scholarly journals A Research Domain Criteria Approach to Gambling Disorder and Behavioral Addictions: Decision-Making, Response Inhibition, and the Role of Cannabidiol

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pallanti ◽  
Anna Marras ◽  
Nikolaos Makris
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Behavioral Addictions ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Research Domain

Gambling Disorder (GD) has been recently re-classified in the DSM-5 under the “substance-related and addictive disorders,” in light of its genetic, endophenotypic, and phenotypic resemblances to substance dependence. Diminished control is a core defining concept of psychoactive substance dependence or addiction and has given rise to the concept of “behavioral” addictions, which are syndromes analogous to substance addiction, but with a behavioral focus other than ingestion of a psychoactive substance. The main symptom clusters are represented by loss of control, craving/withdrawal, and neglect of other areas of life, whereas in a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) perspective, GD patients exhibit deficits in the domain of “Positive valence systems,” particularly in the “Approach motivation” and “Reward learning” constructs, as well as in the “Cognitive systems,” primarily in the “Cognitive control” construct. In the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA), three relevant domains for addictions emerge: “Incentive salience,” “Negative Emotionality,” and “Executive Function.” The endocannabinoid system (ECS) may largely modulate these circuits, presenting a promising pharmaceutical avenue for treating addictions. Up to now, research on cannabidiol has shown some efficacy in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), whereas in behavioral addictions its role has not been fully elucidated, as well as its precise action on RDoC domains. Herein, we review available evidence on RDoC domains affected in GD and behavioral addictions and summarize insights on the use of cannabidiol in those disorders and its potential mechanisms of action on reward, decisional, and sensorimotor processes.

Positive Mood States and Gambling Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 366-379
Author(s):  
Sarah W. Yip ◽  
Zu Wei Zhai ◽  
Iris M. Balodis ◽  
Marc N. Potenza
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Control ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Approach Motivation ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Research Domain

Gambling problems are experienced by about 1% of the adult population, with higher estimates reported in adolescents. Both positive and negative motivations for gambling exist and may contribute to gambling problems. Positive valence disturbances involving how people process rewards, including monetary rewards relevant to gambling, have been reported in gambling disorder and have been associated with the disorder and clinically relevant measures relating to impaired impulse control. Positive valence systems as they relate to gambling disorder and clinically relevant features thereof are considered in this chapter. Findings from neuroimaging data related to the positive valence system constructs of approach motivation, initial and sustained/longer term responsiveness to reward, habit and reward learning are reviewed. Possible interactions between positive valence systems and other Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) systems are also discussed within the context of gambling disorder, as is how the application of an RDoC framework can be used to further understanding of gambling disorder.

scholarly journals Research Domain Criteria: cognitive systems, neural circuits, and dimensions of behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Research Domain

Current diagnostic systems for mental disorders were established before the tools of neuroscience were available, and although they have improved the reliability of psychiatric classification, progress toward the discovery of disease etiologies and novel approaches to treatment and prevention may benefit from alternative conceptualizations of mental disorders. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative is the centerpiece of NIMH's effort to achieve its strategic goal of developing new methods to classify mental disorders for research purposes. The RDoC matrix provides a research framework that encourages investigators to reorient their research perspective by taking a dimensional approach to the study of the genetic, neural, and behavioral features of mental disorders, RDoCs integrative approach includes cognition along with social processes, arousal/regulatory systems, and negative and positive valence systems as the major domains, because these neurobehavioral systems have all evolved to serve the motivational and adaptive needs of the organism. With its focus on neural circuits informed by the growing evidence of the neurodevelopmental nature of many disorders and its capacity to capture the patterns of co-occurrence of behaviors and symptoms, the RDoC approach holds promise to advance our understanding of the nature of mental disorders.

Positive Valence System Dysregulation in Psychosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 251-283
Author(s):  
Deanna M. Barch ◽  
David Pagliaccio ◽  
Katherine Luking
Keyword(s):  
Action Selection ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
Hedonic Experience ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Hedonic Processing ◽  
Research Domain

Motivational and hedonic impairments cut across diagnostic categories, are core aspects of psychopathology, and may be crucial for understanding pathways to development and maintenance of psychopathology. Given the pervasive nature of motivational and hedonic deficits across psychopathology forms, the Research Domain Criteria initiative includes a “positive valence” systems domain that outlines constructs critical for understanding motivational and hedonic impairments in psychopathology. These constructs include initial responsiveness to reward, reward anticipation or expectancy, incentive or reinforcement learning, effort valuation, and action selection. The chapter reviews behavioral and neuroimaging studies providing evidence for construct impairments in in individuals with psychosis versus individuals with depressive pathology. Evidence suggests there are meaningful differences in reward-related and hedonic deficits associated with psychosis versus depression. These differences have implications for understanding the differential etiology of these forms of psychopathology and the ways treatment development may need to proceed for each domain. The literature suggests that individuals with depressive pathology experience impairments of in-the-moment hedonics or “liking,” particularly among those who experience anhedonia. Given that hedonic experience is the basis in many ways for all other aspects of motivational function, such deficits may propagate forward and contribute to impairments in other constructs dependent on hedonic responses. In contrast, individuals with psychosis have relatively intact in-the-moment hedonic processing, instead experiencing impairments in process aspects that translate reward to action selection. More specifically, individuals with schizophrenia exhibit altered reward prediction and associated striatal and prefrontal activation, impaired reward learning, and impaired reward-modulated action selection.

