scholarly journals Evidence for Cognitive Decline in Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Rui Gao ◽  
Changteng Zhang ◽  
Hai Chen ◽  
Ruiqun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Operation Span ◽  
Performance Validity Testing

Background: People with chronic pain (CP) sometimes report impaired cognitive function, including a deficit of attention, memory, executive planning, and information processing. However, the association between CP and cognitive decline was still not clear. Our study aimed to assess the association of CP as a risk factor with cognitive decline among adults.Methods: We included data from clinical studies. Publications were identified using a systematic search strategy from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to October 10, 2020. We used the mean cognitive outcome data and the standard deviations from each group. The standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed for each cognitive decline outcome. I2-values were assessed to quantify the heterogeneities.Results: We included 37 studies with a total of 52,373 patients with CP and 80,434 healthy control participants. Because these studies used different evaluative methods, we analyzed these studies. The results showed CP was associated with cognitive decline when the short-form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) mental component summary (SMD = −1.50, 95% CI = −2.19 to −0.81), the Montreal cognitive assessment (SMD = −1.11, 95% CI = −1.60 to −0.61), performance validity testing (SMD = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.74 to 4.37), or operation span (SMD = −1.83, 95% CI = −2.98 to −0.68) were used. However, we got opposite results when the studies using International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems classification (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 0.97 to 2.56), the Mini-Mental State Examination (SMD = −0.42, 95% CI = −0.94 to 0.10; OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.42), and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status memory component (SMD = −0.06, 95% CI = −0.37 to 0.25).Conclusion: There may be an association between CP and the incidence of cognitive decline when some cognitive, evaluative methods were used, such as short-form 36 health survey questionnaire, Montreal cognitive assessment, performance validity testing, and operation span.

“Must try harder.” Is effort and performance validity testing a necessary part of pediatric neuropsychological assessment?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
James Tonks ◽  
Charlotte Katie Whitfield ◽  
W. Huw Williams ◽  
Alan M. Slater ◽  
Ian J. Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Validity Testing

scholarly journals Effects of Distraction on Performance Validity: A Pilot Study with Veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437
Author(s):  
Robert D Shura ◽  
Katherine H Taber ◽  
Patrick Armistead-Jehle ◽  
John H Denning ◽  
Jared A Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Cognitive Distraction ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Symptom Validity Test ◽  
Performance Validity Testing ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract Objective The purpose of this experimental pilot study was to evaluate whether distraction can affect results of performance validity testing. Method Thirty-three veterans who have served in the US military since 09/11/2001 (Mage = 38.60, SD = 10.85 years) completed the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), Trail Making Test, and Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT). Subjects were randomly assigned to complete the MSVT in one of three experimental conditions: standard administration, while performing serial 2 s (Cognitive Distraction), and while submerging a hand in ice water (Physical Distraction). Results All participants included in primary analyses passed the TOMM (n = 30). Physical distraction did not affect performance on the MSVT. Cognitive distraction negatively affected MSVT performance. Conclusions Cognitive distraction can substantially affect MSVT performance in a subgroup of individuals. Physical distraction did not significantly affect MSVT performance.

scholarly journals B-67 The Effect of Bilingualism on Executive Functioning Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1015
Author(s):  
R Cervantes ◽  
W Lopez Hernandez ◽  
J Knight ◽  
P Litvin ◽  
A Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Performance Validity Testing ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors often exhibit problems with executive function (EF). Language use can also impact EF test performances. We examined the effects of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on several EF tests. Method The sample (N = 94) consisted of 37 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 30 acute TBI participants (10 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. Stroop Color-Word (SCW), Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Letter Fluency (DKEFS-LF), Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) and a EF global composite (EF-GC) were used to assess EF. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on EF performances. Results Main effects were found between groups (control and TBI groups) on SCW, p = .046, ηp² = .07, TMT-B, p = .042, ηp² = .07, and EF-GC, p = .005, ηp² = .13; the 6-month TBI group performed worse than controls on TMT-B and EF-GC. Main effects were found for bilingualism/ monolingualism on SCW, p = .012, ηp² = .07, and TMT-B, p = .034, ηp² = .05; monolingual participants performed better than bilingual participants. No significant interactions between TBI and language were found. Conclusion The TBI group underperformed on SCW, TMT-B, and EF-GC compared to controls; relative to monolinguals, bilinguals underperformed on the SCW and TMT-B only. In conclusion, our findings seem to suggest that monolinguals have better cognitive flexibility compared to bilinguals that result in better EF performances.

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