scholarly journals Managing Severe Dysgeusia and Dysosmia in Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sofia Spencer ◽  
David da Silva Dias ◽  
Manuel Luís Capelas ◽  
Francisco Pimentel ◽  
Teresa Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
English Language ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Taste And Smell

IntroductionLung cancer (LC) is highly prevalent worldwide, with elevated mortality. In this population, taste and smell alterations (TSAs) are frequent but overlooked symptoms. The absence of effective therapeutic strategies and evidence-based guidelines constrain TSAs’ early recognition, prevention and treatment (Tx), promoting cancer-related malnutrition and jeopardizing survival outcomes and quality of life.ObjectivesTo systematically review the literature on TSAs in LC patients, understand the physiopathology, identify potential preventive and Tx strategies and to further encourage research in this area.MethodsLiterature search on English language articles indexed to PubMed, CINALH, SCOPUS and Web of Science using MeSH terms “Lung neoplasms”,”Dysgeusia”, “Olfaction Disorders”, “Carcinoma, Small Cell”,”Carcinoma, Non- Small-Cell Lung “Adenocarcinoma of Lung”,”Carcinoma, Large Cell”, and non-MeSH terms “Parageusia”, “Altered Taste”, “Smell Disorder”, “Paraosmia”, “Dysosmia”,”Lung Cancer” and “Oat Cell Carcinoma”.ResultsThirty-four articles were reviewed. TSAs may follow the diagnosis of LC or develop during cancer Tx. The estimated prevalence of self-reported dysgeusia is 35-38% in treatment-naïve LC patients, and 35-69% in those undergoing Tx, based on studies involving LC patients only.One prospective pilot trial and 1 RCT demonstrated a clinically significant benefit in combining flavor enhancement, smell and taste training and individualized nutritional counselling; a systematic review, 1 RCT and 1 retrospective study favored using intravenous or oral zinc-based solutions (150mg 2-3 times a day) for the prevention and Tx of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) -induced mucositis and subsequent dysgeusia.ConclusionsThis is the first review on dysgeusia and dysosmia in LC patients to our knowledge. We propose combining taste and smell training, personalized dietary counselling and flavor enhancement with oral zinc-based solutions (150mg, 2-3 times a day) during CT and/or RT in this population, in order to prevent and help ameliorate Tx-induced dysgeusia and mucositis. However due to study heterogeneity, the results should be interpreted with caution. Developing standardized TSA measurement tools and performing prospective randomized controlled trials to evaluate their effect are warranted.

The Incidence and Outcome of Venous Thrombo-Embolism (VTE) In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Adenocarcinoma Histology In Comparison with Squamous Histology

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4221-4221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwini Bhat ◽  
Rakesh Surapaneni ◽  
Alexandre Hageboutros ◽  
Barry Milcarek ◽  
Krystal Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

