scholarly journals Longitudinal Structural MRI Findings in Individuals at Genetic and Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Merritt ◽  
Pedro Luque Laguna ◽  
Ayela Irfan ◽  
Anthony S. David
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Gray Matter Loss

Background: Several cross-sectional studies report brain structure differences between healthy volunteers and subjects at genetic or clinical high risk of developing schizophrenia. However, longitudinal studies are important to determine whether altered trajectories of brain development precede psychosis onset.Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine if brain trajectories differ between (i) those with psychotic experiences (PE), genetic (GHR) or clinical high risk (CHR), compared to healthy volunteers, and (ii) those who transition to psychosis compared to those who do not.Results: Thirty-eight studies measured gray matter and 18 studies measured white matter in 2,473 high risk subjects and 990 healthy volunteers. GHR, CHR, and PE subjects show an accelerated decline in gray matter primarily in temporal, and also frontal, cingulate and parietal cortex. In those who remain symptomatic or transition to psychosis, gray matter loss is more pronounced in these brain regions. White matter volume and fractional anisotropy, which typically increase until early adulthood, did not change or reduced in high risk subjects in the cingulum, thalamic radiation, cerebellum, retrolenticular part of internal capsule, and hippocampal–thalamic tracts. In those who transitioned, white matter volume and fractional anisotropy reduced over time in the inferior and superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, corpus callosum, anterior limb of the internal capsule, superior corona radiate, and calcarine cortex.Conclusion: High risk subjects show deficits in white matter maturation and an accelerated decline in gray matter. Gray matter loss is more pronounced in those who transition to psychosis, but may normalize by early adulthood in remitters.

Cerebral gray matter and white matter volume deficits in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa

1996 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra K. Katzman ◽  
Evelyn K. Lambe ◽  
David J. Mikulis ◽  
Jeanne N. Ridgley ◽  
David S. Goldbloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Gray matter and white matter volume loss in anorexia nervosa

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
R.B. Zipursky ◽  
E.K. Lambe ◽  
D. Goldbloom ◽  
J. Ridgley ◽  
D.J. Mikulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

IC-P-014: Differences of gray matter and white matter volume in Alzheimer's disease and subcortical ischemic vascular dementia

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S10-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Won Yang ◽  
Yun Jeong Hong ◽  
A.-Hyun Cho ◽  
Bora Yoon ◽  
Yong Soo Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Global and regional volume changes in the brains of patients with phenylketonuria

Neurology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1074-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pérez-Dueñas ◽  
J. Pujol ◽  
C. Soriano-Mas ◽  
H. Ortiz ◽  
R. Artuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Matter Volume

Background: Although phenylketonuria is a treatable disease, patients with late or nonoptimal phenylalanine-restricted diet may experience brain damage. The authors used tridimensional MRI and a voxelwise analysis method to investigate possible volume changes in the brain parenchyma of patients with phenylketonuria.Methods: The authors assessed 27 treated patients (mean age ± SD, 20 ± 7 years) and 27 matched control subjects. Global tissue volumes were compared, and statistical parametric maps of between-group regional volume differences were obtained for gray and white matter. Anatomic data were correlated with relevant clinical and biochemical variables.Results: Patients with phenylketonuria showed smaller gray matter volumes that were associated with lower IQ and older age at diagnosis. Voxel-based maps revealed that significant gray matter volume reduction occurred in motor and premotor cortex and thalamus. A relative increase in gray matter volume was observed in the ventral part of the striatum. The authors found no group differences for global white matter measurements. Higher recent phenylalanine levels, however, were associated with larger global white matter volume in early-treated patients. Voxel-based maps showed a relative volume reduction in periventricular white matter and a relative increase in the region of the internal capsule, extending to the adjacent thalamus and striatum.Conclusions: Treated patients may show significant gray and white matter volume changes related to the duration and strict observation of dietary treatment. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the presence of neurologic symptoms may be explained by specific anatomic alterations.