Brain Reward Systems and Apathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-211
Author(s):  
Stefan Kaiser ◽  
Florian Schlagenhauf
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Reward Systems ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Research Domain ◽  
Value Representation

Reward is essential for motivating goal-directed behaviour. Impairment in the processing of reward is therefore a promising candidate for understanding apathy which has been defined as a loss of motivation and a quantitative reduction of goal-directed behaviour. This chapter employs the recently updated Research Domain Criteria framework for positive valence systems to provide an overview of reward system functions that have been associated with apathy, including reward anticipation, reward consumption, learning and prediction error, value representation, and integration of effort. For each construct, the concept and the measures on the behavioural and neural level are discussed. The chapter then provides examples from the schizophrenia literature on the association of apathy with these functions and gives a transdiagnostic perspective on the role of reward system dysfunction.

scholarly journals A transdiagnostic perspective of constructs underlying obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: An international Delphi consensus study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 719-731
Author(s):  
Leonardo F Fontenelle ◽  
Erin Oldenhof ◽  
Maria Eduarda Moreira-de-Oliveira ◽  
Jonathan S Abramowitz ◽  
Martin M Antony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
System Response ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Research Domain

Background: The Research Domain Criteria seeks to bridge knowledge from neuroscience with clinical practice by promoting research into valid neurocognitive phenotypes and dimensions, irrespective of symptoms and diagnoses as currently conceptualized. While the Research Domain Criteria offers a vision of future research and practice, its 39 functional constructs need refinement to better target new phenotyping efforts. This study aimed to determine which Research Domain Criteria constructs are most relevant to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, based on a consensus between experts in the field of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Methods: Based on a modified Delphi method, 46 experts were recruited from Australia, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Over three rounds, experts had the opportunity to review their opinion in light of feedback from the previous round, which included how their response compared to other experts and a summary of comments given. Results: Thirty-four experts completed round one, of whom 28 (82%) completed round two and 24 (71%) completed round three. At the final round, four constructs were endorsed by ⩾75% of experts as ‘primary constructs’ and therefore central to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Of these constructs, one came from the Positive Valence System (Habit), two from the Cognitive Control System (Response Selection/Inhibition and Performance Monitoring) and the final construct was an additional item suggested by experts (Compulsivity). Conclusion: This study identified four Research Domain Criteria constructs that, according to experts, cut across different obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. These constructs represent key areas for future investigation, and may have potential implications for clinical practice in terms of diagnostic processes and therapeutic management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.

scholarly journals Cue-induced effects on decision-making distinguish subjects with gambling disorder from healthy controls

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Genauck ◽  
Milan Andrejevic ◽  
Katharina Brehm ◽  
Caroline Matthis ◽  
Andreas Heinz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Task Parameters

ABSTRACTWhile an increased impact of cues on decision-making has been associated with substance dependence, it is yet unclear whether this is also a phenotype of non-substance related addictive disorders, such as gambling disorder. To better understand the basic mechanisms of impaired decision-making in addiction, we investigated whether cue-induced changes in decision-making could distinguish gambling disorder (GD) from healthy control (HC) subjects. We expected that cue-induced changes in gamble acceptance and specifically in loss aversion would distinguish GD from HC subjects.30 GD subjects and 30 matched HC subjects completed a mixed gambles task where gambling and other emotional cues were shown in the background. We used machine learning and classification to carve out the importance of cue-dependency of decision-making and of loss aversion for distinguishing GD from HC subjects.Cross-validated classification yielded an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC-ROC) of 68.9% (p=0.002). Applying the classifier to an independent sample yielded an AUC-ROC of 65.0% (p=0.047). As expected, the classifier used cue-induced changes in gamble acceptance to distinguish GD from HC. Especially increased gambling during the presentation of gambling cues was characteristic of GD subjects. However, unexpectedly, cue-induced changes in loss aversion were irrelevant for distinguishing GD from HC subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the classificatory power of addiction-relevant behavioral task parameters when distinguishing GD from HC subjects. The results indicate that cue-induced changes in decision-making are a characteristic feature of addictive disorders, independent of a substance of abuse.

The Nimh Research Domain Criteria Project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce N. Cuthbert
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Research Domain

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project grew from recognized deficiencies in currently used diagnostic schemes for mental illness, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). While the latter is based on a series of signs and symptoms of illnesses that can co-occur in groups of individuals, without consideration of underlying biological factors, RDoC is based on the increasing ability to relate normal as well as abnormal behavior to particular molecules and circuits in the brain across animal species and humans. Behavioral domains include negative valence systems (e.g., fear and anxiety), positive valence systems (e.g., reward and motivation), cognitive systems, social processes, and arousal and regulatory systems, several of which might be affected in a given DSM disease classification. RDoC is seen as a step toward a “precision psychiatry,” where increasing knowledge of the genetic, molecular, cellular, and circuit basis of mental illness will yield biologically based diagnoses that offer important pathophysiological, treatment, and prognostic implications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document