scholarly journals Increased Risk for Cerebral Hypoxia During Immediate Neonatal Transition After Birth in Term Neonates Delivered by Caesarean Section With Prenatal Tobacco Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Helene Wolfsberger ◽  
Marlies Bruckner ◽  
Bernhard Schwaberger ◽  
Lukas Peter Mileder ◽  
Ena Pritisanac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Cerebral Hypoxia ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Smoking Group

Introduction: Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy is a global health problem leading to an increased risk for fetal and neonatal morbidities. So far, there are no data of the potential impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the most vulnerable period after birth – the immediate postnatal transition. The aim of the present study was therefore, to compare cerebral oxygenation during immediate postnatal transition in term neonates with and without prenatal tobacco exposure.Methods: Included in this post-hoc analysis were healthy term neonates, with measurements of cerebral oxygenation (INVOS 5100C) during the first 15 min after birth, and for whom information on maternal smoking behavior during pregnancy was available. Neonates with prenatal tobacco exposure (smoking group) were matched 1:1 according to gestational age (±1 week), birth weight (±100 grams) and hematocrit (±5 %) to neonates without (non-smoking group). Cerebral regional tissue oxygen saturation (crSO2), cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) within the first 15 min after birth were compared between the two groups.Results: Twelve neonates in the smoking group with a median (IQR) gestational age of 39.1 (38.8–39.3) weeks and a birth weight of 3,155 (2,970–3,472) grams were compared to 12 neonates in the non-smoking group with 39.1 (38.7–39.2) weeks and 3,134 (2,963–3,465) grams. In the smoking group, crSO2 was significantly lower and cFTOE significantly higher until min 5 after birth. HR was significantly higher in the smoking group in min 3 after birth. Beyond this period, there were no significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion: Cerebral oxygenation within the first 5 min after birth was compromised in neonates with prenatal tobacco exposure. This observation suggests a higher risk for cerebral hypoxia immediately after birth due to fetal tobacco exposure.

Passive Tobacco Exposure and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-506
Author(s):  
PETER N. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Passive Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

To the Editor.— Drs Schoendorf and Kiely1 report increased risk of SIDS, both in mothers smoking during and after pregnancy ("combined exposure") and in mothers smoking only afterward ("passive exposure"). Most previous studies2-18 that reported that maternal smoking is associated with SIDS considered only smoking during pregnancy, but some2,4,11,15 considered smoking after pregnancy. However, I am unaware of any previous study which attempted separation of smoking during and after pregnancy. Although such an attempt is commendable, certain problems with the analysis and data of Drs Schoendorf and Kiely merit comment.

scholarly journals Maternal Smoking and Socio-Demographic Characteristics in Correlation with Low Birth Weight: A Turin (Piedmont) Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Alice Mannocci ◽  
Claudia Vaschetto ◽  
Leda Semyonov ◽  
Giuseppina Poppa ◽  
Azzurra Massimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction. 15 to 25% of women smoke during pregnancy. Scientific evidence suggests that exposure to smoking causes decreased birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between smoking during pregnancy, maternal sociodemographic characteristics, and low birth weight. Methods. Data were derived from 1572 questionnaires administered to each woman that gave birth at the Gynecology Teaching Hospital “S. Anna” in Turin (Italy) during the period from 2008 to 2010. Multiple logistic analysis was used to evaluate the association between socio-demographic characteristics and birth weight; the stepwise approach with a “backward elimination” procedure was followed, and the goodness of fit of the model was estimated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results. The univariate analysis revealed that smoking cigarettes (17%), having a lower educational level (13%), and female sex of the infant (13%) seem to be risk factors, as they increase the risk of having a low birth weight child. Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age and maternal smoking are the statistically associated variables. Conclusions. The results confirmed that birth weight increases proportionally with the length of the gestational age and that maternal smoking and the child’s sex (female) increase the risk of having a lower birth weight. Logistic regression demonstrated that the association between maternal smoking and low birth weight shows an increased risk for the whole population (OR=2.85), for male (OR=3.45) and for female newborns (OR=2.44)

scholarly journals Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Offspring Birth Weight: A Genetically-Informed Approach Comparing Multiple Raters