Reduced gray matter volume in patients with retinal detachment: evidence from a voxel-based morphometry study

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Biao Li ◽  
Yu-Xin Liu ◽  
Hai-Jun Li ◽  
Qing Yuan ◽  
Pei-Wen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Brain White Matter

Background We know little about the pathogenesis and diagnosis of retinal detachment. Purpose To assess spontaneous changes in the cerebral cortex of patients with retinal detachment using voxel-based morphometry and to explore the relationship between retinal detachment and clinical behavioral performance. Material and Methods Patients (14 men, 6 women; average age = 49.15 ± 10.32 years) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (duration of 24.05 ± 19.61 days) and 20 matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The original three-dimensional T1 brain images were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and whole brain white matter volume and whole brain gray matter volume were compared with those of the control group. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to classify the mean gray matter volume values of the patients with retinal detachment compared with the controls. Results Compared with the controls, whole brain gray matter volume was significantly reduced in patients with retinal detachment, as evidenced by changes in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right anterior cingulate gyrus, and right cuneus. In addition, the posterior lobe of the cerebellum, left hippocampus, left cingulate gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus were also obviously atrophied. Furthermore, whole brain white matter volume of the patients with retinal detachment showed a slight reduction. The ROC curve analysis of each brain region showed that the accuracy of the area under the curve was high. Conclusion We proved that patients with retinal detachment had unusual changes in the gray matter volume and white matter volume in vision-related brain regions, which could reveal potential pathological mechanisms of retinal detachment.

Abnormal gray matter and white matter volume in ‘Internet gaming addicts’

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Guangheng Dong ◽  
Qiandong Wang ◽  
Xiaoxia Du
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Internet Gaming

scholarly journals Neuroprotection after a first episode of mania: a randomized controlled maintenance trial comparing the effects of lithium and quetiapine on grey and white matter volume

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e1011-e1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Berk ◽  
O Dandash ◽  
R Daglas ◽  
S M Cotton ◽  
K Allott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Lithium and quetiapine are effective treatments for bipolar disorder, but their potential neuroprotective effects in humans remain unclear. A single blinded equivalence randomized controlled maintenance trial was conducted in a prospective cohort of first-episode mania (FEM) patients (n=26) to longitudinally compare the putative protective effects of lithium and quetapine on grey and white matter volume. A healthy control sample was also collected (n=20). Using structural MRI scans, voxel-wise grey and white matter volumes at baseline and changes over time in response to treatment were investigated. Patients were assessed at three time points (baseline, 3 and 12-month follow-up), whereas healthy controls were assessed at two time points (baseline and 12-month follow-up). Patients were randomized to lithium (serum level 0.6 mmol l−1, n=20) or quetiapine (flexibly dosed up to 800 mg per day, n=19) monotherapy. At baseline, compared with healthy control subjects, patients with FEM showed reduced grey matter in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, inferior frontal gyrus and cerebellum. In addition, patients had reduced internal capsule white matter volume bilaterally (t 1,66>3.20, P<0.01). Longitudinally, there was a significant treatment × time effect only in the white matter of the left internal capsule (F2,112=8.54, P<0.01). Post hoc testing showed that, compared with baseline, lithium was more effective than quetiapine in slowing the progression of white matter volume reduction after 12 months (t 1,24=3.76, P<0.01). Our data support the role of lithium but not quetiapine therapy in limiting white matter reduction early in the illness course after FEM.

scholarly journals Menstrual Cycle Variations in Gray Matter Volume, White Matter Volume and Functional Connectivity: Critical Impact on Parietal Lobe

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Meeker ◽  
Dieuwke S. Veldhuijzen ◽  
Michael L. Keaser ◽  
Rao P. Gullapalli ◽  
Joel D. Greenspan
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Matter Volume

The role of gonadal hormones in neural plasticity remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of naturally fluctuating hormone levels over the menstrual cycle in healthy females. Gray matter, functional connectivity (FC) and white matter changes over the cycle were assessed by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), resting state fMRI, and structural MRIs, respectively, and associated with serum gonadal hormone levels. Moreover, electrocutaneous sensitivity was evaluated in 14 women in four phases of their menstrual cycle (menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, and luteal). Electrocutaneous sensitivity was greater during follicular compared to menstrual phase. Additionally, pain unpleasantness was lower in follicular phase than other phases while pain intensity ratings did not change over the cycle. Significant variations in cycle phase effects on gray matter volume were found in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) using voxel-based morphometry. Subsequent Freesurfer analysis revealed greater thickness of left IPL during the menstrual phase when compared to other phases. Also, white matter volume fluctuated across phases in left IPL. Blood estradiol was positively correlated with white matter volume both in left parietal cortex and whole cortex. Seed-driven FC between left IPL and right secondary visual cortex was enhanced during ovulatory phase. A seed placed in right IPL revealed enhanced FC between left and right IPL during the ovulatory phase. Additionally, we found that somatosensory cortical gray matter was thinner during follicular compared to menstrual phase. We discuss these results in the context of likely evolutionary pressures selecting for enhanced perceptual sensitivity across modalities specifically during ovulation.

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