scholarly journals Visual Hand Recognition in Hand Laterality and Self-Other Discrimination Tasks: Relationships to Autistic Traits and Positive Body Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Kuroki ◽  
Takao Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
The Self ◽  
Motor Simulation ◽  
Hand Laterality ◽  
Implicit Motor ◽  
Hand Recognition ◽  
Laterality Judgment

In a study concerning visual body part recognition, a “self-advantage” effect, whereby self-related body stimuli are processed faster and more accurately than other-related body stimuli, was revealed, and the emergence of this effect is assumed to be tightly linked to implicit motor simulation, which is activated when performing a hand laterality judgment task in which hand ownership is not explicitly required. Here, we ran two visual hand recognition tasks, namely, a hand laterality judgment task and a self-other discrimination task, to investigate (i) whether the self-advantage emerged even if implicit motor imagery was assumed to be working less efficiently and (ii) how individual traits [such as autistic traits and the extent of positive self-body image, as assessed via the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2), respectively] modulate performance in these hand recognition tasks. Participants were presented with hand images in two orientations [i.e., upright (egocentric) and upside-down (allocentric)] and asked to judge whether it was a left or right hand (an implicit hand laterality judgment task). They were also asked to determine whether it was their own, or another person’s hand (an explicit self-other discrimination task). Data collected from men and women were analyzed separately. The self-advantage effect in the hand laterality judgment task was not revealed, suggesting that only two orientation conditions are not enough to trigger this motor simulation. Furthermore, the men’s group showed a significant positive correlation between AQ scores and reaction times (RTs) in the laterality judgment task, while the women’s group showed a significant negative correlation between AQ scores and differences in RTs and a significant positive correlation between BAS-2 scores and dprime in the self-other discrimination task. These results suggest that men and women differentially adopt specific strategies and/or execution processes for implicit and explicit hand recognition tasks.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Internal Motor Imagery and Motor Inhibition in School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Cuiping Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yanlin Zhou ◽  
Feifei Nan ◽  
Guohua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hand Laterality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Internal Motor ◽  
Laterality Judgment

Functional equivalence hypothesis and motor-cognitive model both posit that motor imagery performance involves inhibition of overt physical movement and thus engages control processes. As motor inhibition in internal motor imagery has been fairly well studied in adults, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation between internal motor imagery and motor inhibition in children. A total of 73 children (7-year-olds: 23, 9-year-olds: 27, and 11-year-olds: 23) participated the study. Motor inhibition was assessed with a stop-signal task, and motor imagery abilities were measured with a hand laterality judgment task and an alphanumeric rotation task, respectively. Overall, for all age groups, response time in both motor imagery tasks increased with rotation angles. Moreover, all children’s response times in both tasks decreased with age, their accuracy increased with age, and their motor inhibition efficiency increased with age. We found a significant difference between 7-year-olds and 9-year-olds in the hand laterality judgment task, suggesting that the involvement of motor inhibition in internal motor imagery might change with age. Our results reveal the underlying processes of internal motor imagery development, and furthermore, provide practical implications for movement rehabilitation of children.

A Sensorimotor Network for the Bodily Self

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1584-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ferri ◽  
Francesca Frassinetti ◽  
Martina Ardizzi ◽  
Marcello Costantini ◽  
Vittorio Gallese
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
General Representation ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Hand Laterality ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Laterality Judgment

Neuroscientists and philosophers, among others, have long questioned the contribution of bodily experience to the constitution of self-consciousness. Contemporary research answers this question by focusing on the notions of sense of agency and/or sense of ownership. Recently, however, it has been proposed that the bodily self might also be rooted in bodily motor experience, that is, in the experience of oneself as instantiating a bodily structure that enables a specific range of actions. In the current fMRI study, we tested this hypothesis by making participants undergo a hand laterality judgment task, which is known to be solved by simulating a motor rotation of one's own hand. The stimulus to be judged was either the participant's own hand or the hand of a stranger. We used this task to investigate whether mental rotation of pictures depicting one's own hands leads to a different activation of the sensorimotor areas as compared with the mental rotation of pictures depicting another's hand. We revealed a neural network for the general representation of the bodily self encompassing the SMA and pre-SMA, the anterior insula, and the occipital cortex, bilaterally. Crucially, the representation of one's own dominant hand turned out to be primarily confined to the left premotor cortex. Our data seem to support the existence of a sense of bodily self encased within the sensorimotor system. We propose that such a sensorimotor representation of the bodily self might help us to differentiate our own body from that of others.

