scholarly journals Carotid Occlusion Accentuates Aortic Stenosis and Cardiac Remodeling With Preserved Systolic Function in LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandong Liu ◽  
Jiawei Cai ◽  
Lefeng Qu
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
And Function

Background: Carotid atherosclerotic disease is associated with aortic stenosis and reduced cardiac function. The causality between carotid and cardiac pathologies is unknown. We aim to explore the effects of carotid stenosis or occlusion on cardiac pathology and function.Methods and Results: We produced carotid obstruction or stenosis in 36 atherogenic mice with 150- or 300-μm tandem surgery or sham surgery. The structure and function of the heart were assessed by histology and animal ultrasound. The 150-μm group had larger plaque burden and thicker valve leaflets in the aortic root than did the control group. Also, the two surgery groups had a thicker left ventricular posterior wall and smaller internal diameter compared with controls. Increased myocardial fibrosis was also found in the 150-μm group compared with controls, although the surgery groups had preserved systolic function compared with that of controls.Conclusions: In a mouse model, carotid occlusion accentuated the formation of aortic stenosis and promoted ventricular remodeling without impairing systolic function. Carotid atherosclerotic plaque may be a pathogenic factor for aortic stenosis and ventricular remodeling.

Abstract 321: Cardiac Function Improvement Following In vivo Intracoronary Adeno-Associated Virus Type 1 Vector Gene Transfer of SERCA2a in a Pre-Clinical Model of Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Q Ly ◽  
Yoshiaki Kawase ◽  
Fabrice A Prunier ◽  
Djamel Lebeche ◽  
Yafen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Inotropic Effects ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Virus Serotype

Background: Reduced activity and expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) is known to occur in HF. Method: Our 4-month study examined the effects of SERCA2a gene transfer in a swine volume-overload HF (VO-HF) model. Using Yorkshire-Landrace swine, HF was created by severing mitral apparatus chordae to induce mitral regurgitation. Results: At 2 months (M), a compensated state of VO-HF was found: prolongation of the rate of isovolumic relaxation (Tau), increased left ventricular internal diameter diastolic and systolic diameters (LVIDd, LVIDs). At 2M, intracoronary injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 1 vector carrying SERCA2a under a cytomegalovirus promoter (AAV1.SERCA2a) (n = 10) vs. saline (n = 6) was performed. At 4M, gene transfer resulted in (A) positive LV inotropic effects: (dP/dt)/P, 15.5 ± 3.0 sec − 1 SERCA2a-group vs. 21.2 ± 3.2 sec − 1 controls; p < 0.01; (B) a favorable trend in LV lusitropic effects: Tau, 0.037 ± 0.019 vs. 0.051 ± 0.01 msec, p = 0.09; (C) improvement in LV geometry: % change in LVIDs, +15 ± 11% controls vs. −3.0 ± 10% SERCA2a-group, p < 0.01. At 4M, BNP levels remained stable in post- SERCA2a gene transfer, in contrast to the progressive rising levels among controls. Further, cardiac SERCA2a expression was significantly decreased in controls whereas it was restored to normal levels in the SERCA2a group (Figure ). Lastly, there was no histopathological evidence of myocardial inflammatory reaction or necrosis. Conclusion: Overexpression of SERCA2a by in vivo AAV1-mediated intracoronary gene transfer preserved systolic function, potentially prevented diastolic dysfunction and improved ventricular remodeling.

scholarly journals Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in patients with different types of ischemic heart disease by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Xing ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Shaomin Chen ◽  
Lingli Wang ◽  
Zhaoping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Speckle Tracking Imaging ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Function ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Function ◽  
Conventional Echocardiography

