scholarly journals Effect of Fragmented DNA From Plant Pathogens on the Protection Against Wilt and Root Rot of Capsicum annuum L. Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Maria Serrano-Jamaica ◽  
Emiliano Villordo-Pineda ◽  
Mario Martín González-Chavira ◽  
Ramón Gerardo Guevara-González ◽  
Gabriela Medina-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Fragmented Dna ◽  
Dna Mixture

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production is affected by wilt and root rot, the most devastating disease caused by the pathogen complex of oomycete Phytophthora capsici Leon and the fungi Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, infecting roots, stems, leaves, and fruits. Fungicides are currently inefficient against this disease and have a high environmental impact. The use of elicitors is a sustainable alternative for inducing resistance to wilting and root rot. DNA fragments of an organism’s own origin (conspecific or self-DNA) have shown the ability to inhibit growth and activate defense mechanisms in some plant species. In this investigation, the effect of the fragmented DNA mixture of Phytophthora capsici L., Fusarium oxysporum S., and Rhizoctonia solani K. on the protection against wilt and root rot of Capsicum annuum L. plants was evaluated. Changes in plant performance, phenolics, and flavonoids contents, as well as gene expression involved in the production of defense metabolites after the fragmented and unfragmented DNA mixture in three concentrations (20, 60, and 100 μg mL–1) in chili peppers, were studied. The results obtained showed a decrease in plant height in 60 and 100 μg mL–1 concentrations in absence of pathogens. Moreover, the treatment with fragmented DNA 100 μg mL–1 showed significant increase in the content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids as well as gene expression associated to plant defense in comparison with control plants. Interestingly, foliar application of DNA fragments of the pathogen complex to a concentration of 100 μg mL–1 caused a 40% decrease in the mortality of infected plants with the pathogens at 30 days post-inoculation compared with control plants inoculated with the pathogen complex but not sprayed with DNA fragments. These results suggested a perspective for application of fragmented DNA of these pathogens at the agricultural level in crop protection strategies to cope with wilt and root rot in Capsicum.

scholarly journals Antagonismo de Saccharicola sp., contra fitopatógenos de la raíz de chile jalapeño (Capsicum annuum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karina Uc-Arguelles ◽  
Jesús Pérez-Moreno ◽  
Victoria Ayala-Escobar ◽  
Emma Zavaleta-Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Para Determinar

<p>Se evaluó la capacidad antagónica de <em>Saccharicola </em>sp <em>in vitro</em> e invernadero contra <em>Phytophthora capsici</em>, <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> y <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>. Mediante confrontaciones duales se evaluó la reducción de crecimiento del fitopatógeno y se registró el número de días en que el antagonista invadió el micelio de los patógenos, se determinó la viabilidad del micelio invadido y la producción de propágulos del fitopatógeno. <em>Saccharicola</em> sp causó reducción de 44.8 % y 45.1 % en el crecimiento de <em>P. capsici</em> y <em>F. oxysporum</em> a los 3 días posteriores a la confrontación (dpc) y en <em>R. solani</em> 36.2 % a los 2 dpc. Para determinar su potencial micoparasítico se realizaron microcultivos. A las 72 h se observó el enrollamiento del antagonista alrededor de <em>P. capsici</em>. En <em>R. solani</em> desde las 24 h se observaron hundimientos en los sitios de contacto con el antagonista. A pesar que en condiciones <em>in vitro Saccharicola</em> sp mostró un efecto negativo contra los fitopatógenos y hubo evidencia de  micoparasitismo, en invernadero no redujo la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad, ni promovió el crecimiento de las plantas.</p>

Root-rot resistance in common bean

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tu ◽  
S. J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Growth Room

A bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) line, A - 300, resistant to Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum was introduced into Ontario from Colombia. The results of tests conducted in a root-rot nursery, in a greenhouse and in a growth room showed that this bean line is resistant to Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli and Pythium ultimum. Key words: Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, root rot resistance

scholarly journals Biocontrol of damping-off of zucchini squash seedlings with Bacillus subtilis QST 713

