The Vestibular Implant Input Interacts with Residual Natural Function

Based on the study, many years of information and analytical materials «Kyrgyzhydromet» and «Kazhydromet», as well as the Department of State Statistics of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Kazakhstan, characterizing the formation of water resources and their use in the economic sectors of the catchment area of the Shu River basin, were considered as a model of the "activity-natural system", which performs runoff, environment-forming, ecological and social functions and is the spatial basis of nature management for a comprehensive assessment of the state of the territory and water bodies. As a basis for assessing the main functions of the catchment area of the Shu River basin, a geosystem approach was used, which determines the scientific and practical feasibility of geomorphological schematization, within the framework of which it becomes possible to construct their ecological profile on a spatio-temporal scale, which makes it possible to establish trends in the development of cognitive and transformative activities that determine the direction and intensity of anthropogenic activity. in the region. The main natural function of the river basin of the formation of a hydrogeochemical flow, which has one object for its discharge, determines the qualitative state of the ecological profile of the catchment area of the Shu River basin, that is, depending on the zonation from the mountainous class of landscapes to the lowland class of landscapes (superaquial and subaquial facies), natural hydrological facies are gradually disrupted. rhythms, affects the hydrogeological and soil-reclamation processes and environmental conditions, especially in the lower reaches of river basins, which are zones of storage of return (collector-drainage and waste) waters of industrial and agricultural facilities.

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Examples: Topologies on Natural Function Spaces

Modern Analysis of Automorphic Forms By Example ◽

10.1017/9781108571814.006 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 187-247

Keyword(s):

Function Spaces ◽

Natural Function

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The Natural Function and the Exponential Scale

The Nature of Mathematics and the Mathematics of Nature ◽

10.1016/b978-044482994-8/50002-9 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 39-71

Author(s):

Michael Jacob ◽

Sten Andersson

Keyword(s):

Natural Function

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Intrusion Prevention System Inspired Immune Systems

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v2.i1.pp168-179 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yousef Farhaoui

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Intrusion Detection ◽

Computer Security ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Safety Level ◽

Correct Operation ◽

Intrusion Prevention ◽

Immune Systems ◽

Natural Function ◽

Intrusion Prevention System

<p>In view of new communication and information technologies that appeared with the emergence of networks and Internet, the computer security became a major challenge, and works in this research axis are increasingly numerous. Various tools and mechanisms are developed in order to guarantee a safety level up to the requirements of modern life. Among them, intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) intended to locate activities or abnormal behaviors suspect to be detrimental to the correct operation of the system. The purpose of this work is the design and the realization of an IDPS inspired from natural immune systems. The study of biological systems to get inspired from them for the resolution of computer science problems is an axis of the artificial intelligence field which gave rise to robust and effective methods by their natural function, the immune systems aroused the interest of researchers in the intrusion detection field, taking into account the similarities of NIS (Natural Immune System) and IDPS objectives. Within the framework of this work, we conceived an IDPS inspired from natural immune system and implemented by using a directed approach. A platform was developed and tests were carried out in order to assess our system performances.</p>

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Nonhuman primate vestibuloocular reflex responses to prosthetic vestibular stimulation are robust to pulse timing errors caused by temporal discretization

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00887.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (6) ◽

pp. 2256-2266

Author(s):

Peter J. Boutros ◽

Nicolas S. Valentin ◽

Kristin N. Hageman ◽

Chenkai Dai ◽

Dale Roberts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cochlear Implant ◽

