scholarly journals Evolvability of Drought Response in Four Native and Non-native Conifers: Opportunities for Forest and Genetic Resource Management in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Schueler ◽  
Jan-Peter George ◽  
Sandra Karanitsch-Ackerl ◽  
Konrad Mayer ◽  
Raphael Thomas Klumpp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Drought Sensitivity ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Variation

Intraspecific genetic variation in drought response is expected to play an important role in determining the persistence of tree populations in global change as it (1) allows for spontaneous selection and local adaptation of tree populations, (2) supports assisted seed transfer of less-drought-sensitive provenance, and (3) enables the integration of drought-sensitivity traits into tree breeding. Estimating the potential of such adaptation options requires quantitative genetic knowledge of drought sensitivity across significant parts of species distributions and a comparative assessment of genetic variation within economically and ecologically important tree species. We quantified genetic variation within and among populations of four conifers growing within common garden experiments in the drought-prone eastern Austria. This region experienced three strong drought periods between 1980 and 2010 that resulted in significant reductions in radial growth. Among the four tested species, Douglas-fir revealed the highest resistance during drought and silver fir the best recovery after drought, while European larch and Norway spruce showed the lowest resistance. High genetic variation among populations and phenotypic stability across all three drought events was found for Norway spruce and silver fir, but not for the other species. Heritability and evolvability of drought traits, both approximated via genetic repeatability, revealed strong differences among populations of all four species. Repeatability and evolvability for resistance were highest in Norway spruce and, for recovery, highest in European larch. Our comparison indicates that the mean drought sensitivity of a species is not related to the intraspecific genetic variation in drought response. Thus, also highly drought-sensitive species, such as Norway spruce and European larch, harbor significant genetic variation in drought response within and among populations to justify targeted tree breeding, assisted gene flow, and supportive forest management to foster local adaptations to future conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic specificity of a plant–insect food web: Implications for linking genetic variation to network complexity

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 2128-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Barbour ◽  
Miguel A. Fortuna ◽  
Jordi Bascompte ◽  
Joshua R. Nicholson ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Ecological Networks ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Variation ◽  
Food Web Complexity

Theory predicts that intraspecific genetic variation can increase the complexity of an ecological network. To date, however, we are lacking empirical knowledge of the extent to which genetic variation determines the assembly of ecological networks, as well as how the gain or loss of genetic variation will affect network structure. To address this knowledge gap, we used a common garden experiment to quantify the extent to which heritable trait variation in a host plant determines the assembly of its associated insect food web (network of trophic interactions). We then used a resampling procedure to simulate the additive effects of genetic variation on overall food-web complexity. We found that trait variation among host-plant genotypes was associated with resistance to insect herbivores, which indirectly affected interactions between herbivores and their insect parasitoids. Direct and indirect genetic effects resulted in distinct compositions of trophic interactions associated with each host-plant genotype. Moreover, our simulations suggest that food-web complexity would increase by 20% over the range of genetic variation in the experimental population of host plants. Taken together, our results indicate that intraspecific genetic variation can play a key role in structuring ecological networks, which may in turn affect network persistence.

scholarly journals Variation in growth of Norway spruce in the IUFRO 1972 provenance experimental series

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Chmura ◽  
Jan Matras ◽  
Władysław Barzdajn ◽  
Włodzimierz Buraczyk ◽  
Wojciech Kowalkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Adaptation Ability

Abstract Provenance experiments traditionally provide information on genetic variation within tree species in adaptation ability and other traits important for commercial forestry. In this study we investigated variation in growth among 20 populations of Nor­way spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) at four common-garden sites of the IUFRO 1972 provenance experimental series at the age close to half of rotation. Because stand density varied among sites, we analyzed stand density-adjusted basal area (BA) and quadratic mean diameter (Dq). The examined prove­nances varied significantly in both analyzed traits. We identi­fied provenances that performed consistently better or worse than average across all four sites. Among the well-growing and possibly adaptive seed sources were those from the uplands of the eastern and central Poland, Sudety Mts, and from the regi­on of Istebna in Beskid Mts. Performance of the other populati­ons from Beskid Mountains was average to poor, and all high-altitude populations were poor-growing. The results of this study help to verify the knowledge of genetic variation pattern among Norway spruce populations in Poland, and to guide management decisions regarding spruce planting material.

