scholarly journals Facilitating Word Retrieval in Aphasia: Which Type of Cues for Which Aphasic Speakers?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Python ◽  
Pauline Pellet Cheneval ◽  
Caroline Bonnans ◽  
Marina Laganaro
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Semantic Cues ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Phonological Errors ◽  
Omission Errors

Background: Even if both phonological and semantic cues can facilitate word retrieval in aphasia, it remains unclear if their respective effectiveness varies according to the underlying anomic profile.Aim: The aim of the present facilitation study is to compare the effect of phonological and semantic cues on picture naming accuracy and speed in different types of anomia.Methods: In the present within-subject design study, 15 aphasic persons following brain damage underwent picture naming paradigms with semantic cues (categorically- or associatively related) and phonological cues (initial phoneme presented auditorily, visually or both).Results: At the group level, semantic cueing was as effective as phonological cueing to significantly speed up picture naming. However, while phonological cues were effective regardless of the anomic profile, semantic cueing effects varied depending on the type of anomia. Participants with mixed anomia showed facilitation after both semantic categorical and associative cues, but individuals with lexical-phonological anomia only after categorical cues. Crucially, semantic cues were ineffective for participants with lexical-semantic anomia. These disparities were confirmed by categorical semantic facilitation decreasing when semantic/omission errors prevailed in the anomic profile, but increasing alongside phonological errors.Conclusion: The effectiveness of phonological vs semantic cues seems related to the underlying anomic profile: phonological cues benefit any type of anomia, but semantic cues only lexical-phonological or mixed anomia.

scholarly journals No negative impact of word retraining on vocabulary use or clarity of communication in Semantic Dementia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Savage ◽  
Leonie F. Lampe ◽  
Lyndsey Nickels
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Target Item ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Omission Errors

Word retraining techniques can improve picture naming of treated items in people with semantic dementia (SD). The utility of this, however, has been questioned given the propensity for under- and overgeneralisation errors in naming in SD. Few studies have investigated the occurrence of such errors. This study examined whether, following tailored word retraining: 1) misuse of words increases, 2) the type of naming errors changes, and/or 3) clarity of communication is reduced. Performance on trained and untrained word naming from nine participants with SD who completed a word retraining program were analysed. Responses from baseline and post-intervention assessments were coded for misuse (i.e., trained word produced for another target item), error type, and communication clarity. All participants showed significant improvement for trained vocabulary. There was no significant increase in misuse of words, with such errors occurring rarely. At a group level, there was an increased tendency toward omission errors for untrained items, and a reduction in semantically related responses. However, this did not impact on clarity scores with no consistent change across participants. In sum, we found no negative impacts following tailored word retraining, providing further evidence of the benefit of these programs for individuals with SD.

scholarly journals Links Between Short-Term Memory and Word Retrieval in Aphasia

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1S) ◽  
pp. 379-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Minkina ◽  
Nadine Martin ◽  
Kristie A. Spencer ◽  
Diane L. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Word Pair ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Retrieval Errors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Repetition Task

Purpose This study explored the relationship between anomia and verbal short-term memory (STM) in the context of an interactive activation language processing model. Method Twenty-four individuals with aphasia and reduced STM spans (i.e., impaired immediate serial recall of words) completed a picture-naming task and a word pair repetition task (a measure of verbal STM). Correlations between verbal STM and word retrieval errors made on the picture-naming task were examined. Results A significant positive correlation between naming accuracy and verbal span length was found. More intricate verbal STM analyses examined the relationship between picture-naming error types (i.e., semantic vs. phonological) and 2 measures of verbal STM: (a) location of errors on the word pair repetition task and (b) imageability and frequency effects on the word pair repetition task. Results indicated that, as phonological word retrieval errors (relative to semantic) increase, bias toward correct repetition of high-imageability words increases. Conclusions Results suggest that word retrieval and verbal STM tasks likely rely on a partially shared temporary linguistic activation process.