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie S. Knopik ◽  
Kristine Marceau ◽  
Rohan H. C. Palmer ◽  
Taylor F. Smith ◽  
Andrew C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

scholarly journals Maternal education and offspring birth weight for gestational age: the mediating effect of smoking during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Nakamura ◽  
Laura Pryor ◽  
Morgane Ballon ◽  
Sandrine Lioret ◽  
Barbara Heude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Child Birth

Abstract Background Small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight, a risk factor for infant mortality and delayed child development, is associated with maternal educational attainment. Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy could contribute to this association. We aimed to quantify the contribution of maternal smoking during pregnancy to social inequalities in child birth weight for gestational age (GA). Methods Data come from the French nation-wide ELFE cohort study, which included 17 155 singletons. Birth weights for GA were calculated using z-scores. Associations between maternal educational attainment, tobacco smoking during pregnancy and child birth weight for GA were ascertained using mediation analysis. Mediation analyses were also stratified by maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index. Results Low maternal educational attainment was associated with an increased odd of tobacco smoking during pregnancy [adjusted OR (ORa) = 2.58 (95% CI 2.34–2.84)] as well as a decrease in child birth weight for GA [RRa = 0.94 (95% CI 0.91–0.98)]. Tobacco smoking during pregnancy was associated with a decrease in offspring birth weight for GA [RRa = 0.73 (95% CI 0.70–0.76)]. Mediation analysis suggests that 39% of the effect of low maternal educational attainment on offspring birth weight for GA was mediated by smoking during pregnancy. A more important direct effect of maternal educational attainment on child birth weight for GA was observed among underweight women [RRa = 0.82 (95% CI 0.72–0.93)]. Conclusions The relationship between maternal educational attainment and child birth weight for GA is strongly mediated by smoking during pregnancy. Reducing maternal smoking could lessen the occurrence of infant SGA and decrease socioeconomic inequalities in birth weight for GA.

Assessment of Tobacco Exposure During Pregnancy by Meconium Analysis and Maternal Interview

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-802
Author(s):  
Ángela López-Rabuñal ◽  
Elena Lendoiro ◽  
Eva González-Colmenero ◽  
Ana Concheiro-Guisán ◽  
Marta Concheiro-Guisán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
In Utero ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Outcomes Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Female Weight

Abstract Smoking during pregnancy can have serious obstetric and fetal complications. Therefore, it is essential to identify in utero exposure to tobacco, being meconium the matrix of choice for this purpose. Meconium (n = 565) was analyzed for nicotine, cotinine and hydroxycotinine by LC–MS-MS. Then, tobacco meconium results were compared with smoking habits during pregnancy and neonatal outcomes measures (birth weight, length, head circumference, gestational age and Apgar scores). Although meconium analysis increased identification of in-utero exposure to tobacco (17.7% meconium positive specimens vs 13.5% mothers admitting tobacco use during pregnancy), there was a statistically significant relationship between meconium results and interview answers (P < 0.001). Birth weight was significantly lower for newborns with meconium positive results in males (P = 0.023) and females (P = 0.001), while for length significance was only observed in females (P = 0.001); however, when excluding meconium specimens positive for other drugs, a statistically significant difference was only found for female weight (P = 0.045). Meconium analysis proved to be more reliable for tobacco prenatal exposure detection than maternal interview. In addition, positive meconium results increased the probability for low birth weight, especially in females.

