scholarly journals DNA Methylation in Healthy Older Adults With a History of Childhood Adversity—Findings From the Women 40+ Healthy Aging Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Fiacco ◽  
Elena Silvia Gardini ◽  
Laura Mernone ◽  
Lea Schick ◽  
Ulrike Ehlert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Rethinking childhood adversity in chronic fatigue syndrome

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Clark ◽  
Sean Davidson ◽  
Laura Maclachlan ◽  
Megan Lynn ◽  
Julia L Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
History Of

Objectives: Previous studies have consistently shown increased rates of childhood adversity in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, such aetiopathogenic studies of CFS are potentially confounded by co-morbidity and misdiagnosis particularly with depression. We used a modelling approach with existing data and data generated in our examination of the rates of childhood adversity in a sample of CFS patients who had no lifetime history of depression. Methods: The childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) was completed by a sample of 52 participants and 19 controls with chronic fatigue syndrome who did not meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder (confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV). Subsequently, Mediation Analysis (Baye’s Rules) was used to establish the risk childhood adversity poses for CFS with and without depression. Results: In a cohort of CFS patients with depression robustly excluded, CTQ scores were markedly lower than in all previous studies and, in contrast to these previous studies, not increased compared with healthy controls. Post-hoc analysis showed that CTQ scores correlated with the number of depressive symptoms during the lifetime worst period of low mood. The probability of developing CFS given a history of childhood trauma was shown to be 4%, a two-fold increased risk compared to the general population. However, much of this risk is mediated by the concomitant development of major depression. Discussion: The data suggests that previous studies showing a relationship between childhood adversity and CFS may be mediated by depression

scholarly journals Anticipatory postural adjustments and spatial organization of motor cortex: evidence of adaptive compensations in healthy older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 2796-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Armour Smith ◽  
Beth E. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Anticipatory Postural Adjustments ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Postural Adjustments ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Oblique

During anticipated postural perturbations induced by limb movement, the central nervous system generates anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in the trunk and hip musculature to minimize disturbances to equilibrium. Age-related changes in functional organization of the nervous system may contribute to changes in APAs in healthy older adults. Here we examined if altered APAs of trunk/hip musculature in older adults are accompanied by changes in the representation of these muscles in motor cortex. Twelve healthy older adults, 5 with a history of falls and 7 nonfallers, were compared with 13 young adults. APAs were assessed during a mediolateral arm raise task in standing. Temporal organization of postural adjustments was quantified as latency of APAs in the contralateral external oblique, lumbar paraspinals, and gluteus medius relative to activation of the deltoid. Spatial organization was quantified as extent of synergistic coactivation between muscles. Volume and location of the muscle representations in motor cortex were mapped using transcranial magnetic stimulation. We found that older adults demonstrated significantly delayed APAs in the gluteus medius muscle. Spatial organization of the three muscles in motor cortex differed between groups, with the older adults demonstrating more lateral external oblique representation than the other two muscles. Separate comparisons of the faller and nonfaller subgroups with young adults indicated that nonfallers had the greatest delay in gluteus medius APAs and a reduced distance between the representational areas of the lumbar paraspinals and gluteus medius. This study indicates that altered spatial organization of motor cortex accompanies altered temporal organization of APA synergies in older adults. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Anticipatory postural adjustments are a critical component of postural control. Here we demonstrate that, in healthy older adults with and without a history of falls, delayed anticipatory postural adjustments in the hip musculature during mediolateral perturbations are accompanied by altered organization of trunk/hip muscle representation in motor cortex. The largest adaptations are evident in older adults with no history of falls.

Preconception lifestyle intervention in obese infertile women is more effective for those with a history of childhood adversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. S10
Author(s):  
Lotte van Dammen ◽  
Nicole Bush ◽  
Susanne de Rooij ◽  
Cornelieke van de Beek ◽  
Henk Groen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
History Of

970. Binge Drinking Associated with Hippocampal Structural and Functional Abnormalities in Adults with a History of Childhood Adversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S392-S393
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ipser ◽  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Hetta Gouse ◽  
Carla Freeman ◽  
John Joska
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals DNA methylation and cognitive functioning in healthy older adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga J. G. Schiepers ◽  
Martin P. J. van Boxtel ◽  
Renate H. M. de Groot ◽  
Jelle Jolles ◽  
Frans J. Kok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

Long-term supplementation with folic acid may improve cognitive performance in older individuals. The relationship between folate status and cognitive performance might be mediated by changes in methylation capacity, as methylation reactions are important for normal functioning of the brain. Although aberrant DNA methylation has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, the relationship between DNA methylation status and non-pathological cognitive functioning in human subjects has not yet been investigated. The present study investigated the associations between global DNA methylation and key domains of cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. Global DNA methylation, defined as the percentage of methylated cytosine to total cytosine, was measured in leucocytes by liquid chromatography–MS/MS, in 215 men and women, aged 50–70 years, who participated in the Folic Acid and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (FACIT) study (clinical trial registration number NCT00110604). Cognitive performance was assessed by means of the Visual Verbal Word Learning Task, the Stroop Colour-Word Interference Test, the Concept Shifting Test, the Letter–Digit Substitution Test and the Verbal Fluency Test. Using hierarchical linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, level of education, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, erythrocyte folate concentration and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C → T genotype, we found that global DNA methylation was not related to cognitive performance on any of the domains measured. The present study results do not support the hypothesis that global DNA methylation, as measured in leucocytes, might be associated with cognitive functioning in healthy older individuals.

scholarly journals Does Familial Educational Attainment Predict Sleep Quality Trajectories for Older Adults in Mexico?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 594-594
Author(s):  
Margarita Osuna ◽  
Connor Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Quality Sleep ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Children’S Education

Abstract Researchers have stressed the importance of sleep for healthy aging and longevity. However, there are few population-level studies of sleep quality focusing on older adults in Latin America and Mexico in particular. The objective of this study is to examine the associations between personal and familial educational attainment on sleep quality. We utilized data from the 2001-2015 Mexican Health and Aging Study (N=4,164; MHAS). Our sample consisted of older adults (aged 50+), married with children. We predicted longitudinal reports of restless sleep across four waves of MHAS using mixed-effects logistic regression. We found that lower levels of respondents’ education, their spouses’ education, and their children’s’ education were associated with lower levels of sleep quality. When the measures of education were included in the same model, one’s own education and children’s education remained significantly associated with quality sleep. Our results stress the importance of familial educational attainment for sleep in Mexico.

scholarly journals Prospective study of the link between overweight/obesity and diabetes incidence among Mexican older adults: 2001-2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Pinto ◽  
Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
History Of

Objective. To prospectively assess the relationship between overweight/obesity and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Mexicans aged 50+, assessing effects of age, genetic predisposition, education, physical activity, and place of esidence. Materials and methods. The Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) was used to prospectively follow respondents free of diabetes in 2001 who became diabetic by 2012. Multivariate random effects logistic regression was used to assess covariates effects on the incidence of T2DM. Results. Obese or overweight individuals at baseline (2001) were about 3 and 2 times, respectively, significantly more likely to become diabetic by 2012. Genetic predisposition increases the risk of diabetes by about three times compared to those with no family history of diabetes. Conclusion. Overweight/ obesity and genetic predisposition are the primary drivers of diabetes incidence among Mexican older adults. Reducing body weight and having access to health care may ameliorate the disease burden of T2DM.

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