A model of genetic variation for Pinus ponderosa in the Inland Northwest (U.S.A.): applications in gene resource management

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Rehfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Gene Conservation ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Inland Northwest

Models were developed to describe genetic variation among 201 seedling populations ofPinusponderosa var. ponderosa in the Inland Northwest of the United States. Common-garden studies provided three variables that reflected growth and development in field environments and three principal components of six variables that reflected patterns of shoot elongation. Regression models were developed for describing genetic variation across the landscape. Using functions of latitude, longitude, and elevation as descriptors, these models produced values of R2 that were as large as 0.66, while averaging 0.39. The models described genetic variation as occurring along relatively steep elevational clines and gentle geographic (i.e., latitudinal and longitudinal) clines. An exercise at validating the models with independent data supported their veracity. Predictions made by the models are applied to limiting seed transfer, designing breeding zones, planning gene conservation programs, interpreting phenotypic variation, and predicting the effects of environmental change on the adaptedness of populations.

scholarly journals Drought Sensitivity of Norway Spruce at the Species’ Warmest Fringe: Quantitative and Molecular Analysis Reveals High Genetic Variation Among and Within Provenances

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1225-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Trujillo-Moya ◽  
Jan-Peter George ◽  
Silvia Fluch ◽  
Thomas Geburek ◽  
Michael Grabner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Drought Sensitivity

Drought response of five conifer species under contrasting water availability suggests high vulnerability of Norway spruce and European larch

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3184-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lévesque ◽  
Matthias Saurer ◽  
Rolf Siegwolf ◽  
Britta Eilmann ◽  
Peter Brang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Conifer Species

scholarly journals Drought sensitivity of Norway spruce is higher than that of silver fir along an altitudinal gradient in southwestern Germany

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen ◽  
Hans-Peter Kahle ◽  
Ernst van der Maaten
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Drought Sensitivity

Landscape patterns of phenotypic variation and population structuring in a selfing grass, Elymus glaucus (blue wildrye)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1776-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky J Erickson ◽  
Nancy L Mandel ◽  
Frank C Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Elymus Glaucus

Source-related phenotypic variance was investigated in a common garden study of populations of Elymus glaucus Buckley (blue wildrye) from the Blue Mountain Ecological Province of northeastern Oregon and adjoining Washington. The primary objective of this study was to assess geographic patterns of potentially adaptive differentiation in this self-fertile allotetraploid grass, and use this information to develop a framework for guiding seed movement and preserving adaptive patterns of genetic variation in ongoing restoration work. Progeny of 188 families were grown for 3 years under two moisture treatments and measured for a wide range of traits involving growth, morphology, fecundity, and phenology. Variation among seed sources was analyzed in relation to physiographic and climatic trends, and to various spatial stratifications such as ecoregions, watersheds, edaphic classifications, etc. Principal component (PC) analysis extracted four primary PCs that together accounted for 67% of the variance in measured traits. Regression and cluster analyses revealed predominantly ecotypic or stepped-clinal distribution of genetic variation. Three distinct geographic groups of locations accounted for over 84% of the variation in PC-1 and PC-2 scores; group differences were best described by longitude and ecoregion. Clinal variation in PC-3 and PC-4 scores was present in the largest geographic group. Four geographic subdivisions were proposed for delimiting E. glaucus seed transfer in the Blue Mountains.Key words: Elymus glaucus, morphological variation, local adaptation, seed transfer, seed zones, polyploid.

Structure of genetic variation in vegetative phenology of Cedrela odorata L.: implications for tree breeding

New Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Hernández-Máximo ◽  
J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Javier López-Upton ◽  
Vicente Sánchez-Monsalvo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Vegetative Phenology
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