scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Mental Health Burdens: Impact of Educational Level and Relationship Status Among Low-Income Earners of Western Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Monima Lemuel ◽  
Ibe Michael Usman ◽  
Kenneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Saad Alghamdi ◽  
Eric Osamudiamwen Aigbogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Western Uganda

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health with the level of education, relationship status, and awareness on mental health among low-income earners in Western Uganda.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among 253 participants. Anxiety, anger, and depression were assessed using a modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2, and Beck Depression Inventory item tools, respectively.Results: The majority of our respondents were male (n = 150/253, 59.3), had a secondary level of education (104/253, 41.1), and were single (137/253, 54.2). No formal education and primary education (r2 = 47.4% and 6.4%, respectively) had a negative correlation with awareness of mental health care. In addition, no formal education had a positive correlation with anger and depression (r2 = 1.9% and 0.3%, respectively). Singleness in this study had a negative correlation with awareness of mental health care, anger, and depression (r2 = 1.9, 0.8, and 0.3%, respectively), and a positive correlation with anxiety (r2 = 3.9%).Conclusion: It is evident that education and relationship status influenced awareness on mental health care and mental health state among low-income earners in Western Uganda during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Therefore, policymakers should strengthen social transformation through the proper engagement of low-income earners in this COVID-19 era.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Related Mental Health Burdens: Impact of Educational Level and Relationship Status Among Low Income Earners of Western Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Monima Lemuel ◽  
Ibe Michael Usman ◽  
Kenneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Eric Osamudiamwen Aigbogun ◽  
Victor Archibong Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Western Uganda

Abstract Background: The imposed COVID-19 lockdown is taking a toll mental health, with low-income earners considered particularly affected. The study aimed to investigate level of education and relationship status on awareness of mental healthcare and explore how these factors influence mental health among low income earners in Western Uganda.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken among low-income earners in South Western Uganda. Data were collected from two hundred and fifty-three (253) participants using a structured closed ended questionnaire. Anxiety, anger and depression were assessed using a modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger’s State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) item tools respectively.Result: Most respondents were single male individuals with secondary level. Respondents with tertiary level of education and those with partners had higher score (71.7% and 70.28% respectively) for awareness on mental healthcare. Respondents with primary education level and individuals that were single had higher score (46.98% and 43.72% respectively) for anxiety. Respondents with primary education level and those living with partners had higher mean score (56.44% and 56.21% respectively) for anger. Respondents with no formal education and those who had lost partners had higher mean score (32.11% and 30.50% respectively) for depression. Individuals without formal educational and primary education were observed to have a negative correlation (r2 = 47.4 and 6.4% respectively) with awareness on mental healthcare, and the no formal group had positive correlation with anger and depression (r2 =1.9 and 0.3% respectively), while other groups were negatively correlated (r2 =10.1%). The group of single individuals had a negative correlation with awareness on mental healthcare, anger and depression (r2 =1.9, 0.8 and 0.3% respectively), and a positive correlation with anxiety (r2 =3.9%).Conclusion: It is evident that education and relationship status influence awareness on mental healthcare and mental health state among low income earners in Western Uganda. Therefore, we advocate for new approaches in mental healthcare awareness programs equipped with robust strategy, which will focus on improving optimal mental health among these set of people.

scholarly journals COVID-19 related mental health burdens: Impact of educational level and relationship status among low income earners of Western Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemuel Ann Monima ◽  
Ibe Michael Usman ◽  
Kenneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Eric . Osamudiamwen Aigbogun ◽  
Victor Archibong Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Western Uganda

