scholarly journals Burned-Out Testicular Tumors in Adolescents: Clinical Aspects and Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Persano ◽  
Alessandro Crocoli ◽  
Maria Debora De Pasquale ◽  
Raffaele Cozza ◽  
Rita Alaggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Visceral Metastases ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Purpose: Testicular germ cell tumors are the fourth most common neoplasm in adolescents, accounting for 8% of all tumors in the age group 15–19 years. On rare instances, the primary testicular lesion is not clinically or radiologically evident while nodal or visceral metastases represent the clinical manifestations of the disease. This phenomenon is described as “burned-out testicular tumor.” In this paper, the authors report a single-institution experience with burned-out testicular tumors in adolescents and discuss their clinical implications.Patients and Methods: All the patients diagnosed with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors at Bambino Gesù Children Hospital between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2020, were included in the study. Patients were categorized into two groups: “primary testicular” and “burned out.” All the patients were staged and treated according to the AIEOP–TCGM 2004 protocol.Results: Eleven patients were classified as “primary testicular,” and five patients were classified as “burned out.” “Burned-out” tumors were associated with the presence of systemic symptoms compared to “primary testicular” tumors (80 vs. 0%; p = 0.0027) and higher aFP, hCG, and LDH levels (p < 0.00001). The “burned-out” population had a statistically significant higher incidence of relevant toxicity than the “primary testicular” population (80 vs. 18%; p = 0.0357) and a worse outcome in terms of both mean overall survival (15 vs. 43 months; p = 0.0299) and mean event-free survival (12 vs. 38 months; p = 0.0164).Conclusion: “Burned-out” testicular tumors seem to be a well-distinct clinical entity with a high treatment-related toxicity and poor prognosis. Further studies are needed to clarify the “burned-out phenomenon” and to identify more effective therapeutic strategies for these patients.

scholarly journals Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Serological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ivan Damjanov
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers

<p>This review deals with serologic and immunohistochemical tumor markers used in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors. Time tested serologic markers such as alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase are routinely used in the work-up of patients with testicular tumors. Professional organizations regulating the practice of medicine in most countries worldwide require that the laboratory values for these serologic reactants be included in the pathology reports on testicular tumors as part of the tumor staging process. Immunohistochemical markers of testicular germ have been identified and widely tested during the first two decades of the XXI century. We have selected the most useful immunohistochemical markers from a few of these markers and discussed them in this review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. Published data show that testicular tumor markers are widely used in routine practice. The study of tumor markers has improved the pathologic and clinical diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors and has thus contributed to their treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Simultaneous intracranial and testicular germ cell tumors: illustrative case

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Han ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Luxiong Fang ◽  
Songtao Qi ◽  
Ye Song
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Mature Teratoma ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
First Case

BACKGROUNDSimultaneous intracranial and testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are extremely rare, leading to a lack of adequate experience in their treatment. Therefore, the authors report a case of this kind of GCT.OBSERVATIONSA 5-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with headache and vomiting. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging suggested the possibility of a GCT in the pineal region. The value of the serum tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 5,396.1 μg/L, and β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels were within the normal range. Subsequently, the tumor was removed, and the final pathological result was a mixed GCT. Therefore, chemotherapy and radiation were added. However, the authors found a testicular tumor on ultrasound at the same time, and pathology after surgery suggested a mature cystic teratoma. Following treatment, the patient recovered well, and AFP levels dropped to normal values.LESSONSTo the authors’ knowledge, this report is the fourth case of simultaneous intracranial and testicular GCTs and the first case of a simultaneous mixed GCT in the pineal region and mature teratoma of the testis. A combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for mixed GCTs in the pineal region and surgical excision for testicular reproductive cell tumors are effective in these patients, but long-term monitoring is required.

