large cell carcinoma
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2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Xiaoying Cui ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Guojie Xia ◽  
Minyan Xing ◽  
...  

PurposeLarge cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and classic large cell carcinoma (LCC) are two distinct entities with different histological and biological characteristics. However, the mutational profiles and the clinical behavior of the two subtypes of lung cancer remain to be explored.Patients and MethodsPathological diagnoses of all screened patients were finally confirmed by three or four experienced pathologists. Patients with uncertain pathological diagnoses were excluded. Finally, we genetically profiled ten patients with LCNEC and seven with LCC. ALL patients were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) test, which included nine patients sequenced with a 139-gene panel and eight patients with a 425-gene panel. Including only intersected mutations from these two panels, survival analysis was further conducted.ResultsBoth LCNEC and LCC showed high prevalence in male patients, with no clear association with smoking history. Potential targetable mutations in KRAS and RET were detected in the study cohort. However, LCNEC and LCC showed distinct mutational profiles with an enrichment of RB1/TP53 co-mutations in a subset of LCNEC patients. SMARCA4 and KEAP1 mutations were exclusively found in LCC patients, and RICTOR, BRAF, ROS1 and TET2 mutations were only detected in LCNEC. LCC patients in the cohort had shorter survival compared to LCNEC patients (p=0.006). Survival analysis revealed an association between SMARCA4 mutations and poor outcome in the study cohort and in the LCC subset. Mutations in BRAF were associated with a trend of increased survival in the study cohort, as well as in the LCNEC subset. Finally, TET2 mutations were associated with poor outcome in the LCNEC cohort.ConclusionLCC and LCNEC were both heterogeneous diseases with limited treatment options. Our study identified potential targetable mutations and prognostic biomarkers that might provide more therapeutic options and improve individualized patient care.


2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. s11-s12
Author(s):  
Eddyn Ruben Macias ◽  
Diana Margarita Iñahuazo ◽  
Diana Elizabeth Peñaloza ◽  
María de Lourdes Garcés

Introduction Pulmonary cavitations are defined as a space filled with air, within a pulmonary area of consolidation, a mass or a nodule, they are produced by the expulsion or drainage of the necrotic part of the lesion through the bronchial tree. The most frequent causes are infectious by mycobacteria as in tuberculosis, or bacteria as in necrotizing pneumonia, pulmonary abscesses, although on rare occasions, it can also present in pulmonary embolism with infarction. Neoplasms should always be suspected, being squamous cell carcinoma the one that has been related to a greater extent to pulmonary cavitary lesion, and to a lesser extent to adenocarcinoma. Other less frequent causes are granulomatosis with polyangiitis, lymphomas, pneumoconiosis, silicosis. Case description Patient with respiratory symptoms of one year of evolution, characterized by cough with sporadic yellowish expectoration plus chest pain, in 03/2020 is accompanied by hemoptysis and progressive dyspnea, without weight loss or fever, private physician indicates antibiotic with partial improvement; On 08/2020 she presented hemoptysis, she went to the doctor again and requested a tomographic study in which she showed evidence of pulmonary cavitation associated with consolidation, a new antibiotic scheme was administered, without improvement, and she went to this clinic on 11/2020. New tomographic study showed cavitation with thick walls, preserved renal and hepatic function, infectious profile and negative immunological tests. Bronchoscopy with BAL cytology positive for malignancy, simple and contrasted body tomography and PET SCAN were indicated, showing hypermetabolic mass in the right lower lobe, with no evidence of distant metastasis or affected lymph nodes. Pulmonary function is assessed for surgical resolution, being adequate, right lower lobectomy is performed, showing free surgical edges, with negative regional nodes for malignancy, with pathology reporting lung adenocarcinoma, pathological staging T3N0, and according to the imaging study M0, determining stage IIB. He required chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion Lung cancer symptomatology can be silent and mainly non-specific, in the study by Bradley et al. addressing lung cancer risk by symptomatology and by chest radiography, they conclude that chest radiography has limited sensitivity and that only hemoptysis has a statistically significant predictive value for malignancy. In relation to cavitated lesions as a presentation in lung cancer, they are evidenced in 5 to 15% of all patients. Within primary neoplasms the frequency with which we can observe cavitation of the lesion is related to the histological subtype, it is more frequent in squamous carcinomas (9-38%), rarer in adenocarcinomas (6-15%) and large cell carcinoma, and practically rules out small cell carcinoma. As conclusions, multidisciplinary management allows adequate orientation in both the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm of patients, which will improve patient survival.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Gabasa ◽  
Evette S. Radisky ◽  
Rafael Ikemori ◽  
Giulia Bertolini ◽  
Marselina Arshakyan ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marta Gabasa ◽  
Evette S. Radisky ◽  
Rafael Ikemori ◽  
Giulia Bertolini ◽  
Marselina Arshakyan ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yusuke kito ◽  
Keisuke Kawashima ◽  
Chiemi Saigo ◽  
Masayoshi Hasegawa ◽  
Shusuke Nomura ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member (SMARCA4)-deficient thoracic sarcoma (SMARCA4-DTS) is a rare disease that has recently been described as an entity. It is characterized by an aggressive clinical course and specific genetic alterations. As an immunohistological feature, the tumors are deficient in SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 and express the sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2). In contrast, Carney’s triad is a syndrome that combines three rare soft tissue tumors: gastric leiomyosarcoma, pulmonary chondroma, and extra-adrenal paraganglioma, of which at least two are required for diagnosis. Both diseases are valuable case, and there have been no previous reports of their coexistence.Case presentation: A 43-year-old man visited our hospital because of respiratory distress. Computed tomography revealed a large mass measuring 55 mm in the upper lobe of his right lung and front mediastinum, with metastases in the surrounding lymph nodes. Needle biopsy was performed for diagnosis, and histological examination of the samples revealed monotonous epithelioid-like cells with loose binding and sheet-form proliferation. The tumor cells had distinct nuclei, with rhabdoid-kile cells in some locations. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells were positive for SOX2, CD34, and p53 and negative for SMARCA4 and SMARCA2. The patient died 6 months after admission without any treatment. Autopsy revealed ganglioneuroma and enchondroma, suggesting an incomplete Carney complex.Conclusion: SMARCA4-DTS is a rare and recently established disease. While it is difficult to siagnose, it is necessary to distinguish undifferentiated carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, etc. when diagnosing tumors involving the mediastinum, In addition, case with both an incomplete Carney complex and SMARCA4-DTS are very rare. We discuss and report about SMARCA4-DTS by examining the expression of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A and solute carrier family 7 member 11.


