Association of maternal dietary patterns with child birth weight and size in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey, 2005 to 2016

Background: Maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy is a major determinant of birth weight and birth size of infant. During pregnancy, mother diet is highly dependent on their topographical, cultural, and sociodemographic circumstances. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the association between the maternal dietary intake with child birth weight and birth size along with the sociodemographic factors in India. Materials and Methods: The data for this study were drawn from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 2005 to 2006 and 2015 to 2016 held in India. Inferential statistical analysis Chi-square was built to test was used to examine the association between maternal dietary patterns, and logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of mother’s dietary patterns on child birth weight and size by controlling the sociodemographic factors. Results: Mother’s daily intake of fish, meat, green leafy vegetables, and fruits was associated with higher birth weight or size and lower risk of intrauterine growth retardation. Women with ?2 dietary diversity categories had significantly higher proportion of low birth weight (LBW) and size of babies comparatively to those in the ?2 dietary diversity categories, there were lesser chance of LBW and small size of babies with women’s dietary diversity 3 (odds ranges from 1.09 to 1.44) or ?4 (odds ranges from 1.15 to 1.59). Furthermore, low birth order, mother’s underweight status, low maternal education, and wealth status significantly have positive association with the poor birth outcomes. Conclusion: The birth weight and size of newborns were found positively associated with the mother’s dietary intake. To meet the aim of maternal dietary diversity and to achieve the double bonus, the government should focus more on supplementation and food security programs during pregnancy that also include nutritional education as well as behavioral and social change interventions strategies.

انسانی کلوننگ کا شرعی و تحقیقی مطالعہ

This paper explores the diverse social, cultural and scientific facets of coloning as an alternate means of human reproduction. We review the various types, and implications of coloning as practiced in the modern world, specifically as a means of child birth for infertile parents. We also present the Islamic injunctions and worldview on different types of cloning. We assert that although biological cloning can be an productive technological intervention to promote agriculture yield, however it’s application for human reproduction is inappropriate, and finds no support in Islamic injunctions. Therefore, our paper suggest that human cloning should be prohibited acknowledging its socioeconomic demerits.

The Mostafa Maged four-stitch technique to avoid leaving dead space during repairing the episiotomy

Most women who are primigravida are mostly confronted with episiotomy during child-birth to prevent the perineal and vaginal lacerations which could be performed at birth. There are many types of episiotomies which are median, mediolateral and J-shaped episiotomy. In here, we performed the mediolateral suture due to its safety. All episiotomy were taken by the Mostafa Maged four-stitch technique. Prevention of the formation of the dead space during the repair of episiotomy so avoiding hematoma formation in the episiotomy area after child-birth. It is an Interventional study. The Mostafa Maged four-stitch technique uses the absorbable vicryls treads with round needles 75 mm. the results of this new technique are Prevention of the dead space formation, Good and tight hemostasis of the episiotomy is achieved, strong approximation of the two edges of the episiotomy, cosmetically, it is so good. The invention of this new technique (Mostafa Maged technique) has shown its effectiveness in those fifteen patients in preventing the dead space during suturing the episiotomy in primigravida cases.

Child Birth and its Effect on Functional Status of Women: A Review

Though highly satisfying motherhood comes with its own challenges. Often underestimated, the effect of child birth on maternal function is a huge and can invariably effect not only the individual but the society in general. Yet there seems to be an attitude of “its all part and parcel of motherhood” when it comes to the functional status of mothers. To improve the functional status of women one needs to quantify it and a scale for Indian mothers are not in existence yet. No matter the mode of delivery , the maternal function is compromised, its said that the physiological healing is complete at 6 weeks post delivery but the researchers are not able to come to terms regarding time needed to achieve the pre pregnancy functional status or in many cases if it ever returns. Hence the gravity of situation is dare and needs acknowledgment not only from the health care professionals but from the society in general. In this article, we are examining the different modes of delivery and its subsequent effect on physical functions of women.

A prospective observational study on maternal near miss cases in a rural teaching hospital

Background: Women who have survived complications during pregnancy and child birth have been studied and termed Maternal near miss (MNM). All near misses should be interpreted as free lesson and opportunities to improve the quality of service provision. The aim of the study was to know the incidence, risk factors and underline causes of MNM in our setup as there is limited data from Himachal Pradesh.Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study that was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College Kangra at Tanda (HP), from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. The patients in this study were, pregnant women who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, child birth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy as per WHO MNM criteria 2009.Results: A total of 9690 live births, 5 maternal deaths and 116 MNM cases were reported during the study period. Incidence of MNM observed was 12%. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 39.6% cases were most common cause for MNM followed by obstetric hemorrhage 31.03% cases. Majority of neonates i.e.; 58% were admitted to NICU and only 52.7% survived the postnatal complications.Conclusions: Critical analysis of MNM cases will help us in identifying the deficiencies in obstetric care. Maternal mortality and morbidity can be reduced if timely and effective care can be given to women experiencing acute pregnancy related complications. There is need for validation of ‘MNM’ criteria at peripheral levels which will enable them in early identification and timely referral of such cases to tertiary centers.