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate left ventricular systolic function in patients with different types of ischemic heart disease using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI). Methods We retrospectively studied patients who were admitted to Peking University Third Hospital from January 2011 to December 2017 due to chest tightness and chest pain. Two hundred forty-two patients were divided into control group, CMD group and obstructive CAD group. The main coronary artery stenosis was confirmed by coronary angiography or coronary computed tomography and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients was measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Left ventricular strain and strain rate (SR) measured by 2D-STI. Cardiac structure and function were measured by conventional echocardiography. Results Conventional echocardiography showed that there was no significant difference in cardiac structure and function among the three groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, the longitudinal strain (LS) of each ventricular wall in CMD group was notably lower than that in control group (P < 0.01). In addition, global longitudinal SR and longitudinal SR in CMD group and obstructive CAD group were obviously lower than those in control group (P < 0.01). GLS, endocardial LS and epicardial LS were negatively correlated with CFR (P < 0.01). Conclusions Early left ventricular systolic dysfunction was found in patients with CMD and patients with obstructive CAD, with similar degree. CFR is an independent influencing factor of GLS. GLS and stratified LS have certain diagnostic value for CMD.

Hyperhomocysteinemia leads to pathological ventricular hypertrophy in normotensive rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. H679-H686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Joseph ◽  
Lija Joseph ◽  
Nawal S. Shekhawat ◽  
Sulochana Devi ◽  
Junru Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
And Function

A recent report indicated that hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhe), in addition to its atherothrombotic effects, exacerbates the adverse cardiac remodeling seen in response to hypertension, a powerful stimulus for pathological ventricular hypertrophy. The present study was undertaken to determine whether Hhe has a direct effect on ventricular remodeling and function in the absence of other hypertrophic stimuli. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed either an amino acid-defined control diet or an intermediate Hhe-inducing diet. After 10 wk of dietary treatment, rats were subjected to echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) dimensions and systolic function. Subsequently, blood was collected for plasma homocysteine measurements, and the rats were killed for histomorphometric and biochemical assessment of cardiac remodeling and for in vitro cardiac function studies. Significant LV hypertrophy was detected by echocardiographic measurements, and in vitro results showed hypertrophy with significantly increased myocyte size in the LV and right ventricle (RV). LV and RV remodeling was characterized by a disproportionate increase in perivascular and interstitial collagen, coronary arteriolar wall thickening, and myocardial mast cell infiltration. In vitro study of LV function demonstrated abnormal diastolic function secondary to decreased compliance because the rate of relaxation did not differ between groups. LV systolic function did not vary between groups in vitro. In summary, in the absence of other hypertrophic stimuli short-term intermediate Hhe caused pathological hypertrophy and remodeling of both ventricles with diastolic dysfunction of the LV. These results demonstrate that Hhe has direct adverse effects on cardiac structure and function, which may represent a novel direct link between Hhe and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, independent of other risk factors.

scholarly journals A Vegan Athlete’s Heart—Is It Different? Morphology and Function in Echocardiography

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Wojciech Król ◽  
Szymon Price ◽  
Daniel Śliż ◽  
Damian Parol ◽  
Marcin Konopka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Vegan Group ◽  
And Function

Plant-based diets are a growing trend, including among athletes. This study compares the differences in physical performance and heart morphology and function between vegan and omnivorous amateur runners. A study group and a matched control group were recruited comprising N = 30 participants each. Eight members of the study group were excluded, leaving N = 22 participants. Members of both groups were of similar age and trained with similar frequency and intensity. Vegans displayed a higher VO2max (54.08 vs. 50.10 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05), which correlated positively with carbohydrate intake (ρ = 0.52) and negatively with MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) intake (ρ = −0.43). The vegans presented a more eccentric form of remodelling with greater left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd, 2.93 vs. 2.81 cm/m2, p = 0.04) and a lower relative wall thickness (RWT, 0.39 vs. 0.42, p = 0.04) and left ventricular mass (LVM, 190 vs. 210 g, p = 0.01). The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was similar (108 vs. 115 g/m2, p = NS). Longitudinal strain was higher in the vegan group (−20.5 vs. −19.6%, p = 0.04), suggesting better systolic function. Higher E-wave velocities (87 vs. 78 cm/s, p = 0.001) and E/e′ ratios (6.32 vs. 5.6, p = 0.03) may suggest better diastolic function in the vegan group. The results demonstrate that following a plant-based diet does not impair amateur athletes’ performance and influences both morphological and functional heart remodelling. The lower RWT and better LV systolic and diastolic function are most likely positive echocardiographic findings.

