scholarly journals Participation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Receptors in Gut Inflammation and Colon Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Daniella Carretta ◽  
John Quiroga ◽  
Rodrigo López ◽  
María Angélica Hidalgo ◽  
Rafael Agustín Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by the bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, and they play a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal health. SCFAs are also essential for modulating different processes, and they have anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory effects. As the inflammatory process predisposes the development of cancer and promotes all stages of tumorigenesis, an antitumor effect has also been associated with SCFAs. This is strongly supported by epidemiological studies showing that a diet rich in fiber is linked to a reduced risk of colon cancer and has significant clinical benefits in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SCFAs may signal through the metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors free fatty acid receptor 3 [FFAR3 or G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41)], FFAR2 (GPR43), and GPR109A (also known as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 or HCAR2) expressed in the gut epithelium and immune cells. This review summarizes the existing knowledge regarding the SCFA-mediated suppression of inflammation and carcinogenesis in IBD and colon cancer.

scholarly journals G-protein-coupled receptor for short-chain fatty acids suppresses colon cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tang ◽  
Yakun Chen ◽  
Hongmei Jiang ◽  
Gregory T. Robbins ◽  
Daotai Nie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion via the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor FFAR2

Diabetes ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tolhurst ◽  
H. Heffron ◽  
Y. S. Lam ◽  
H. E. Parker ◽  
A. M. Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals The olfactory G protein-coupled receptor (Olfr-78/OR51E2) modulates the intestinal response to colitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. C502-C513
Author(s):  
Kumar Kotlo ◽  
Arivarasu N. Anbazhagan ◽  
Shubha Priyamvada ◽  
Dulari Jayawardena ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Olfactory receptor-78 (Olfr-78) is a recently identified G protein-coupled receptor activated by short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate. A suggested role for this receptor exists in the prostate where it may influence chronic inflammatory response leading to intraepithelial neoplasia. Olfr-78 has also been shown to be expressed in mouse colon. Short-chain fatty acids and their receptors are well known to modulate inflammation in the gut. Considering this possibility, we first explored if colitis regulated Olfr-78 expression in the gut, where we observed a significant reduction in the expression of Olfr-78 transcript in mouse models of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. To more directly test this, mice deficient in Olfr-78 were administered with DSS in water for 7 days and were found to have increased expression of IL-1β and inflammatory signs in colon compared with control mice. Next, we explored the expression of its human counterpart olfactory receptor family 51, subfamily E, member 2 (OR51E2) in human intestinal samples and observed that it was in fact also expressed in human colon samples. RNA sequence analysis revealed significant changes in the genes involved in infection, immunity, inflammation, and colorectal cancer between wild-type and Olfr-78 knockout mice. Collectively, our findings show that Olfr-78 is highly expressed in colon and downregulated in DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis, and DSS-treated Olfr-78 null mice had increased colonic expression of cytokine RNA levels, suggesting a potential role for this receptor in intestinal inflammation. Future investigations are needed to understand how Olfr-78/OR51E2 in both mouse and human intestine modulates gastrointestinal pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Bidirectional regulatory potentials of short-chain fatty acids and their G-protein-coupled receptors in autoimmune neuroinflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongho Park ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Yang Mao-Draayer ◽  
Chang H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids, G Protein-Coupled Receptors, and Immune Cells

2017 ◽  
pp. 279-294
Author(s):  
José Luís Fachi ◽  
Renan O. Corrêa ◽  
Fabio T. Sato ◽  
Angélica T. Vieira ◽  
Hosana G. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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