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Rosa Solano-Báez ◽  
Santos Gerardo Leyva-Mir ◽  
Rosalía Núñez-Pastrana ◽  
Andrés Quezada-Salinas ◽  
Guillermo Márquez-Licona
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Damping Off

<em>Bacillus subtilis</em> presenta actividad antagónica contra fitopatógenos. En el presente estudio, se identificaron los hongos asociados al ahogamiento en plántulas de calabacita y se evaluó la efectividad de la cepa QST 713 de <em>B. subtilis</em> ante la infección combinada de los hongos aislados. Los patógenos se aislaron de plántulas de calabacita con síntomas de ahogamiento. Se inocularon plántulas de calabacita var. Grey zucchini con propágulos de tres patógenos a una concentración de 4×105 UFC de cada patógeno. Se evaluó la efectividad de <em>B. subtilis</em> (2, 4 y 6×107 UFC mL-1) y se comparó con metil tiofanato + propamocarb clorhidrato (preventiva y curativa). La incidencia se evaluó a los tres, seis, nueve y 12 días (ddi). Se aislaron e identificaron tres hongos de 100 aislamientos: <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> (62%), <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> (26%) y <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> (12%). Se observó la eficiencia de <em>B. subtilis</em>, con una reducción en la incidencia de la enfermedad conforme se incrementó la concentración. Doce días después de la inoculación, la incidencia del ahogamiento en los tratamientos con <em>B. subtilis</em> varió de 18.3 a 41%. El tratamiento de <em>B. subtilis</em> (6×107 UFC mL-1) fue estadísticamente igual a metil tiofanato + propamocarb clorhidrato (curativo). La cepa QST 713 de<em> B. subtilis</em> controló un 81.7% el ahogamiento de plántulas de calabacita, aplicada de manera preventiva a una concentración de 6×107 UFC mL-1.

scholarly journals A Rapid Technique for Multiple-race Disease Screening of Phytophthora Foliar Blight on Single Capsicum annuum L. Plants

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1563-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Monroy-Barbosa ◽  
Paul W. Bosland
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Chile Pepper ◽  
Physiological Races ◽  
Foliar Blight

Phytophthora blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora capsici Leon., is a major disease that threatens production and long-term viability of the chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) industry. For each phytophthora disease syndrome such as root rot, foliar blight, and stem blight separate and independent resistant systems have evolved in the host. In addition, several physiological races of the pathogen have been identified. A novel, effective, and accurate screening technique is described that allows for multiple races to be evaluated on a single plant of C. annuum. The P. capsici resistant line Criollo de Morelos-334, a susceptible cultivar, Camelot, and three New Mexico Recombinant Inbred Lines, -F, -I, -S, were used to evaluate the new technique for phytophthora foliar blight multiple-race screening. Using three P. capsici physiological races, no interaction among the physiological races was observed with this technique. This novel technique provided a rapid disease screen evaluating multiple physiological races for phytophthora foliar blight resistance in a single chile pepper plant and can assist plant breeders in selecting for disease-resistant plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Set-Point Substrate Moisture Control on Oomycete Disease Risk in Containerized Annual Crops Based on the Tomato–Phytophthora capsici Pathosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Del Castillo Múnera ◽  
Bruk Belayneh ◽  
John Lea-Cox ◽  
Cassandra L. Swett
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Substrate Moisture