Frequency Modulation ◽

Pulse Frequency ◽

Pulse Frequency Modulation ◽

Head Velocity ◽

Timing Errors ◽

Reflex Responses ◽

Vestibular Implant ◽

Temporal Discretization ◽

Pulse Timing

Electrical stimulation of vestibular afferent neurons to partially restore semicircular canal sensation of head rotation and the stabilizing reflexes that sensation supports has potential to effectively treat individuals disabled by bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Ideally, a vestibular implant system using this approach would be integrated with a cochlear implant, which would provide clinicians with a means to simultaneously treat loss of both vestibular and auditory sensation. Despite obvious similarities, merging these technologies poses several challenges, including stimulus pulse timing errors that arise when a system must implement a pulse frequency modulation-encoding scheme (as is used in vestibular implants to mimic normal vestibular nerve encoding of head movement) within fixed-rate continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) strategies used in cochlear implants. Pulse timing errors caused by temporal discretization inherent to CIS create stair step discontinuities of the vestibular implant’s smooth mapping of head velocity to stimulus pulse frequency. In this study, we assayed electrically evoked vestibuloocular reflex responses in two rhesus macaques using both a smooth pulse frequency modulation map and a discretized map corrupted by temporal errors typical of those arising in a combined cochlear-vestibular implant. Responses were measured using three-dimensional scleral coil oculography for prosthetic electrical stimuli representing sinusoidal head velocity waveforms that varied over 50–400°/s and 0.1–5 Hz. Pulse timing errors produced negligible effects on responses across all canals in both animals, indicating that temporal discretization inherent to implementing a pulse frequency modulation-coding scheme within a cochlear implant’s CIS fixed pulse timing framework need not sacrifice performance of the combined system’s vestibular implant portion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Merging a vestibular implant system with existing cochlear implant technology can provide clinicians with a means to restore both vestibular and auditory sensation. Pulse timing errors inherent to integration of pulse frequency modulation vestibular stimulation with fixed-rate, continuous interleaved sampling cochlear implant stimulation would discretize the smooth head velocity encoding of a combined device. In this study, we show these pulse timing errors produce negligible effects on electrically evoked vestibulo-ocular reflex responses in two rhesus macaques.

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Natural Function and Structural Modification of Climacostol, a Ciliate Secondary Metabolite

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8060809 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 809

Author(s):

Federico Buonanno ◽

Elisabetta Catalani ◽

Davide Cervia ◽

Cristina Cimarelli ◽

Enrico Marcantoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Defense ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Structural Modification ◽

Anticancer Agent ◽

Physiological Function ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Ciliated Protozoan ◽

Natural Function ◽

Wide Range

The review highlights the main results of two decades of research on climacostol (5-[(2Z)-non-2-en-1-yl]benzene-1,3-diol), the resorcinolic lipid produced and used by the ciliated protozoan Climacostomum virens for chemical defense against a wide range of predators, and to assist its carnivorous feeding. After the first studies on the physiological function of climacostol, the compound and some analogues were chemically synthesized, thus allowing us to explore both its effect on different prokaryotic and eukaryotic biological systems, and the role of its relevant structural traits. In particular, the results obtained in the last 10 years indicate climacostol is an effective antimicrobial and anticancer agent, bringing new clues to the attempt to design and synthesize additional novel analogues that can increase or optimize its pharmacological properties.

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Restoring the High-Frequency Dynamic Visual Acuity with a Vestibular Implant Prototype in Humans

Audiology and Neurotology ◽

10.1159/000503677 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (Suppl. 1-2) ◽

pp. 91-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dmitrii Starkov ◽

Nils Guinand ◽

Florence Lucieer ◽

Maurizio Ranieri ◽

Samuel Cavuscens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

High Frequency ◽

Horizontal Plane ◽

Head Impulse Test ◽

Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽

Bilateral Vestibulopathy ◽

Vestibular Implant ◽

Functional Benefit ◽

Head Impulses ◽

Near Future

Introduction: The vestibular implant could become a clinically useful device in the near future. This study investigated the feasibility of restoring the high-frequency dynamic visual acuity (DVA) with a vestibular implant, using the functional Head Impulse Test (fHIT). Methods: A 72-year-old female, with bilateral vestibulopathy and fitted with a modified cochlear implant incorporating three vestibular electrodes (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria), was available for this study. Electrical stimulation was delivered with the electrode close to the lateral ampullary nerve in the left ear. The high-frequency DVA in the horizontal plane was tested with the fHIT. After training, the patient underwent six trials of fHIT, each with a different setting of the vestibular implant: (1) System OFF before stimulation; (2) System ON, baseline stimulation; (3) System ON, reversed stimulation; (4) System ON, positive stimulation; (5) System OFF, without delay after stimulation offset; and (6) System OFF, 25 min delay after stimulation offset. The percentage of correct fHIT scores for right and left head impulses were compared between trials. Results: Vestibular implant stimulation improved the high-frequency DVA compared to no stimulation. This improvement was significant for “System ON, baseline stimulation” (p = 0.02) and “System ON, positive stimulation” (p < 0.001). fHIT scores changed from 19 to 44% (no stimulation) to maximum 75–94% (System ON, positive stimulation). Conclusion: The vestibular implant seems capable of improving the high-frequency DVA. This functional benefit of the vestibular implant illustrates again the feasibility of this device for clinical use in the near future.

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