Discontinuous Involvement of Spermatic Cord Soft Tissue in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Multi-Institution Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S155-S156
Author(s):  
A Ali ◽  
J So ◽  
F Khani ◽  
M Kvetoslava ◽  
H Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell

Abstract Introduction/Objective In the 8th Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, discontinuous involvement of spermatic cord soft tissue (DISC) by testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) is regarded as metastatic deposit (pM1), placing the patient in clinical prognostic stage group (CPSG) III. We conducted a multi-institution study to corroborate or refute the current recommendations. Methods: Thirty-eight cases of GCT with spermatic cord involvement were collected from 13 institutions in Europe, Phillipines and America. Clinical and pathologic data was obtained. Results Tumors included 28 (73%) non-seminomatous and 10 (26%) seminomatous GCTs. Mean testicular tumor size was 6.6 cm (range 1.3-18). After review by an uropathologist, cases were classified as cord LVI [T2] (n=3), continuous cord involvement (CCI) [T3] (n=13), and DISC (n=22). Mean cord tumor size for DISC was 0.9 cm (range 0.1-4.5). CPSG was available for 33 and follow-up (FU) for22 patients with a mean length of FU of 38 months (range 2-144). Seven (39%) DISC patients were CPSG II (regional LN metastases), and 11 (61%) CPSG III (distant metastases). On FU, 5 (45%) DISC patients had no evidence of disease (NED); 6 (55%) were alive with disease (AWD). Three (25%) CCI patients were CPSG I (local disease), 6 (50%) CPSG II, and 3 (25%) CPSG III. On FU, 6 (60%) CCI patients were NED, 4 (40%) AWD. Cord LVI patients were one in each CPSG. One cord LVI patient was NED, the others were lost at FU. All DISC (100%) patients with available CPSG had advanced disease (CPSG II or III), compared to 75% of CCI, and 67% of cord LVI patients. Conclusion Although it did not reach statistical significance (p=0.054; Fisher’s exact test), DISC patients were more likely to have CPSG II and III compared to CCI patients. Our findings suggest a worse behavior in patients with DISC, supporting a higher pathologic stage than CCI.

scholarly journals miRNAs and Biomarkers in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
Marco De Martino ◽  
Paolo Chieffi ◽  
Francesco Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
First Choice

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the leading form of solid cancer and death affecting males between the ages of 20 and 40. Today, their surgical resection and chemotherapy are the treatments of first choice, even if sometimes this is not enough to save the lives of patients with TGCT. As seen for several tumors, the deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is also a key feature in TGCTs. miRNAs are small molecules of RNA with biological activity that are released into biological fluids by testicular cancer cells. Their presence, therefore, can be detected and monitored by considering miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers for TGCTs. The purpose of this review is to collect all the studies executed on miRNAs that have a potential role as biomarkers for testicular tumors.

Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme 1 and Relapse in Patients with Nonseminomatous Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Clinical Stage I

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn Edler von Eyben ◽  
Ebbe Lindegaard Madsen ◽  
Ole Blaabjerg ◽  
Per Hyltoft Petersen ◽  
Hans von der Maase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme

Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors - clinical Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 967-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Kalavska ◽  
Vincenza Conteduca ◽  
Ugo De Giorgi ◽  
Michal Mego
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cisplatin Resistance ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Repair Capacity

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common malignancy in men aged 15-35. Due to these tumors’ biological and clinical characteristics, they can serve as an appropriate system for studying molecular mechanisms associated with cisplatin-based treatment resistance. This review describes treatment resistance from clinical and molecular viewpoints. Cisplatin resistance is determined by various biological mechanisms, including the modulation of the DNA repair capacity of cancer cells, alterations to apoptotic cell death pathways, deregulation of gene expression pathways, epigenetic alterations and insufficient DNA binding. Moreover, this review describes TGCTs as a model system that enables the study of the cellular features of cancer stem cells in metastatic process and describes experimental models that can be used to study treatment resistance in TGCTs. All of the abovementioned aspects may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance and may help to identify promising new therapeutic targets.

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