scholarly journals Above- and Belowground Plant Functional Composition Show Similar Changes During Temperate Forest Swamp Succession

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Kun Hu ◽  
Xu Pan ◽  
Xu-Yan Liu ◽  
Zhi-Xi Fu ◽  
Man-Yin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Functional Composition

Plant functional composition, defined by both community-weighted mean (CWM) traits and functional diversity, can provide insights into plant ecological strategies and community assembly. However, our understanding of plant functional composition during succession is largely based on aboveground traits. Here we investigated community-level traits and functional diversity for six pairs of analogous leaf and fine root traits of understory plants in a temperate forest swamp during succession with a decrease in soil pH and nutrient availability. CWMs of traits related to resource acquisition (including specific leaf area, specific root length, leaf N, leaf P, root N, and root P) decreased with succession, whereas those related to resource conservation (leaf dry matter content, root dry matter content, leaf tissue density, leaf C, and root C) increased along the forest swamp successional gradient. Multi-trait functional dispersion (FDis) of both leaf and fine root traits tended to decrease along the successional gradient, but functional richness and evenness were highest at the middle successional stage. Moreover, FDis of individual plant traits except N showed the same pattern as multi-trait FDis. Soil pH and nutrient availability were the main drivers of successional changes in both CWM traits and FDis. The changes of community-level traits along succession indicated a shift from acquisitive to conservative strategy of understory plants during forest swamp succession. Similar trends in leaf and fine root functional diversity along succession may indicate above- and belowground functional diversity are coordinated during the processes of plant community assembly. These findings of linkages between above- and belowground plant functional composition have important implications for plant community dynamics and assembly rules.

scholarly journals Measurement of fine root tissue density: a comparison of three methods reveals the potential of root dry matter content

2013 ◽  
Vol 374 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Birouste ◽  
Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma ◽  
Carine Bossard ◽  
Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos ◽  
Catherine Roumet
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tissue Density ◽  
Root Tissue Density ◽  
Root Dry Matter Content

scholarly journals Leaf functional trait variation in a humid temperate forest, and relationships with juvenile tree light requirements

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Lusk
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Lifespan ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Shade Leaves

The species-rich arborescent assemblages of humid tropical forests encompass much of the known range of the leaf economics spectrum, often including >20-fold variation in leaf lifespan. This suite of traits underpins a life-history continuum from fast-growing pioneers to slow-growing shade-tolerant species. Less is known about the range of leaf traits in humid temperate forests, and there are conflicting reports about relationships of these traits with the light requirements of temperate evergreen angiosperms. Here I quantify the range of leaf functional traits in a New Zealand temperate evergreen forest, and relationships of these traits with light requirements of juvenile trees and shrubs. Foliage turnover of saplings of 19 evergreen angiosperms growing beneath gaps (12–29% canopy openness) and in understories (1.2–2.9%) was measured over 12 months. Dry mass per area (LMA), dry matter content, thickness, density and nitrogen content (N) of leaves were also measured. Species minimum light requirements were indexed as the 10th percentile of the distribution of saplings in relation to canopy openness. Interspecific variation of leaf lifespan was ∼6-fold in gaps (0.6 to 3.8 yrs), and ∼11-fold in the understorey (0.7 to 7.7 yrs). Six small tree and shrub species are effectively leaf-exchangers, with leaf lifespans of c.1 year in gaps—albeit usually longer in the shade. Interspecific variation in other leaf traits was 2.5 to 4-fold. Lifespans and LMA of both sun and shade leaves were negatively correlated with species light requirements i.e., positively correlated with shade tolerance. However, light environment (gap vs shade) explained about the same amount of variation in LMA as species’ identity did. Species light requirements were not significantly correlated with leaf N, dry matter content, density or thickness—except for a marginally significant correlation with dry matter content of shade leaves. Species light requirements were thus less consistently related to leaf structural traits than appears to be the case in humid tropical forests. Whereas the wide interspecific variation in leaf economic traits of tropical rainforest species outweighs plastic response to light availability, temperate evergreen woody angiosperms appear to occupy a narrower range of the leaf economic spectrum. Standardization of the light environments in which LMA is measured is vital in comparative studies of humid temperate forest evergreens, because of countergradient responses of this trait to light, and because of the relative magnitudes of plastic and interspecific variation in LMA in these forests.

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphate on Cenchrus Ciliaris at Ukiriguru, Western Tanzania

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Western Tanzania

SUMMARYAt Ukiriguru, Western Tanzania, three experiments over 4 years investigated the effects of nitrogen (up to 240 kg. N/ha.) and phosphate (up to 50 kg. P/ha.) on a Cenchrus ciliaris pasture. Dry matter yield increased with up to 160 kg. N and dry matter content also increased with nitrogen, whereas crude protein contents were initially lowered and then increased by the higher rates of nitrogen. These differences are attributed to changes in the leaf/framework ratio. The crude protein yield increased with each nitrogen level. Sulphate of ammonia markedly lowered the soil pH. The only responses to phosphate were when it was cultivated into the top soil, when there was a small increase in yield and a fall in crude protein.

scholarly journals Relationships among the leaf traits in temperate forest tree species in Uttarakhand, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Rawat ◽  
Kusum Arunachalam ◽  
Ayyandar Arunachalam
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Dry Matter Content ◽  
Temperate Forest Ecosystem

Abstract Background: The primary function of the leaf is the production of the food and interchange the gases between the atmosphere and the plant surface. Establishing the relationship among the leaf traits is essential to understand the ecosystem functioning in the forest ecosystem. Here, the present study proposes a framework for species-level relationships between the traits in the temperate forest ecosystem. Methodology: Three morphological (leaf area, specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content), three chemical (leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous content) and six physiological (chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration) leaf traits were analysed in 10 woody tree species of temperate forest using linear mixed modelling. Results: Results showed that the leaf carbon was the only trait influencing the most to leaf area, specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content and leads to maximum variation in the functioning of the forest ecosystem. Conclusion: The results suggested that consideration of plant traits, and especially the leaf traits, increases the ability to describe variation in the functioning of the forest ecosystem. This study indicated that leaf carbon act as the significant predictor of leaf trait variation among the different species in the temperate forest ecosystem of the Indian Himalayan region.

Effects of high levels of fertilizer on yield of potatoes grown for ware

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. A. Rodger ◽  
G. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content

SUMMARYNine experiments in the East of Scotland were completed in the years 1966, 1967 and 1968 to test the response of potatoes grown for ware to five levels of a 15½–15½–21 fertilizer applied at rates of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 cwt per acre.1. Mean yield of ware tubers increased up to the highest fertilizer level.2. Mean yield of small tubers increased only up to the 8 cwt per acre level and then declined.3. Dry matter content of ware tubers decreased with increasing levels of fertilizer.4. Increasing fertilizer levels lowered soil pH. At one site this was associated with a significant reduction of common scab on the tubers.

Traits including leaf dry matter content and leaf pH dominate over forest soil pH as drivers of litter decomposition among 60 species

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1798-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Tao ◽  
Juan Zuo ◽  
Ze He ◽  
Yuping Wang ◽  
Jinchun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Dry Matter Content

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

1239 Sources of variation in dry matter content and particle size distribution in total mixed rations in dairy farms in Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 596-597
Author(s):  
P. Turiello ◽  
M. Ruiz de Huidobro ◽  
F. Bargo ◽  
A. Larriestra ◽  
A. Relling
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sources Of Variation
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