Abstract Abstract 4221 Background: There have been only limited studies on the incidence and outcome of venous thrombosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients by histology. Patients with adenocarcinoma are believed to have the highest risk of developing venous thrombosis. Objectives: 1. To study the incidence and outcome of thrombosis in patients with non- small cell lung cancer. 2. To determine the differences in the venous thrombotic risk between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes. Patients/Methods: we conducted a retrospective chart review analysis of all the non-small cell lung cancer patients diagnosed in 2008 and 2009 at our institution. Patient and tumor characteristics as well as all venous thrombotic events (VTE) in the course of the disease were recorded. Incidence rates of VTE were calculated as both cumulative incidence and as person-time events (events per 1000 patient years of follow-up). We counted person-years of follow-up for each subject from the date of initial lung cancer diagnosis until the date of a thrombotic event, the date of death, or the end of the study period (30 June 2010), whichever occurred first. Analysis of the difference between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma histological subgroups was done using Cox proportional Hazards model. For survival and outcome analysis of patients who develop VTE after diagnosis of lung cancer, we again used a Cox proportional Hazards model with the thrombotic event as a time -dependent variable. Results: Among133 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, 86 had adenocarcinoma, 42 had squamous cell histology and 5 were large cell carcinomas (the latter were excluded from the analysis). The mean age of the patients was 66.2 years and their median survival was 377 days (1.04 years).We observed 25 events of VTE over 82.89 years of follow-up for an overall incidence of VTE of 301.6 per 1000 person-years. Among 86 patients with adenocarcinoma histology, we found 21 VTEs (24.4%) Among 42 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 4 VTE s occurred (9.5 %). The incidence of VTE for patients with adenocarcinoma was 422 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 282 – 568) and for patients with squamous cell carcinoma 125.97 per 1000 person-years (95 % CI: 36 – 298) resulting in a trend towards higher VTE incidence in patients with adenocarcinoma as compared to patients with squamous cell carcinoma. When the rate ratio between the adenocarcinoma (21/49.7) and squamous cell cancer (4/31.8) are compared, the rate ratio is 3.359 (1.207 – 9.352). The risk of developing a VTE was 2 fold increased for patients with adenocarcinoma vs. squamous cell carcinoma (crude hazard ratio 2.375 [95%CI: 0.664–8.491]) There was a trend towards lower survival time in patients who develop a VTE during the course of their disease compared to patients who did not develop a VTE. (HR 0.992, 95% CI:.449 – 2.193). 5 of the 21 patients in the adenocarcinoma group who had VTE had a second VTE despite anticoagulation. Discussion: Only few studies have described the absolute risk as incidence rates of VTE in lung cancer patients. One study in 2004 reported the incidence of VTE is 20-fold increased in lung cancer patients compared to general population; with 3-fold increase in patients with adenocarcinoma histology. Our study confirms the trend towards increased risk of VTE in adenocarcinoma histology, along with a worse outcome. Also, of interest, is the unusually high incidence of VTE noted in our study cohort compared to the reference studies (20.9% vs. 7.2%). This finding might be due to the enhanced awareness and high clinical suspicion leading to increased testing for VTE in the cancer patients. Based on these findings, prophylactic anticoagulation in these patients may be warranted to prevent development of venous thrombosis. This needs to be studied in a prospective clinical trial in the future. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Single-agent pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelix®) in chemotherapy pretreated non-small cell lung cancer patients: a pilot trial

Lung Cancer ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmauro Numico ◽  
Federico Castiglione ◽  
Cristina Granetto ◽  
Ornella Garrone ◽  
Gabriella Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Liposomal Doxorubicin ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

Combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1478-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Osoba ◽  
J J Rusthoven ◽  
K A Turnbull ◽  
W K Evans ◽  
F A Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Large Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Fifty-three patients with recurrent and advanced stage (III and IV) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with a combination of bleomycin, etoposide (VP-16-213), and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (BEP). Forty-eight patients were appraisable for response. The response rates were 44% for the entire group, 57% in 30 patients with combined squamous-cell and large-cell carcinoma, and 22% in 18 patients with adenocarcinoma (40%, 50%, and 19%, respectively, if patients not appraisable for response are included as nonresponders). The median survival time of patients with squamous-cell and large-cell carcinoma was slightly longer than that of patients with adenocarcinoma (23 weeks v 19 weeks). Patients with responsive disease survived significantly longer (median, 34 weeks) than did patients with unresponsive disease (median, 16 weeks) (P = .001). In the entire group, the median survival time of patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 was better (23 weeks) than of those with a status of 2 or 3 (15 weeks), but this difference was not seen in the subgroup with squamous-cell and large-cell carcinoma (24 weeks v 23 weeks, respectively). Thus, the performance status was not of prognostic value in the histologic subgroups experiencing the best response rate. There were two treatment-related deaths, but otherwise the toxicity of BEP was acceptable. Only four of the 119 treatment cycles were followed by fever even though there was significant neutropenia (0.5 X 10(9)/L) after 20 of 97 treatment cycles. The majority of patients receiving BEP experienced relief of cough, hemoptysis, pain, and fatigue associated with their disease. There was a good correlation between objective responses and palliation of symptoms. Thus, BEP offers good palliation, particularly for patients with squamous-cell and large-cell lung cancer.