Left Ventricular Remodeling and Function in Adult Aortic Stenosis

Angiology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pompilio Faggiano ◽  
Cesare Rusconi ◽  
Giuseppe Ghizzoni ◽  
Tony Sabatini
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
And Function

Temporal evaluation of left ventricular remodeling and function in rats with chronic volume overload

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5) ◽  
pp. H2071-H2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Brower ◽  
J. R. Henegar ◽  
J. S. Janicki
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Chronic Volume Overload ◽  
And Function

The left ventricle (LV) significantly dilates and hypertrophies in response to chronic volume overload. However, the temporal responses in LV mass, volume, and systolic/diastolic function secondary to chronic volume overload induced by an infrarenal arteriovenous (A-V) fistula in rats have not been well characterized. To this end, LV end-diastolic pressure, size, and function (i.e., isovolumetric pressure-volume relationships in the blood-perfused isolated heart) were assessed at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 wk post-A-V fistula and compared with age-matched control animals. Progressive hypertrophy (192% at 8 wk), ventricular dilatation (172% at 8 wk), and a decrease in ventricular stiffness (257% at 8 wk) occurred in the fistula groups. LV end-diastolic pressure increased from a control value of 4.2 +/- 3.1 mmHg to a peak value of 15.7 +/- 3.6 mmHg after 3 wk of volume overload. A subsequent decline in LVEDP to 11.0 +/- 6.0 mmHg together with further LV dilation (169%) corresponded to a significant decrease in LV stiffness (222%) at 5 wk post-A-V fistula. Myocardial contractility, as assessed by the isovolumetric pressure-volume relationship, was significantly reduced in all A-V fistula groups; however, the compensatory remodeling induced by 8 wk of chronic biventricular volume overload tended to preserve systolic function.

Abstract 13409: Left Ventricular Remodeling and Function Following Aortic Valve Replacement for Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis With Preserved Ejection Fraction-Results From the TOPAS Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdellaziz Dahou ◽  
Marie-Annick Clavel ◽  
Jean G Dumesnil ◽  
Romain Capoulade ◽  
Henrique B Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Lv Remodeling ◽  
And Function

Background: Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is recommended (IIa) in symptomatic patients with paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis (PLF-LG AS). This entity is characterized by pronounced LV concentric remodeling with impaired LV filling and reduced LV longitudinal systolic function and stroke volume despite preserved LV ejection fraction (p-EF). However, there is lack of data about the evolution of LV geometry and function following AVR in these patients. Methods: We prospectively enrolled thirty-two patients (age=71±12 years; 59% men) with PLF-LG AS (SVi<35 mL/m2, mean gradient<40 mmHg, indexed aortic valve area [AVA] 50%) who underwent AVR within 3 months following inclusion. Stroke volume was measured in the LV outflow tract by pulsed-wave Doppler and indexed for body surface area (SVi). Global left ventricular longitudinal strain (GLS) was measured by 2D speckle tracking. Results: Following AVR, mean gradient decreased (15±8 mmHg post vs. 30±7 pre AVR) and AVA increased significantly (1.40±0.31 vs. 0.70±0.12 cm2) (all p<0.0001). AVR was associated with a positive LV remodeling with an increase in LV end-diastolic diameter (46±4 vs. 44±4 vs mm; p=0.0027) and volume (99±21 vs. 89±20 ml, p=0.003) and a decrease in relative wall thickness (0.46±0.06 vs. 0.58±0.11; p=0.0004) and LV mass (175±37 vs. 207±44 g; p=0.002). SVi increased significantly from baseline to 1 year (36±7 vs. 31±3 ml/m2; p=0.0002), whereas LVEF remained unchanged (63±6 vs 63±7; p=NS). SVi increased significantly in the subset of patients with mild to moderate DD at baseline (all p<0.05) but not in those with severe DD (p=NS). GLS also increased significantly from baseline to 1 year (17±4 vs. 14.5±4%; p=0.03). There was a significant correlation between post-AVR increase in GLS and increase in SVi (r=0.52; p=0.02). Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that in patients with PLF-LG AS and p-EF, AVR is associated with an increase in LV stroke volume which is mainly due to positive LV remodeling and improvement in LV longitudinal systolic function. Our results provide further support to the ACC/AHA recommendations with regard to indication of AVR in these patients.