Effects of structural similarity and name frequency on picture naming in Alzheimer's disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON L. THOMPSON-SCHILL ◽  
JOHN D. E. GABRIELI ◽  
DEBRA A. FLEISCHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Naming Latency ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Confrontation Naming

Impairments to either perceptual or word-retrieval processes have been hypothesized to explain confrontation naming impairments in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study measured the effects of structural similarity, which affects perceptual processing, and name frequency, which affects word retrieval, on naming latency and accuracy in 16 AD patients and 16 age-matched controls. AD patients named pictures more slowly and made more errors than control participants. Their naming accuracy was disproportionately affected by name frequency, but not by structural similarity. The findings indicate that the processing of structural properties of objects is unaffected in early-stage AD, and suggest that word-retrieval impairments underlie the naming deficit in AD. (JINS, 1999, 5, 659–667.)

Constraints and Repairs in Aphasic Speech: A Group Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée Béland ◽  
Carole Paradis ◽  
Monique Bois
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Word Stimulus ◽  
Multiple Tasks

Aphasia refers to an impairment of language processing resulting from brain damage. A very common symptom observed in aphasic speech is the presence of phonemic paraphasias, i.e., phonemic errors involving the substitution, addition or syncope of one (or more) segment(s) in a word stimulus. Phonemic paraphasias can be found across multiple tasks (repetition, reading aloud, spontaneous speech, picture naming) that require a subject to produce a word sound. They are not specific to a particular type of aphasia since Broca’s aphasics, Wernicke’s aphasics, conduction aphasics, and mixed aphasics all produce phonemic paraphasias (see Lecours et al 1983).

When Octatonic and Hexatonic Collide

2020 ◽  
pp. 270-320
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Tonal Space ◽  
Perception Of Time

Following the rise of Deleuze in chapter 6, the chapter passes through famous remarks by Deleuze concerning cybernetics and acceleration, focusing on the futuristic projects of Alexander Skryabin, who wanted to speed up time through his music and, in particular, through his harmony. While other works set the hexatonic and the octatonic in a diatonic flux, the first as an energy-discharging mechanism, the second as a storage capacity, Skryabin’s Sonata No. 10, Op. 70, recently explored by Vasilis Kallis (2015), is unique in juxtaposing hexatonic composition with the octatonically rotating model as clearly segregated areas. The chapter asks: To what extent can the flow between these cycles carry our tonal desire? To what extent does our diatonic engagement fluctuate between distinct sections? How do these different types of tonal “space” impact on our perception of “time”? How can drive analysis meaningfully integrate with Funktionstheorie?

scholarly journals A New Resources Provisioning Method Based on QoS Differentiation and VM Resizing in IaaS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongdong Hu ◽  
Guangming Liu ◽  
Jingfei Jiang ◽  
Lixin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
Qos Differentiation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Google Cluster Trace ◽  
Real Time Application ◽  
Host Resource

In order to improve the host energy efficiency in IaaS, we proposed an adaptive host resource provisioning method, CoST, which is based on QoS differentiation and VM resizing. The control model can adaptively adjust control parameters according to real time application performance, in order to cope with changes in load. CoST takes advantage of the fact that different types of applications have different sensitivity degrees to performance and cost. It places two different types of VMs on the same host and dynamically adjusts their sizes based on the load forecasting and QoS feedback. It not only guarantees the performance defined in SLA, but also keeps the host running in energy-efficient state. Real Google cluster trace and host power data are used to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results show that CoST can provide performance-sensitive application with a steady QoS and simultaneously speed up the overall processing of performance-tolerant application by 20~66%. The host energy efficiency is significantly improved by 7~23%.

Group-level traits emerge

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Smaldino
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nongenetic Inheritance

AbstractMost commentators supported the thesis of the target article, though there were also those who were less fully persuaded. I will begin with a response to the most critical commentaries. First, I will justify an evolutionary perspective that includes group organization and nongenetic inheritance. Next, I will discuss the concept of emergence. Following that, I will transition to an exploration of ideas and concerns brought up by some of the more supportive commentators. This will include a discussion of different types of groups; the psychology of group-level traits; the uses and limitations of an institutional perspective; the link between transmission, adaptation, and selection; current and future methodologies; and the variety of fields that may benefit from a group-level traits perspective.

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