the whole image, inside disc, and peripapillary, respectively; and the mean FAZ area was 0.28 ± 0.11 mm2. A significant difference between male and female participants was found in the retinal vasculature (DCP, SCP, and RPC). None of these parameters were significantly different in age (P > 0.05), except that DCP slightly increased with aging. The right and left eyes had good consistency in the parameters of the macula and optic disc. Conclusions Our study establishes the macular and optic disc OCTA reference values in 4- to 6-year-old healthy preschool children. They may be used in longitudinal OCTA studies and clinical applications.

scholarly journals Retinal Microvasculature Changes in Patients With Coronary Total Occlusion on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingting Zhong ◽  
Yijun Hu ◽  
Lei Jiang ◽  
Qingsheng Peng ◽  
Manqing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Retinal Vasculature ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Microvascular Damage ◽  
Total Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Retinal microvasculature has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but the exact contributory role in coronary total occlusion (CTO) is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether retinal vasculature is associated with CTO and could provide incremental value in the assessment of CTO.Methods: A total of 218 CAD patients including 102 CTO and 116 non-CTO were enrolled. Retinal vasculature was measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for all patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the performance of retinal vasculature in differentiating CTO from non-CTO patients.Results: In non-CTO CAD patients, vessel density (VD) of mean superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and parafovea SCP were 49.85 and 52.56%, respectively; in CTO patients, VD of mean SCP and parafovea SCP were 47.77, and 49.58%, respectively. After multiple adjustment, VD in the SCP was significantly lower in CTO patients compared to non-CTO patients. VD of superior hemi in the parafovea SCP combined with the clinical variates showed the best ability to predict CTO from CAD with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.812 (specificity of 89.0% and sensitivity of 65.9%).Conclusions: In CTO patients, retinal VD was significantly decreased, and microvascular damage might specifically target to arterioles than capillaries. Retinal vasculature could thus be a surrogate for detecting the microvascular damage and assist in the assessment of CTO patients. OCTA examination could be suggested to monitor the process of coronary arteries lesions.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for the Evaluation of Retinal Vasculature in Fabry Disease: Our Experience and Review of Current Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Bacherini ◽  
Giulio Vicini ◽  
Cristina Nicolosi ◽  
Ilaria Tanini ◽  
Chiara Lenzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Retinal Vasculature ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Objective Tool

Purpose: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive and objective tool for the evaluation of the retinal microvascular changes in Fabry disease (FD). We investigated changes in retinal vasculature in FD patients, and the possible correlation with systemic parameters, by using OCTA, and reviewed the current status of literature.Methods: Thirteen FD patients (eight females, five males, mean age 49.85 ± 14.7 years) were compared with 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. OCTA 3 × 3 mm macular scans were performed in all subjects. We evaluated the vessel density and vessel perfusion in distinct macular areas (whole, inner, and outer) of both the superficial capillary plexus (SCP VD and SCP VP) and of the deep capillary plexus (DCP VD and DCP VP). We also evaluated the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics (area, perimeter, and circularity), and correlation between systemic and OCTA parameters. A literature review on the current understanding of OCTA in FD is then presented.Results: FD patients showed significantly lower SCP VD values in the whole area (17.37 ± 2.08 mm−1 vs. 18.54 ± 1.21 mm−1; p-value 0.022), as well as in the outer area (17.46 ± 2.10 mm−1 vs. 19.08 ± 1.14 mm−1; p-value 0.002), but not in the inner. Even the DCP VD was significantly lower in all the imaged areas: whole (17.75 ± 3.93 mm−1 vs. 19.71 ± 1.20 mm−1; p-value 0.024), outer (18.25 ± 4.17 mm−1 vs. 20.33 ± 1.20 mm−1; p-value 0.023), and inner (19.54 ± 4.17 mm−1 vs. 21.96 ± 1.55 mm−1; p-value 0.011). There were no significant differences in vessel perfusion parameters (both SCP VP and DCP VP ones) and FAZ. No significant correlations were found between the OCTA parameters and systemic parameters (maximal left ventricular wall thickness and glomerular filtration rate) in FD patients.Conclusions: OCTA can be considered as a promising non-invasive tool, which enables a quantitative evaluation of retinal vascular involvement in FD, despite the varying data reported in literature. Our results support the use of OCTA as an objective tool to evaluate retinal vascular abnormalities in FD. The utility of OCTA in FD needs to be validated by longitudinal studies taking into account the overall progression of the disease.