Abstract Introduction: The imposed COVID-19 lockdown is taking a toll mental health, with low-income earners considered particularly affected. The study aimed to investigate level of education and relationship status on awareness of mental healthcare and explore how these factors influence mental health among low income earners in Western Uganda. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken among low-income earners in South Western Uganda. Data were collected from two hundred and fifty-three (253) participants using a structured closed ended questionnaire. Anxiety, anger and depression were assessed using a modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger’s State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) item tools respectively. Result: Most respondents were single male individuals with secondary level. Respondents with tertiary level of education and those with partners had higher score (71.7% and 70.28% respectively) for awareness on mental healthcare. Respondents with primary education level and individuals that were single had higher score (46.98% and 43.72% respectively) for anxiety. Respondents with primary education level and those living with partners had higher mean score (56.44% and 56.21% respectively) for anger. Respondents with no formal education and those who had lost partners had higher mean score (32.11% and 30.50% respectively) for depression. Individuals without formal educational and primary education were observed to have a negative correlation (r 2 = 47.4 and 6.4% respectively) with awareness on mental healthcare, and the no formal group had positive correlation with anger and depression (r 2 =1.9 and 0.3% respectively), while other groups were negatively correlated (r 2 =10.1%). The group of single individuals had a negative correlation with awareness on mental healthcare, anger and depression (r 2 =1.9, 0.8 and 0.3% respectively), and a positive correlation with anxiety (r 2 =3.9%). Conclusion: It is evident that education and relationship status influence awareness on mental healthcare and mental health state among low income earners in Western Uganda. Therefore, we advocate for new approaches in mental healthcare awareness programs equipped with robust strategy, which will focus on improving optimal mental health among these set of people.

scholarly journals COVID-19-related mental health burden and reduced awareness of mental healthcare services in low income earners of Western Uganda 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Monima Lemuel ◽  
Ibe Michael Usman ◽  
Kenneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Eric . Osamudiamwen Aigbogun ◽  
Victor Archibong Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Western Uganda

Abstract Background: The imposed COVID-19 lockdown is taking a toll on mental health individuals, with low-income earners considered most affected, as the imposed lockdown was accompanied with partial or complete loss of livelihood among low income earners. The study aimed to investigate level of education and relationship status on awareness of mental healthcare and explore how these factors influence mental health among low income earners in Western Uganda.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken among low-income earners in South Western Uganda. Data were collected from two hundred and fifty-three (253) participants using a structured closed ended questionnaire. Anxiety, anger and depression were assessed using a modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger’s State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) item tools respectively.Result: Most respondents were single male individuals with secondary level of education. Respondents with tertiary level of education and those with partners had higher score (71.7% and 70.28% respectively) for awareness on mental healthcare. Respondents with primary education level and individuals that were single had higher score (46.98% and 43.72% respectively) for anxiety. Respondents with primary education level and those living with partners had higher mean score (56.44% and 56.21% respectively) for anger. Respondents with no formal education and those who had lost partners had higher mean score (32.11% and 30.50% respectively) for depression. Individuals without formal educational and primary education were observed to have a negative correlation (r2 = 47.4 and 6.4% respectively) with awareness on mental healthcare, and the no formal group had positive correlation with anger and depression (r2 =1.9 and 0.3% respectively), while other groups were negatively correlated (r2 =10.1%). The group of single individuals had a negative correlation with awareness on mental healthcare, anger and depression (r2 =1.9, 0.8 and 0.3% respectively), and a positive correlation with anxiety (r2 =3.9%).Conclusion: It is evident that education and relationship status influence awareness on mental healthcare and mental health state among low income earners in Western Uganda. Therefore, we suggest policy maker pay more attention to social transformation, through proper engagement of low income earners.