P3441Impact of maternal preeclampsia on left ventricular structure and function in the newborn heart

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R O B Voegg ◽  
J Ghouse ◽  
A S Sillesen ◽  
C A Pihl ◽  
A Axelsson Raja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systolic Function ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
P Value ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Function ◽  
Fractional Shortening

Abstract Background Maternal preeclampsia (PE) has been associated with an increased risk of a variety of congenital heart defects in the infant. Whether PE also confers an increased risk of subtle structural and functional cardiac deficits is unknown. Purpose We investigated whether left ventricular dimensions and systolic function differed among infants of mothers with PE, compared to infants born after uncomplicated pregnancies. Method Systematic transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed in neonates included in a population-based study in the period 2016–2018 (n=25,000). TTE was preferably performed within 14 days of birth. Left ventricular (LV) posterior wall end-diastolic thickness (LVPWd), interventricular septum end-diastole thickness (IVSd), LV internal diameter in end-diastole and end-systole (LVIDd and LVIDs), LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS) were assessed. Information on maternal PE (ICD-10 codes DO140–142 and DO159) was retrieved from an obstetric database. Using linear regression in a sample of echocardiograms, we compared the LV structure and function adjusted for maternal age; gestational age; sex; weight and length. Results In total, 447 infants were exposed to PE, and 7,178 were born to uncomplicated pregnancies (Table). In infants of PE mothers, we found significantly larger LVPWd and IVSd (0.18 mm, 95% CI [0.14; 0.22], p<0.001 and 0.06 mm, 95% CI [0.02; 0.10], p=0.001, resp.) and LVIDd as LVIDs were significantly smaller (−0.15 mm, 95% CI [−0.29; −0.01], p=0.032 and −0.16 mm 95% CI [−0.28; −0.04], p=0.009, resp.) compared to infants of non-PE mothers. We found no differences in systolic function. LV measures in PE and non-PE infants Parameter Infants of PE mothers, Infants of non-PE mothers, p-value Estimate* [95% CI] p-value mean [± SD] (n=447) mean [± SD] (n=7,178) Left Ventricular Posterior Wall in end-Diastole, LVPWd (mm) 2.20 [±0.58] 2.07 [±0.40] <0.001 0.18 [0.14; 0.22] <0.001 Interventricular Septum in end-Diastole, IVSd (mm) 2.53 [±0.52] 2.55 [±0.41] 0.562 0.06 [0.02; 0.10] 0.001 Left Ventricular Internal Diameter in end-Diastole, LVIDd (mm) 19.35 [±2.00] 20.10 [±1.41] <0.001 −0.15 [−0.29; −0.01] 0.032 Left Ventricular Internal Diameter in end-Diastole, LVIDs (mm) 13.13 [±1.43] 13.65 [±1.79] <0.001 −0.16 [−0.28; −0.04] 0.009 Fractional Shortening, FS (%) 32.10 [±4.07] 32.11 [±3.86] 0.937 0.26 [−0.11; 0.63] 0.168 Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, LVEF (%) 63.19 [±5.61] 63.09 [±5.30] 0.690 0.34 [−0.17; 0.85] 0.192 *Adjusted for maternal age; gestational age; sex; weight and length. Conclusion In the largest population-based group of neonates to date, we showed that infants born to PE mothers compared to infants of non-PE mothers had significantly thicker left ventricular myocardium, and reduced left ventricular volumes. However, PE was not associated with altered systolic function. Our results might reflect an adaption of the fetal heart to the increased resistance in the placental arteries in PE mothers, and a secondary increased left ventricular afterload. Acknowledgement/Funding Danish Heart Association, Danish Children's Heart Foundation, Candy's Found., Toyota Found., Herlev-Gentofte Hospital Research Found., Lundbeck Found.

scholarly journals The Adverse Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Left Ventricular Remodeling and Function in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Lindman ◽  
Suzanne V. Arnold ◽  
José A. Madrazo ◽  
Alan Zajarias ◽  
Stephanie N. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
And Function
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