scholarly journals Demographic and Clinical Features of Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants Born to Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juncao Chen ◽  
Huimin Xiao ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Yaping Tang ◽  
Xiaoqi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
First Year ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
First Year Of Life

We studied the demographic and clinical characteristic, risk factors, outcomes of full-term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in China. A retrospective case-control study that included 1981 SGA infants was conducted; the demographic and clinical data between SGA infants born to mothers with and without GDM were compared. Of 383 SGA infants born to mothers with GDM, 221 (57.7%) were female, and the incidence of these infants was 1 in 155 live births. The risk of SGA siblings (RR, 1.88; 95% CI, [1.23–2.86]), low 1- and 5-min Apgar scores (RR,2.04 and 4.21; 95%CI [1.05–4.00] and [1.05–16.89], respectively), early thrombocytopenia (RR, 3.39; 95%CI, [1.33–8.64]), hypoglycemia(RR, 2.49; 95%CI, [1.55–3.98]), and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (RR,5.61; 95%CI, [1.25–25.18]) were increased in SGA infants born to mothers with GDM compared to SGA infants born to mothers without GDM. SGA girls born to mothers with GDM had a significantly higher ratio of catch-up growth (CUG) (RR, 1.73; 95%CI, [1.18–2.54]) in the first year of life. These results show that genetic factors may be one of the etiologies of SGA infants born to mothers with GDM; and these infants have more adverse perinatal outcomes compared to SGA infants born to mothers without GDM. SGA girls born to mothers with GDM had accelerated CUG in the first year of life.

scholarly journals Uric Acid and Xanthine Levels in Pregnancy Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—The Effect on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pleskacova ◽  
Vendula Bartakova ◽  
Katarina Chalasova ◽  
Lukas Pacal ◽  
Katerina Kankova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Uric acid (UA) levels are associated with many diseases including those related to lifestyle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of clinical and anthropometric parameters on UA and xanthine (X) levels during pregnancy and postpartum in women with physiological pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to evaluate their impact on adverse perinatal outcomes. A total of 143 participants were included. Analyte levels were determined by HPLC with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in UA transporters were genotyped using commercial assays. UA levels were higher within GDM women with pre-gestational obesity, those in high-risk groups, and those who required insulin during pregnancy. X levels were higher in the GDM group during pregnancy and also postpartum. Positive correlations between UA and X levels with body mass index (BMI) and glycemia levels were found. Gestational age at delivery was negatively correlated with UA and X levels postpartum. Postpartum X levels were significantly higher in women who underwent caesarean sections. Our data support a possible link between increased UA levels and a high-risk GDM subtype. UA levels were higher among women whose glucose tolerance was severely disturbed. Mid-gestational UA and X levels were not linked to adverse perinatal outcomes.

scholarly journals A High Adherence to Six Food Targets of the Mediterranean Diet in the Late First Trimester is Associated with a Reduction in the Risk of Materno-Foetal Outcomes: The St. Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Assaf-Balut ◽  
Nuria García de la Torre ◽  
Manuel Fuentes ◽  
Alejandra Durán ◽  
Elena Bordiú ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Tract Infections

A prenatal diet affects materno-foetal outcomes. This is a post hoc analysis of the St. Carlos gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) Prevention Study. It aims to evaluate the effect of a late first-trimester (>12 gestational weeks) degree of adherence to a MedDiet pattern—based on six food targets—on a composite of materno-foetal outcomes (CMFCs). The CMFCs were defined as having emergency C-section, perineal trauma, pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, prematurity, large-for-gestational-age, and/or small-for-gestational-age. A total of 874 women were stratified into three groups according to late first-trimester compliance with six food targets: >12 servings/week of vegetables, >12 servings/week of fruits, <2 servings/week of juice, >3 servings/week of nuts, >6 days/week consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), and ≥40 mL/day of EVOO. High adherence was defined as complying with 5–6 targets; moderate adherence 2–4 targets; low adherence 0–1 targets. There was a linear association between high, moderate, and low adherence, and a lower risk of GDM, CMFCs, urinary tract infections (UTI), prematurity, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns (all p < 0.05). The odds ratios (95% CI) for GDM and CMFCs in women with a high adherence were 0.35((0.18–0.67), p = 0.002) and 0.23((0.11–0.48), p < 0.001), respectively. Late first-trimester high adherence to the predefined six food targets is associated with a reduction in the risk of GDM, CMFCs, UTI, prematurity, and SGA new-borns.

scholarly journals A Mediterranean Diet with an Enhanced Consumption of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Pistachios Improves Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Sub-Analysis of the St. Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Assaf-Balut ◽  
Nuria García de la Torre ◽  
Alejandra Duran ◽  
Manuel Fuentes ◽  
Elena Bordiú ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Prevention Study

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), enhanced with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts, on a composite of adverse maternofoetal outcomes of women with normoglycemia during pregnancy. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of the St Carlos gestational diabetes mellitus Prevention Study. Only normoglycemic women were analysed (697). They were randomized (at 8–12th gestational weeks) to: standard-care control group (337), where fat consumption was limited to 30% of total caloric intake; or intervention group (360), where a MedDiet, enhanced with EVOO and pistachios (40–42% fats of total caloric intake) was recommended. The primary outcome was a composite of maternofoetal outcomes (CMFOs): at least having 1 event of emergency C-section, perineal trauma, pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, prematurity, large-for-gestational-age and small-for gestational-age. Results: Crude relative risk showed that the intervention was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of CMFOs (0.48 [0.37–0.63]; p = 0.0001), with a number-needed-to-treat = 5. Risk of urinary tract infections, emergency C-sections, perineal trauma, large-for-gestational-age and small-for gestational age new-borns were also significantly reduced. Conclusion: A MedDiet, enhanced with EVOO and nuts, was associated with a risk reduction of CMFOs in over 50% in normoglycemic pregnant women. Therefore, it might be a potentially adequate diet for pregnant women. Trial registration: Identifier ISRCTN84389045. The study was registered on September 27, 2013. Last edited on September 26, 2018

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