Lung Cancer - Part I

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Crawford ◽  
John Strickler
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Large Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung

In the United States, lung cancer is the second most common cancer, surpassed only by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. But lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, accounting for 29% and 26% of all cancer-related deaths in men and women, respectively. The four major pathologic cell types of lung cancer are small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Because they have overlapping clinical behaviors and responses to treatment, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are generally grouped together in the category of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This review discusses both NSCLC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), including lung cancer in those who have never smoked, prevention of lung cancer, with sections on diagnosis, biomarkers, treatment, and supportive care.  This review contains 7 figures, 10 tables, and 74 references. Keywords: lung cancer, mediastinoscopy, chemoradiotherapy, TNM staging system, pulmonary parenchyma, segmentectomy

Lung Cancer - Part I

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Crawford ◽  
John Strickler
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Large Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung

In the United States, lung cancer is the second most common cancer, surpassed only by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. But lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, accounting for 29% and 26% of all cancer-related deaths in men and women, respectively. The four major pathologic cell types of lung cancer are small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Because they have overlapping clinical behaviors and responses to treatment, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are generally grouped together in the category of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This review discusses both NSCLC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), including lung cancer in those who have never smoked, prevention of lung cancer, with sections on diagnosis, biomarkers, treatment, and supportive care.  This review contains 7 figures, 10 tables, and 74 references. Keywords: lung cancer, mediastinoscopy, chemoradiotherapy, TNM staging system, pulmonary parenchyma, segmentectomy

Lung Cancer Part II

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Large Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung

In the United States, lung cancer is the second most common cancer, surpassed only by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. But lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, accounting for 29% and 26% of all cancer-related deaths in men and women, respectively. The four major pathologic cell types of lung cancer are small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Because they have overlapping clinical behaviors and responses to treatment, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are generally grouped together in the category of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This review discusses treatment of both NSCLC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This review 2 figures, 19 tables, and 90 references. Keywords: lung cancer, mediastinoscopy, chemoradiotherapy, TNM staging system, pulmonary parenchyma, segmentectomy

scholarly journals Procalcitonin Level in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients among Indonesian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2123-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noni Novisari Soeroso ◽  
Muhammad Faiz Tanjung ◽  
Dina Afiani ◽  
Andika Pradana ◽  
Setia Putra Tarigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
P Value ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Procalcitonin Level ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

BACKGROUND: Serum Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker that is frequently used to diagnose an infection. In some cases of thoracic malignancy, procalcitonin level appears to increase. However, the role of procalcitonin to diagnose malignancy is not certain yet, and the causes have not been known. AIM: This study aimed to investigate procalcitonin levels in non-small cell lung cancer patients. METHODS: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. All lung cancer patients did not diagnose based on cytology/histopathology results with no evidence nor were signs and symptoms of infection recruited through consecutive sampling. The subtypes of lung cancer include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, staged III and IV. The procalcitonin levels were analysed from blood using immunofluorescent assay. Data were then analysed with the Chi-Square test by Epi Info™ 7 programs in which p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 68 lung cancer patients fulfilled the criteria of this study, 55 men (80.9%) and 13 women (19.1%). The highest percentage of cytology/histopathology type found was adenocarcinoma (80.9%), and 60.3% of those were diagnosed in stage IV. An increased procalcitonin level (greater than 0.01 ng/mL) occurred in 80.9% of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. It appears that the higher the stage of lung cancer, the lower procalcitonin levels would be, although it was not statistically significant. There was no association between lung cancer subtype with procalcitonin levels. CONCLUSION: An increased level of procalcitonin may be an indication not only for infection but also for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

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