In containerized (potted) annual nursery and greenhouse crops, set point-controlled irrigation allows adaptation to increasing water insecurity by precisely reducing water inputs. A key factor influencing adoption is lack of information on disease risk. To facilitate adaptive water use, effects of set-point substrate moisture (SM) control on disease risk and water savings in containerized annual production were evaluated using the Phytophthora capsici–tomato pathosystem (a model system for water stress predisposition to pathogen infection), comparing outcomes of imposing midrange SM (15% volumetric water content [VWC]) and low-range SM (10% VWC) with well-watered (20% VWC) plants. Reducing soil moisture to 10% VWC differentially reduced stem water potential (P < 0.05) and enhanced rate of wilt progress (P = 0.006) and root rot severity (P = 0.03) in P. capsici inoculated plants compared with noninoculated plants. Furthermore, incidence of fine root infections in inoculated asymptomatic plants was greater under reduced SM (10% VWC) compared with in well-watered plants (P < 0.05). Mild reductions to 15% VWC did not influence plant performance (root and shoot weights and plant height) or pathogen infection in either inoculated or noninoculated plants compared with well-watered plants and reduced water inputs by 17%, indicating potential for reducing water usage without increasing disease risk. Furthermore, P. capsici inoculated plants had lower shoot biomass and greater root infection incidence when 15% VWC was applied to older compared with younger plants; the inverse was true for root rot severity, although root rot development was minor overall (P < 0.05). These results indicate that water use reductions pose disease risks, but there is potential to reduce water use and effectively manage plant pathogens in containerized production. Overall, this study indicates that physiological indices should not be solely relied on to develop water reduction methods.

scholarly journals Respuesta de genotipos de Capsicum pubescens al daño ocasionado por el complejo fúngico de la marchitez

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Janeth Vallejo-Gutiérrez ◽  
Jaime Mejía-Carranza ◽  
Rómulo García-Velasco ◽  
Marithza Guadalupe Ramírez-Gerardo
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici

En el sur del Estado de México el chile manzano (Capsicum pubescens R. y P.) es un cultivo económicamente importante, sin embargo, es afectado por la “marchitez”, enfermedad de raíz que provoca la muerte de la planta. El objetivo fue identificar los organismos asociados y evaluar la variación en respuesta al daño de la marchitez en 16 genotipos (M1-M16) de chile manzano. Se sembraron segmentos de plantas infectadas en medio de cultivo PDA y 3P y se identificaron morfológica y molecularmente a los organismos asociados. Para la interacción patógeno-genotipo, se inocularon los organismos asociados solos y sus combinaciones en C. pubescens. Se identificaron a Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici y Rhizoctonia solani como responsables de la marchitez,  en los que hubo diferencias en severidad e incidencia  entre colonias de F. oxysporum (P?0.01), y de P. capsici (P?0.05). Hubo diferencias significativas (P?0.01) en patogenicidad entre P. capsici, F. oxysporum y R. solani, y combinaciones entre estos. Se observó variación  en la resistencia a la marchitez,  donde  M8 fue el genotipo  que presentó resistencia a F. oxysporum y R. solani, y M9 tolerancia a F. oxysporum. Éstos pueden ser aprovechados en el mejoramiento genético para desarrollo de genotipos resistentes.

scholarly journals Screening Capsicum annuum Accessions for Resistance to Six Isolates of Phytophthora capsici

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron L. Candole ◽  
Patrick J. Conner ◽  
Pingsheng Ji
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Seed Increase

Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsici Leon. is one of the most important diseases of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) in Georgia. The level of resistance in commercial bell pepper cultivars is not effective in managing this disease in moist and humid conditions, and new sources of resistance are needed. A mixture of six Georgia isolates of P. capsici was used for greenhouse mass screening of 2301 accessions of Capsicum annuum. From the initial screening, 77 accessions were identified as resistant to P. capsici-induced root rot. From those 77 accessions, 28 accessions were selected for seed increase and further replicated root inoculation tests. Replicated tests confirmed the resistance of 14 of the 28 accessions, although genetic variability within the accessions hampered the analysis of resistance in some accessions. Two accessions, PI 201237 and PI 640532, demonstrated consistently high levels of resistance to root rot. These two accessions are potential sources of resistance genes that can be incorporated into commercial bell pepper cultivars.

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