scholarly journals Effects of Hand Orientation on Motor Imagery - Event Related Potentials Suggest Kinesthetic Motor Imagery to Solve the Hand Laterality Judgment Task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e76515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijtje L. A. Jongsma ◽  
Ruud G. J. Meulenbroek ◽  
Judith Okely ◽  
C. Marjolein Baas ◽  
Rob H. J. van der Lubbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Hand Orientation ◽  
Hand Laterality ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Laterality Judgment

scholarly journals Motor imagery practice benefits during arm immobilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Debarnot ◽  
Aurore. A. Perrault ◽  
Virginie Sterpenich ◽  
Guillaume Legendre ◽  
Chieko Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Functional Rehabilitation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Hand Laterality ◽  
Cortical Representations ◽  
Laterality Judgment

AbstractMotor imagery (MI) is known to engage motor networks and is increasingly used as a relevant strategy in functional rehabilitation following immobilization, whereas its effects when applied during immobilization remain underexplored. Here, we hypothesized that MI practice during 11 h of arm-immobilization prevents immobilization-related changes at the sensorimotor and cortical representations of hand, as well as on sleep features. Fourteen participants were tested after a normal day (without immobilization), followed by two 11-h periods of immobilization, either with concomitant MI treatment or control tasks, one week apart. At the end of each condition, participants were tested on a hand laterality judgment task, then underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure cortical excitability of the primary motor cortices (M1), followed by a night of sleep during which polysomnography data was recorded. We show that MI treatment applied during arm immobilization had beneficial effects on (1) the sensorimotor representation of hands, (2) the cortical excitability over M1 contralateral to arm-immobilization, and (3) sleep spindles over both M1s during the post-immobilization night. Furthermore, (4) the time spent in REM sleep was significantly longer, following the MI treatment. Altogether, these results support that implementing MI during immobilization may limit deleterious effects of limb disuse, at several levels of sensorimotor functioning.

Self-Concept of Academic Ability as a Function of Sex, Age, and Academic Achievement among African Adolescents

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mzobanzi M. Mboya
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Academic Ability ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Age Variations

This study examined (a) sex and age variations for scores on Self-concept of Academic Ability and academic achievement among 244 African adolescents attending a coeducational high school and (b) correlations between scores on Self-concept of Academic Ability and academic achievement by sex and age. No significant sex differences were found, but there were significant age differences on the Self-concept scores and measures of English, science, and history but not in mathematics. A significant positive correlation was found between Self-concept scores and academic achievement for boys and girls and in all age groups, but the magnitude of the correlations with achievement in mathematics was stronger among boys than among girls.

scholarly journals Altered neuronal habituation to hearing others’ pain in adults with autistic traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Meng ◽  
Zuoshan Li ◽  
Lin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Passive Listening ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Listening Task

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that autistic traits influence the neuronal habituation that underlies the processing of others’ pain. Based on their autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), two groups of participants were classified according to their autistic traits: High-AQ and Low-AQ groups. Their event-related potentials in response to trains of three identical audio recordings, exhibiting either painful or neutral feelings of others, were compared during three experimental tasks. (1) In a Pain Judgment Task, participants were instructed to focus on pain-related cues in the presented audio recordings. (2) In a Gender Judgment Task, participants were instructed to focus on non-pain-related cues in the presented audio recordings. (3) In a Passive Listening Task, participants were instructed to passively listen. In the High-AQ group, an altered empathic pattern of habituation, indexed by frontal-central P2 responses of the second repeated painful audio recordings, was found during the Passive Listening Task. Nevertheless, both High-AQ and Low-AQ groups exhibited similar patterns of habituation to hearing others’ voices, both neutral and painful, in the Pain Judgment and Gender Judgment Tasks. These results suggest altered empathic neuronal habituation in the passive processing of others’ vocal pain by individuals with autistic traits.

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