scholarly journals Evaluating Retinal and Choroidal Perfusion Changes after Isometric and Dynamic Activity Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Max Philipp Brinkmann ◽  
Nikolas Xavier Kibele ◽  
Michelle Prasuhn ◽  
Vinodh Kakkassery ◽  
Mario Damiano Toro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Choroidal Perfusion

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive tool for imaging and quantifying the retinal and choroidal perfusion state in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of isometric and dynamic exercise on retinal and choroidal sublayer perfusion using OCTA. A pilot study was conducted on young, healthy participants, each of whom performed a specific isometric exercise on the first day and a dynamic exercise the day after. At baseline and immediately after the exercise, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), superficial capillary plexus perfusion (SCPP), deep capillary plexus perfusion (DCPP), choriocapillaris perfusion (CCP), Sattlers’s layer perfusion (SLP), and Haller’s layer perfusion (HLP) were recorded. A total of 34 eyes of 34 subjects with a mean age of 32.35 ± 7.87 years were included. HR as well as MAP increased significantly after both types of exercise. Both SCPP and DCPP did not show any significant alteration due to isometric or dynamic exercise. After performing dynamic exercise, CCP, SLP, as well as HLP significantly increased. Changes in MAP correlated significantly with changes in HLP after the dynamic activity. OCTA-based analysis in healthy adults following physical activity demonstrated a constant retinal perfusion, supporting the theory of autoregulatory mechanisms. Dynamic exercise, as opposed to isometric activity, significantly changed choroidal perfusion. OCTA imaging may represent a novel and sensitive tool to expand the diagnostic spectrum in the field of sports medicine.

scholarly journals The role of quantitative deep capillary plexus in the pathogenesis of type 3 macular neovascularization: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Concilio ◽  
Federica Fossataro ◽  
Daniela Montorio ◽  
Mariapaola Giordano ◽  
Gilda Cennamo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Purpose To quantitatively investigate the role of deep capillary plexus (DCP) in patients affected by type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV), compared to patients with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) eyes and healthy controls, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods In this prospective observational study, a total of seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients were included. Group 1 consisted of 40 eyes of 40 patients with stage 1 of type 3 MNV (22 males, 18 females, mean age 73.7, SD ± 6.60) and group 2 included 38 eyes of 38 patients with RPD (17 males, 21 females, mean age 73.2, SD ± 4.55). The control group included 40 eyes of 40 healthy subjects (20 males, 20 females, mean age 71.4, SD ± 6.36 years). We evaluated the retinal vessel density (VD) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) using OCTA. Results Patients with diagnosis of type 3 MNV showed statistically lower values of VD in DCP with respect to controls and to RPD group (p < 0.001), while there were no statistical differences between RPD and control group in macular region. No significant differences in VD of SCP were detected among the three study groups. Conclusion OCTA provides a reproducible, non-invasive detailed quantitative analysis of retinal vascular features and changing in early-stage type 3 MNV patients, which allowed to shed the light on the main role of DCP ischemia in the development of type 3 MNV.

Retinal microcirculation abnormalities in patients with systemic sclerosis: an explorative optical coherence tomography angiography study

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Carnevali ◽  
Giuseppe Giannaccare ◽  
Valentina Gatti ◽  
Caterina Battaglia ◽  
Giorgio Randazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Digital Ulcers ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Retinal Microcirculation ◽  
Vascular Plexuses

Abstract Objectives To investigate subclinical and clinical abnormalities in retinal and choroidal vascular plexuses in patients with SSc by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods A total of 20 consecutive SSc patients were recruited and compared with 20 healthy subjects. Quantitative analysis of vessel density (VD), choriocapillaris plexus flow index (CCP-FI) and choroidal vascularity index were performed on OCT-A images in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and CCP for all patients. Images were further reviewed by two independent readers for the assessment of qualitative abnormalities, including tortuosity, rarefaction areas, megacapillaries and macular-foveal capillaries. Results The DCP-VD in the whole scan and in the perifoveal, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal regions was significantly lower in the SSc group. The CCP-FI was significantly higher in SSc patients. When comparing SSc patients with and without digital ulcers, significantly decreased SCP-VD was demonstrated in the whole, perifoveal, superior, inferior, temporal and nasal regions. No difference in any of the OCT-A parameters was observed when comparing patients with and without interstitial lung disease. Qualitative analysis of OCT-A revealed at least one abnormality in 95% of patients. Conclusion We showed the ability of OCT-A to disclose early ocular vascular abnormalities in patients with SSc. Our results may represent a hypothesis-generating basis for exploring the potential role of OCT-A in diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis stratification in SSc.

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