The Long-Term Changes in Dynamic Risk and Protective Factors Over Time in a Nationwide Sample of Dutch Forensic Psychiatric Patients

The long-term changes of dynamic risk and protective factors have rarely been studied in forensic psychiatric patients. We utilized a latent growth curve analysis to investigate trajectories of risk and protective factors over time in all 722 male forensic psychiatric patients who were unconditionally released between 2004 and 2014 from any of 12 Dutch forensic psychiatric centers (FPCs). The study covered the period from juridical observation until unconditional release. Moreover, we investigated whether these trajectories differ between patients depending on their psychiatric diagnosis namely substance use disorders (SUD), psychotic disorders, and cluster B personality disorders (PDs). In addition, we also investigated whether SUD may influence changes in risk and protective factors in a group of psychotic and cluster B PDs patients, respectively. Overall, findings suggest that all changes in dynamic risk and protective factors could be depicted by two phases of patients' stay in the FPCs. Specifically, most changes on dynamic risk and protective factors occurred at the beginning of treatment, that is, from the time of juridical assessment up to the time of unguided leave. Moreover, the moment of unguided leave could be considered the ‘turning point’ in the treatment of offenders. We also found that SUD and psychotic patients changed the most in the first phase of their stay, while cluster B PDs patients changed the most in the second phase. However, SUD did not modify changes in risk and protective factors in psychotic and cluster B PDs patients. These findings may help improve offender treatment and crime prevention strategies.

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Psychopathic Traits, Risk and Protective Factors, and Attractiveness in Forensic Psychiatric Patients: Their Role in Review Board Dispositions

Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice ◽

10.1080/24732850.2020.1717904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 264-289

Author(s):

William James Denomme ◽

Jamie Curno ◽

Adelle Forth

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Psychopathic Traits ◽

Forensic Psychiatric Patients ◽

Forensic Psychiatric

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Longitudinal Network Structure and Changes of Clinical Risk and Protective Factors in a Nationwide Sample of Forensic Psychiatric Patients

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology ◽

10.1177/0306624x20923256 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (15) ◽

pp. 1533-1550

Author(s):

Stefan Bogaerts ◽

Marinus Spreen ◽

Erik Masthoff ◽

Marija Jankovic

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Network Structure ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Time Points ◽

Clinical Risk ◽

Forensic Psychiatric Patients ◽

Forensic Psychiatric ◽

Dynamic Relationships ◽

Time Of Admission

In this study, we investigated network configurations of 14 Clinical risk and protective factors in a sample of 317 male forensic psychiatric patients across two time points: at the time of admission to the forensic psychiatric centers (T1) and at the time of unconditional release (T2). In terms of network structure, the strongest risk edge was between “hostility–violation of terms” at T1, and between “hostility–impulsivity” at T2. “Problem insight–crime responsibility” was the strongest protective edge, and “impulsivity–coping skills” was the strongest between-cluster edge, at both time points, respectively. In terms of strength centrality, “cooperation with treatment” had the highest strength centrality at both measurement occasions. This study expands the risk assessment field toward a better understanding of dynamic relationships between individual clinical risk and protective factors and points to the highly central risk and protective factors, which would be the best for future treatment targets.

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A Latent Class Analysis of Forensic Psychiatric Patients in Relation to Risk and Protective Factors

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Marija Janković ◽

Erik Masthoff ◽

Marinus Spreen ◽

Peter de Looff ◽

Stefan Bogaerts

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Criminal History ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Forensic Psychiatric Patients ◽

Axis I ◽

Forensic Psychiatric

Forensic psychiatric patients form a very heterogeneous population regarding psychopathology, criminal history, and risk factors for reoffending. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether there are more homogeneous classes of forensic patients based on DSM-IV-TR Axis I and II diagnoses and previously committed offenses, by means of explorative latent class analysis (LCA). It was also investigated which risk and protective factors are significantly more prevalent in one class compared to other classes. The study sample contained 722 male forensic psychiatric patients who were unconditionally released between 2004 and 2014 from high-security forensic clinics. Data were retrospectively derived from electronic patient files. Five distinctive patient classes emerged: class with only Axis II diagnosis, class with multiple problems, antisocial class, psychotic class, and intellectually disabled class. These classes differed significantly in risk and protective factors. This study contributes to the understanding of patient classes and provides directions for future, class-tailored interventions.

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Inpatient aggression in forensic psychiatric patients with autism spectrum disorder: the role of risk and protective factors

Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour ◽

10.1108/jidob-05-2019-0008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

Rianne Bosch ◽

Farid Chakhssi ◽

Ko Hummelen

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Physical Aggression ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Assessment Instruments ◽

Short Term ◽

Content Type ◽

Forensic Psychiatric Patients ◽

Forensic Psychiatric

Purpose Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are overrepresented in forensic samples. However, research on risk assessment in forensic patients with ASD is scarce. The purpose of this paper was to examine the prevalence of short-term inpatient aggression and explore the risk and protective factors for aggression in forensic psychiatric patients with ASD (N = 32). Design/methodology/approach The association between two commonly used violence risk assessment instruments (HKT-R and SAPROF) and physical aggression during ten weeks of inpatient stay was examined in a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital. Findings Results showed no significant association between HKT-R and SAPROF and incidents of physical aggression. This suggests that the commonly used assessment instruments may be of limited use for assessing the risk of short-term inpatient aggression in patients with ASD. Research limitations/implications Limitations to the current study include the relatively small sample size and the lack of information on index offenses. Further research with a larger, more homogeneous sample and longer follow-up is indicated to confirm the results of this study. Future research should also include the possible association between aggressive behavior of people with ASD and other factors that might be relevant, such as social cognition deficits, cognitive and sensory impairments, deficient empathy and emotion regulation problems. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to directly examine the prevalence of inpatient aggression of forensic psychiatric patients with ASD and its association with risk and protective factors.

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Prediction of recidivism in a long-term follow-up of forensic psychiatric patients: Incremental effects of neuroimaging data

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0217127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. e0217127 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carl Delfin ◽

Hedvig Krona ◽

Peter Andiné ◽

Erik Ryding ◽

Märta Wallinius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Prediction Of Recidivism ◽

Forensic Psychiatric Patients ◽

Neuroimaging Data ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Forensic Psychiatric

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Risk and Protective Factors for Depression in Youth

Behaviour Change ◽

10.1375/bech.23.1.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Alison L. Shortt ◽

Susan H. Spence

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Ecological Framework ◽

Preventive Interventions ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Protective Processes ◽

The Individual ◽

Over Time

AbstractRisk and protective processes and mechanisms associated with depression in youth are discussed within a developmental–ecological framework. Risk factors at the individual (genetics, biology, affect, cognition, behaviour) and broader contextual levels (e.g., family, school, community) are proposed to interact, leading to the development of depression in youth. Transactions between these individual and contextual factors are suggested to be dynamic and reciprocal, and these transactions are expected to change over time and developmental course. The ‘best bet’ for the prevention of depression may be multicomponent and multilevel interventions that address the multiple risk and protective factors associated with depression. Preventive interventions need to focus on building protective factors within young people themselves, as well as creating health-promoting environments at home and at school. These interventions likely need to be long term and geared towards assisting youth across successive periods of development.

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