Author(s):  
Jyoti Rajpoot ◽  
Shweta Sushmita ◽  
Charanjeet Ahluwalia ◽  
Sufian Zaheer ◽  
Rashmi Arora ◽  
...  

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers accounting for 13% of all new cancer cases and 19% of cancer related deaths all over world. In India it constitutes 6.9% of all new cancer cases and 9.3% of all cancer related deaths in both sexes. The new 2015 WHO Classification recommends to apply immunohistochemistry, when possible, for small biopsies/cytology, and also for resected specimens.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational study with 113 cases between January 2017 to January 2019 received in the department of pathology. Morphological and immunohistochemical examination was done in each case.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Based on morphology and immunohistochemistry cases were classified as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adeno-squamous carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma in accordance with 2015 WHO classification.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Classification and staging of lung cancer at the time of diagnosis is the most important predictor of survival in the era of specific targeted therapy. Immunohistochemistry is proved to be an invaluable tool for definite categorization of lung cancer cases.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Okabe ◽  
Hayato Mine ◽  
Hironori Takagi ◽  
Masayuki Watanabe ◽  
Satoshi Muto ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Hou ◽  
Nannan Wu ◽  
Lili Yao

Abstract Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively transcribed in genome and emerging as a new player in tumorigenesis due to their functions in transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation. As the most frequent malignancy and the foremost source of cancer mortality, lung cancer is a heterogeneous disorder. The most common type of lung cancer is Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), occupying 85% of the total cases, and the main subtypes of NSCLC include lung adenocarcinoma (LAD), large cell carcinoma (LCC), and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Recently, numerous lncRNAs have been reported to be strongly linked to NSCLC. In the present study, we found that a new lncRNA CBR3-AS1 is highly expressed in lung cancer. In addition, we also examined the expression of lncRNA CBR3-AS1 in 60 of LADs, 40 of LCCs and 40 of LSCCs patient samples, finding that CBR3-AS1 was specificity highly expressed in LAD cancer tissues. Mechanically, we discovered that CBR3-AS1 could regulate the proliferation, migration and invasion of LAD cells through targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Methods Real-time PCR, RNA-pulldown, RIP, western blotting, lentivirus transfection, luciferase reporter assays, cell proliferation assays, colony formation assays, wound healing scratch assays and transwell assays were employed to examine the relationship between lncRNA CBR3-AS1 and its regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in LAD cells. Results LncRNA CBR3-AS1 is highly-expressed in LAD and cell lines. LncRNA CBR3-AS1 shows physical association with β-catenin. CBR3-AS1 could facilitate Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation thought promoting nuclear localization of β-catenin. CBR3-AS1 promotes LAD cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusion It can be found that a new functional lncRNA CBR3-AS1 could promote nuclear localization of β-catenin so as to facilitate Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation and regulate the proliferation, migration and invasion of LAD cells.


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