scholarly journals Blood Lead Levels in Women of Child-Bearing Age in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onyinyechi Bede-Ojimadu ◽  
Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi ◽  
Orish Ebere Orisakwe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Follow-Up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8689
Author(s):  
Shukrullah Ahmadi ◽  
Barbara Le Bot ◽  
Roméo Zoumenou ◽  
Séverine Durand ◽  
Nadine Fiévet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Sub Saharan

Lead exposure is associated with poor cognitive development in children. Very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have studied blood lead levels (BLLs) and non-gasoline sources of exposure in children. Data from a birth cohort in Benin (2011–2013) suggested that 58% of 1-year-old children had BLLs > 50 ug/L. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated BLLs (>50 µg/L and >100 µg /L) among 425 of these children at 6 years of age in 2016–2018 and to compare BLLs between age 1 and 6 years, and study sources of lead at age 6 years. BLLs were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression and quantile regressions were used to study potential sources of lead. The prevalence of BLLs > 50 µg/L in children was 59.5% (Geometric Mean (GM) 56.4 µg/L, 95% CI: 54.1–58.7) at 6 years of age compared to 54.8% (GM 56.5 µg/L, 95% CI: 53.4–59.6) at 1 year of age. The prevalence of children with BLLs > 100 µg/L decreased from 14.4% at 1 year of age to 8.2% at 6 years of age. After adjustment for all other covariates, consumption of peanuts more than once per month was significantly associated with a 22.0% (95% CI: 4.6, 42.5) increment in BLLs at age 6 years compared with no consumption. Consumption of bushmeat killed by lead bullets at age 6 years was associated with an increase in the higher percentiles of BLLs (P75) compared with the absence of this source. Other potential sources of lead associated with BLLs with marginal significance were consumption of rice, paternal occupational exposure, and the presence of activity with the potential use of lead. This prospective cohort confirms the persistently high prevalence of elevated BLLs in children residing in a rural region in the south of Benin, as well as the presence of multiple and continuous sources of lead. These results highlight the need for prevention programs to reduce and eliminate lead exposure in children.

scholarly journals Follow-up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukrullah Ahmadi ◽  
Barbara Le Bot ◽  
Roméo Zoumenou ◽  
Séverine Durand ◽  
Nadine Fiévet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
One Year

Lead exposure is associated with poor cognitive development in children. Very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have studied blood lead levels (BLLs) and non-gasoline sources of exposure in children. Data from a birth cohort in Benin (2011-2013) suggested that 58% of one-year-old children had BLLs > 50 ug/L. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated BLLs (>50 µg/L and >100 µg /L) among 425 of these children at six-years-of-age in 2016-18 and to compare BLLs between age one-year and six-years and study sources of lead at six years. BLLs were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression and quantile regressions were used to study potential sources of lead. The prevalence of BLLs >50 µg/L in children was 59.5% [Geometric Mean (GM) 56.4 µg/L, 95% CI: 54.1 - 58.7] at six years of age compared to 54.8% [GM 56.5 µg/L, 95% CI: 53.4-59.6] at one year of age. The prevalence of children with BLLs >100 µg/L decreased from 14.4% at one year of age to 8.2% at six years of age. After adjustment for all other covariates, consumption of peanut more than once per month was significantly associated with a 22.0% (95% CI: 4.6, 42.5) increment in BLLs at six years compared with no consumption. Consumption of bushmeat killed by lead bullets at six years was associated with an increase in the higher percentiles of BLLs (P75) compared with the absence of this source. Other potential sources of lead associated with BLLs with marginal significance were consumption of rice, paternal occupational exposure, and the presence of activity with the potential use of lead. This prospective cohort confirms the persistently high prevalence of elevated BLLs in children residing in a rural region in the south of Benin as well as the presence of multiple and continuous sources of lead. These results highlight the need for prevention programs to reduce and eliminate lead exposure in children.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Nutrients on Blood Lead Levels in Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Katie G. McElroy ◽  
Stacey E. Iobst ◽  
Crystal DeVance-Wilson ◽  
Emilie Ludeman ◽  
Erik Barr
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Blood lead levels in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. e145-e153
Author(s):  
Bret Ericson ◽  
Howard Hu ◽  
Emily Nash ◽  
Greg Ferraro ◽  
Julia Sinitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Lead Levels

Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Enzyme Activity and Susceptibility to Lead Toxicity in Uganda’s Urban Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambrose Mukisa ◽  
Denis M Kasozi ◽  
Claire Aguttu ◽  
Joseph Kyambadde
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Lead Levels

Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population explosion in sub-Saharan Africa escalate environmental Lead levels with subsequent elevation of blood Lead levels in children. Nutrition status, age, and genetics govern one’s susceptibility to Lead toxicity. This study expounded this susceptibility by relating blood Lead levels, d-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase enzyme activity (ALAD), and genetic variations of proteins that code for ALAD enzyme in urban children of Uganda. Spectrophotometric analysis for blood Lead (BL), hemoglobin levels, and determination d-levels aminolevulinic acid dehydratase enzyme activity of the blood samples from 198 children were performed prior to a polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length digestion for ALAD polymorphism was done. Up to 99.5% of samples coded for the ALAD1 allele whereas 0.05% coded for ALAD2. Genotypes ALAD2-2 members had elevated BLL (mean 14.1 µg/dL) and reduced ALAD enzyme activity compared to others. This, therefore, implies that the majority of children hoard BL which may affect them later in life.

Blood lead levels and male reproductive hormones: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Toxicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 152574
Author(s):  
Rakesh Balachandar ◽  
Bhavani Shankara Bagepally ◽  
Ravibabu Kalahasthi ◽  
Madhumitha Haridoss
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Lead Levels
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