scholarly journals Pluronic F-68 Improves Callus Proliferation of Recalcitrant Rice Cultivar via Enhanced Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Nutrients Uptake

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew De-Xian Kok ◽  
Nur Fatihah Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Rogayah Sekeli ◽  
Chien-Yeong Wee ◽  
Dhilia Udie Lamasudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Callus Proliferation ◽  
Growth Promoting

Pluronic F-68 (PF-68) is a non-ionic surfactant used in plant tissue culture as a growth additive. Despite its usage as a plant growth enhancer, the mechanism underlying the growth-promoting effects of PF-68 remains largely unknown. Hence, this study was undertaken to elucidate the growth-promoting mechanism of PF-68 using recalcitrant MR 219 callus as a model. Supplementation of 0.04% PF-68 (optimum concentration) was shown to enhance callus proliferation. The treated callus recorded enhanced sugar content, protein content, and glutamate synthase activity as exemplified in the comparative proteome analysis, showing protein abundance involved in carbohydrate metabolism (alpha amylase), protein biosynthesis (ribosomal proteins), and nitrogen metabolism (glutamate synthase), which are crucial to plant growth and development. Moreover, an increase in nutrients uptake was also noted with potassium topping the list, suggesting a vital role of K in governing plant growth. In contrast, 0.10% PF-68 (high concentration) induced stress response in the callus, revealing an increment in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, malondialdehyde content, and peroxidase activity, which were consistent with high abundance of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and peroxiredoxin proteins detected and concomitant with a reduced level of esterase activity. The data highlighted that incorporation of PF-68 at optimum concentration improved callus proliferation of recalcitrant MR 219 through enhanced carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and nutrient uptake. However, growth-promoting effects of PF-68 are concentration dependent.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria improve growth and nitrogen metabolism in maize and sorghum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro Alves Aquino ◽  
Jadson Emanuel Lopes Antunes ◽  
Aurenívia Bonifácio ◽  
Sandra Mara Barbosa Rocha ◽  
Marineide Rodrigues Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Exogenous Spermidine on Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings Exposed to Saline-alkaline Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hui Hu ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
Zhi-Rong Zou ◽  
Fei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Exogenous Spermidine

We studied the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on plant growth and nitrogen metabolism in two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) that have differential sensitivity to mixed salinity-alkalinity stress: ‘Jinpeng Chaoguan’ (salt-tolerant) and ‘Zhongza No. 9’ (salt-sensitive). Seedling growth of both tomato cultivars was inhibited by salinity-alkalinity stress, but Spd treatment alleviated the growth reduction to some extent, especially in ‘Zhongza No. 9’. Exogenous Spd may help reduce stress-induced increases in free amino acids, ammonium (NH4+) contents, and NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) activities; depress stress-induced decreases in soluble protein and nitrate content; and depress nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase (GS), NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities, especially for ‘Zhongza No. 9’. Based on our results, we suggest that exogenous Spd promotes the assimilation of excess toxic NH4+ by coordinating and strengthening the synergistic action of NADH-GDH, GS/NADH-GOGAT, and transamination pathways, all during saline-alkaline stress. Subsequently, NH4+ and its related enzymes (GDH, GS, GOGAT, GOT, and GPT), in vivo, are maintained in a proper and balanced state to enable mitigation of stress-resulted damages. These results suggest that exogenous Spd treatment can relieve nitrogen metabolic disturbances caused by salinity-alkalinity stress and eventually promote plant growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Brassinosteroids on Photosynthetic Performance and Nitrogen Metabolism in Pepper Seedlings under Chilling Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Zhonghua Bian
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Glutamine Synthase ◽  
Pepper Leaves ◽  
Positive Effect

To investigate the effects of brassinosteroids on plant growth and nitrogen metabolism in pepper seedlings under chilling stress, pepper seedlings with three true leaves were foliar pretreated with 0.1 μM exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) before carrying out chilling stress for 7 days. The results showed that perapplication of EBR mitigated the chill-induced decrease in plant growth via maintenance of a high net photosynthetic rate (Anet), maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP). Exogenous EBR markedly increased the levels of partial free amino acids (proline, arginine, aspartic acid, and glycine) and promoted nitrogen metabolism through increasing the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in the leaves of pepper seedlings under chilling stress. The effect of exogenous EBR on the content of reactive oxygen species was also investigated. Pretreatment with EBR reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2−·), and concomitantly alleviated membrane lipid peroxidation of pepper leaves under chilling stress. These results suggest that foliar pretreatment of EBR has a positive effect on improving the chilling tolerance of pepper seedlings via maintaining a high photosynthetic capability and enhancing the nitrogen metabolism.

scholarly journals Sodium lignosulfonate improves shoot growth of Oryza sativa via enhancement of photosynthetic activity and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew De-Xian Kok ◽  
Wan Muhamad Asrul Nizam Wan Abdullah ◽  
Chu-Nie Tang ◽  
Lee-Yoon Low ◽  
Mohd Hafis Yuswan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Reaction Center ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Reaction Center Protein ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

AbstractLignosulfonate (LS) is a by-product obtained during sulfite pulping process and is commonly used as a growth enhancer in plant growth. However, the underlying growth promoting mechanism of LS on shoot growth remains largely unknown. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the potential application of eco-friendly ion-chelated LS complex [sodium LS (NaLS) and calcium LS (CaLS)] to enhance recalcitrant indica rice MR 219 shoot growth and to elucidate its underlying growth promoting mechanisms. In this study, the shoot apex of MR 219 rice was grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different ion chelated LS complex (NaLS and CaLS) at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/L The NaLS was shown to be a better shoot growth enhancer as compared to CaLS, with optimum concentration of 300 mg/L. Subsequent comparative proteomic analysis revealed an increase of photosynthesis-related proteins [photosystem II (PSII) CP43 reaction center protein, photosystem I (PSI) iron-sulfur center, PSII CP47 reaction center protein, PSII protein D1], ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 3, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase) and stress regulator proteins (peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase A4, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1) abundance in NaLS-treated rice as compared to the control (MSO). Consistent with proteins detected, a significant increase in biochemical analyses involved in photosynthetic activities, carbohydrate metabolism and protein biosynthesis such as total chlorophyll, rubisco activity, total sugar and total protein contents were observed in NaLS-treated rice. This implies that NaLS plays a role in empowering photosynthesis activities that led to plant growth enhancement. In addition, the increased in abundance of stress regulator proteins were consistent with low levels of peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity observed in NaLS-treated rice. These results suggest that NaLS plays a role in modulating cellular homeostasis to provide a conducive cellular environment for plant growth. Taken together, NaLS improved shoot growth of recalcitrant MR 219 rice by upregulation of photosynthetic activities and reduction of ROS accumulation leading to better plant growth.

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