scholarly journals Prenatal smoking and childhood behavior problems: is the association mediated by birth weight?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Parker ◽  
B. R. Collett ◽  
M. L. Speltz ◽  
M. M. Werler
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
Teacher Report ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with both reduced birth weight and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood behavioral outcomes, and to determine the role of birth weight in mediating such associations. The study included 489 mother–child pairs. Prenatal exposures were assessed via maternal interviews conducted on average 1 year after delivery and child behavior assessments were completed at 5–12 years of age using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with externalizing and total behavior problems according to both mother and teacher report. Maternal smoking was also associated with the following percentage increases in scores: 41% (CBCL) and 44% (TRF) for aggressive behavior and 65% (CBCL) and 47% (TRF) for attention problems. Associations with behavior problems were attenuated or no longer observed for mothers that quit smoking in early pregnancy. The proportion of the total effect of maternal smoking on behavioral outcomes explained by differences in birth weight was small and ranged from 6.6% for externalizing behavior on the CBCL to 20.1% for rule-breaking behavior on the CBCL. Our results suggest that birth weight differences explain only a small proportion of the magnitude of association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and selected behavioral outcomes.

scholarly journals The impact of prenatal parental tobacco smoking on risk of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged women

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. La Merrill ◽  
P. M. Cirillo ◽  
N. Y. Krigbaum ◽  
B. A. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Growing evidence indicates that parental smoking is associated with risk of offspring obesity. The purpose of this study was to identify whether parental tobacco smoking during gestation was associated with risk of diabetes mellitus. This is a prospective study of 44- to 54-year-old daughters (n=1801) born in the Child Health and Development Studies pregnancy cohort between 1959 and 1967. Their mothers resided near Oakland California, were members of the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan and reported parental tobacco smoking during an early pregnancy interview. Daughters reported physician diagnoses of diabetes mellitus and provided blood samples for hemoglobin A1C measurement. Prenatal maternal smoking had a stronger association with daughters’ diabetes mellitus risk than prenatal paternal smoking, and the former persisted after adjustment for parental race, diabetes and employment (aRR=2.4 [95% confidence intervals 1.4–4.1] P<0.01 and aRR=1.7 [95% confidence intervals 1.0–3.0] P=0.05, respectively). Estimates of the effect of parental smoking were unchanged when further adjusted by daughters’ birth weight or current body mass index (BMI). Maternal smoking was also significantly associated with self-reported type 2 diabetes diagnosis (2.3 [95% confidence intervals 1.0–5.0] P<0.05). Having parents who smoked during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus among adult daughters, independent of known risk factors, providing further evidence that prenatal environmental chemical exposures independent of birth weight and current BMI may contribute to adult diabetes mellitus. While other studies seek to confirm our results, caution toward tobacco smoking by or proximal to pregnant women is warranted in diabetes mellitus prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Etiology of individual differences in birth weight of twins as a function of maternal smoking during pregnancy

Twin Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline GM van Baal ◽  
Dorret I Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

AbstractBirth weight is in large extent influenced by gestational age. In addition genetic and environmental factors determine intrauterine growth and birth weight. The contributions of these factors may be influenced by maternal smoking during pregnancy. We examined birth weight and maternal smoking in a sample of 2930 twin pairs from the Netherlands Twin Register using structural equation modelling. Gestational age accounted for 27–44% of the variance in birth weight. A lower variability of birth weight and a lower association of birth weight with gestational age was found in twins whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. The variance not associated with gestational age was independent of maternal smoking during pregnancy. A systematic smaller part of the variability in birth weight was associated with variability in gestational age in second born twins compared to first born twins. The heritability of interindividual differences in birth weight was modest (10% for twins with non-smoking mothers and 11% for twins with smoking mothers). Common environmental influences other than gestational age accounted for a slightly larger part of the variance not associated with gestational age (17–20%).

Maternal smoking and congenital malformations

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Källén
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Small Head ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Since the first report by Simpson (1957) of the association between premature birth and maternal smoking, the research on the consequences of maternal smoking during pregnancy on perinatal outcome has been intense. Even if some of the findings have been contradictory, it is now evident that maternal smoking is associated with pre-term birth and low birth weight, low birth weight for gestational age, small head circumference, low Apgar score at 5 min, stillbirth and neonatal death.

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