Differentiating Between Rights-Based and Relational Ethical Approaches

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Trobec ◽  
Majda Herbst ◽  
Boštjan Žvanut
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Ethical Approach ◽  
Bachelor's Degrees ◽  
Ethical Approaches ◽  
Health Institutions

When forced treatment in mental health care is under consideration, two approaches guide clinicians in their actions: the dominant rights-based approach and the relational ethical approach. We hypothesized that nurses with bachelor's degrees differentiate better between the two approaches than nurses without a degree. To test this hypothesis a survey was performed in major Slovenian health institutions. We found that nurses emphasize the importance of ethics and personal values, but 55.4% of all the nurse participants confused the two approaches. The results confirmed our hypothesis and indicate the importance of nurses' formal education, especially when caring for patients with mental illness.

scholarly journals Mental health care preferences among low-income and minority women

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erum Nadeem ◽  
Jane M. Lange ◽  
Jeanne Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
Health Care Preferences

scholarly journals Task sharing for the care of severe mental disorders in a low-income country (TaSCS): study protocol for a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial

Trials ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hanlon ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Teshome Shibre ◽  
Dawit A. Ejigu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Psychiatric Nurse ◽  
Task Sharing ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Task sharing mental health care through integration into primary health care (PHC) is advocated as a means of narrowing the treatment gap for mental disorders in low-income countries. However, the effectiveness, acceptability, feasibility and sustainability of this service model for people with a severe mental disorder (SMD) have not been evaluated in a low-income country. Methods/Design A randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial will be carried out in a predominantly rural area of Ethiopia. A sample of 324 people with SMD (diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder) with an ongoing need for mental health care will be recruited from 1) participants in a population-based cohort study and 2) people attending a psychiatric nurse-led out-patient clinic. The intervention is a task-sharing model of locally delivered mental health care for people with SMD integrated into PHC delivered over 18 months. Participants in the active control arm will receive the established and effective model of specialist mental health care delivered by psychiatric nurses at an out-patient clinic within a centrally located general hospital. The hypothesis is that people with SMD who receive mental health care integrated into PHC will have a non-inferior clinical outcome, defined as a mean symptom score on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, expanded version, of no more than six points higher, compared to participants who receive the psychiatric nurse-led service, after 12 months. The primary outcome is change in symptom severity. Secondary outcomes are functional status, relapse, service use costs, service satisfaction, drop-out and medication adherence, nutritional status, physical health care, quality of care, medication side effects, stigma, adverse events and cost-effectiveness. Sustainability and cost-effectiveness will be further evaluated at 18 months. Randomisation will be stratified by health centre catchment area using random permuted blocks. The outcome assessors and investigators will be masked to allocation status. Discussion Evidence about the effectiveness of task sharing mental health care for people with SMD in a rural, low-income African country will inform the World Health Organisation’s mental health Gap Action Programme to scale-up mental health care globally. Trial registration NCT02308956 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Date of registration: 3 December 2014.

scholarly journals Pathways Into and Out of Homelessness Among People with Severe Mental Illness in Rural Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Smartt ◽  
Kaleab Ketema ◽  
Souci Frissa ◽  
Bethlehem Tekola ◽  
Rahel Birhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: Little is known about the pathways followed into and out of homelessness among people with severe mental illness (SMI) living in rural, low-income country settings. Understanding these pathways is essential for the development of effective interventions to address homelessness and promote recovery. The aim of this study was to explore pathways into and out of homelessness in people with SMI in rural Ethiopia.Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 people with SMI who had experienced homelessness and 11 caregivers. Study participants were identified through a larger project implementing a multi-component district level plan to improve access to mental health care in primary care (PRIME). Thematic analysis was conducted using an inductive approach.Results: Study participants reported different patterns of homelessness, with some having experienced chronic and others an intermittent course. Periods of homelessness occurred when family resources were overwhelmed or not meeting the needs of the person with SMI. The most important pathways into homelessness were reported to result from family conflict and the worsening of mental ill health, interplaying with substance use in many cases. Participants also mentioned escape and/or wanting a change in environment, financial problems, and discrimination from the community as contributing to them leaving the home. Pathways out of homelessness included contact with (mental and physical) health care as a catalyst to the mobilization of other supports, family and community intervention, and self-initiated return.Conclusions: Homelessness in people with SMI in this rural setting reflected complex health and social needs that were not matched by adequate care and support. Interventions to prevent and tackle homelessness need to focus on increasing family support, and ensuring access to housing, mental health care and social support.

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