scholarly journals The Role of the Cerebellum in Social and Non-Social Action Sequences: A Preliminary LF-rTMS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elien Heleven ◽  
Kim van Dun ◽  
Sara De Witte ◽  
Chris Baeken ◽  
Frank Van Overwalle
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sequence Generation ◽  
Social Scripts ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Sequencing Task

An increasing number of studies demonstrated the involvement of the cerebellum in (social) sequence processing. The current preliminary study is the first to investigate the causal involvement of the cerebellum in sequence generation, using low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS). By targeting the posterior cerebellum, we hypothesized that the induced neuro-excitability modulation would lead to altered performance on a Picture and Story sequencing task, which involve the generation of the correct chronological order of various social and non-social stories depicted in cartoons or sentences. Our results indicate that participants receiving LF-rTMS over the cerebellum, as compared to sham participants, showed a stronger learning effect from pre to post stimulation for both tasks and for all types of sequences (i.e. mechanical, social scripts, false belief, true belief). No differences between sequence types were observed. Our results suggest a positive effect of LF-rTMS on sequence generation. We conclude that the cerebellum is causally involved in the generation of sequences of social and nonsocial events. Our discussion focuses on recommendations for future studies.

The role of reinstating generation operations in recognition memory and reality monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nieznański
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Word Fragment ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Modelling Approach

Abstract The role of encoding/retrieval conditions compatibility was investigated in a reality-monitoring task. An experiment was conducted which showed a positive effect of reinstating distinctive encoding operations at test. That is, generation of a low-frequency (LF) word from the same word fragment at study and test significantly enhanced item recognition memory. However, reinstating of relatively more automatic operations of reading or generating a highfrequency (HF) word did not influence recognition performance. Moreover, LF words were better recognized than HF words, but memory for source did not depend on the encoding/retrieval match or on the word-frequency. In comparison with reading, generating an item at study significantly enhanced source memory but generating it at test had no effect. The data were analysed using a multinomial modelling approach which allowed ruling out the influence of a response bias on the measurement of memory ability.

scholarly journals The role of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: A call to increase the evidence base

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1296-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Miron ◽  
Jack Sheen ◽  
Farrokh Mansouri ◽  
Daniel M. Blumberger ◽  
Zafiris J. Daskalakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Evidence Base

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

Suva Residents’ Views on Cancer, Diabetes and HIV in The Fiji Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Gounder
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Medical Responsibility ◽  
Grassroots Support ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Situated Approach ◽  
Significant Health

The burden of preventable diseases is increasing in the South Pacific Island Countries and Territories. In Fiji, significant media attention and national finances are spent on public dissemination of the modifiable risk factors of chronic illnesses. However, little is known about lay societal perceptions of chronic illnesses and of people living with these illnesses. This preliminary study takes an area-situated approach to lay knowledge and examines Suva residents’ moral evaluations associated with socially significant health concerns in Fiji. Using the case studies of HIV, cancer, and diabetes, the research employs content analysis to examine 144 Suva residents’ Letters to the Editor, published between 2000 and 2019 in The Fiji Times. The findings indicate that letter writers on chronic illnesses are power sensitive, interested in governmental responsibility, and aware of the role of stigma in creating inequitable health outcomes. The study’s findings locate chronic illness as not only a medical responsibility but also a social justice and human rights concern that requires a multisectoral approach, with community-tailored responses at the heart of all discussions. The lay-societal recognition of the three illnesses as being socially relevant suggests grassroots support for policies directed towards structural reforms for the prevention and management of these illnesses.

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