Social-demination factor and practice youth in Russia and Saratov region

The article on the results of sociological studies conducted in Saratov and Russia reveals the socio-demographic factors of the reproductive attitudes of young people. The analysis of the data revealed that with age the acceptable and appropriate period of birth of the first child increases, the level of childbearing in the reproductive practices of young people increases, and the responsible attitude towards the appearance of children increases. However, the majority of young people (57.3%) do not consider children as a guarantee of personal, family happiness. At the same time, decisions about contraception, pregnancy, child birth and the intervals between births are more often assigned to girls. Official registration of marriage is not a prerequisite for the birth of children, which contributes to an increase in the rate of extramarital fertility. However, the stability of the marital status contributes to the implementation of the traditional motivation for the appearance of children at the mutual desire of the spouses. The more children had parents, the more desirable and expected children in young people, but within the maximum range of 2–3 children. Parents’ large children are not transferred to children in the same amount. Young people transpose them within the framework of mostly childlessness. At the same time, she often counts on the help of the older generation in the care and upbringing of children.

A comparative analysis of determinants of low birth weight and stunting among under five children of adolescent and non-adolescent mothers using 2015/16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS)

Background Tanzania is one of the Sub-Saharan African country with nearly 12 out of 60 million people being adolescent. The prevalence of child marriage is higher with one out of every three girls being married before reaching their 18th birthday, 5 % being married by the age of 15, and 31% by the age of 18 years. Literature shows early pregnancy is associated with Low Birth Weight (LBW) and stunting among children under 5 years. This paper explores variation and factors associated with low birth weight and stunting among children born by adolescent and non-adolescent mothers. Methods Data from 13,266 women with children under 5 years collected as part of the 2015/2016 TDHS was re-analyzed using STATA version 14 software while accounting for survey design. A total of 6385 women (of which 7.2% were adolescent) and 8852 women (of which 6.7% were adolescent) were involved in the analysis of child birth weight and stunting respectively. Descriptive statistics stratified by maternal age was conducted with LBW and stunting as outcome variables followed by logistic regressions models controlling for confounding variables. Results The proportion of obese or overweight adolescent and non-adolescent mothers was 11.8 and 36.5% respectively. Antenatal care (ANC) attendance, areas of residence and social economic status were very similar in the two maternal age groups. Non- adolescent mothers had reduced odds of giving birth to LBW babies compared to adolescent mothers (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22–0.50). Maternal undernutrition (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.43–3.67), being divorced, separated or widowed (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.24–2.50) and having at least four ANC visits (AOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49–0.83) were significantly associated with reduced odds of having a LBW. Child stunting was not associated with maternal age. Maternal high socioeconomic status (AOR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.84) and maternal obesity or overweight (AOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64–0.92) were negatively associated with stunting. Child birth weight, sex, and age were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion Maternal age was a predictor of LBW but not stunting. ANC attendance and not living with a spouse increase the risk of LBW babies. Stunting was associated with low maternal body mass index (BMI), low socioeconomic status, child birth weight, gender, and age. A multi-sectoral approach is needed to address child nutrition problems with teenagers ‘specific intervention that offer emotional support, and health education during pregnancies for improving immediate and later life child birth outcomes.

Predictors of Satisfaction With Childbirth Services Amongst Postnatal Women in Two Selected Teaching Hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria

Satisfaction with childbirth service is a multi-dimensional construct embracing satisfaction with self (personal control), and with the physical environment of delivery ward and quality of care. Maternal health care service encompasses family planning, preconception, antenatal, delivery and postnatal care. Goals of preconception care include providing education, health promotion, screening tests for various health problems and interventions for women of reproductive age to reduce risk factors that might affect future pregnancies. Women who begin prenatal care early in their pregnancies have better birth outcomes than those who receive little or no care during their pregnancies. This study was conducted to identify predictors of satisfaction with childbirth services and the factors influencing them. A well-structured questionnaire was used to get responses from 81 postnatal women in OOUTH and BUTH. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the research questions and hypotheses respectively. Majority of the participants revealed good level of satisfaction with most child birth services rendered by the two selected teaching hospitals, but more than two-third of the respondent’s claims, dissatisfaction in pain control and baby care after birth in the two hospitals. Findings revealed more satisfaction towards child birth services in BUTH than OOUTH, this might be as a result of inadequate equipment, structural facilities and poor waiting areas in the public hospital. It was recommended among others that Government should facilitate focused antenatal care, institutional delivery and postnatal care in terms of reducing maternal and neonatal mortality.

Father’s Involvement during the Pregnancy and Child Birth Time in Nepal

This study was conducted in two districts: Lamjung and Chitawan. All the respondents were 25 years and above fathers. The study collected data from face to face in–depth interviews. The findings show that almost respondents (fathers) care their pregnancy wives. Furthermore, 25-40 age group respondents care their pregnant wives more sensitively: they are aware of providing rest, not allowing carrying loads, supplying nutritious food, providing love and affection, go together for pregnancy checkup and regular help to solve their wives’ problems at pregnancy time.