scholarly journals Seasonal Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Hydroponic Tomato and Cucumber Cultivation in a Commercial Greenhouse Company

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Karlowsky ◽  
Markus Gläser ◽  
Klaus Henschel ◽  
Dietmar Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Greenhouse Cultivation ◽  
Hydroponic Systems

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered as the most critical greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted by agricultural and horticultural food production. Hydroponic vegetable cultivation in greenhouse systems has a high potential for N2O emissions due to the intense application of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Previous studies on model hydroponic systems indicate that N2O emissions per unit area can be several times higher than typically found during field cultivation. However, reliable data from production-scale hydroponic systems is missing. Here we report our findings from monitoring the N2O emissions in a commercial production greenhouse, located in the east of Germany, over a period of 1 year. We used the static chamber method to estimate N2O fluxes in the root zones of hydroponic tomato and cucumber cultures on rock wool growing bags with drip fertigation. Regular sampling intervals (weekly-biweekly) were used to calculate whole season cumulative N2O emissions and N2O emission factors (EFs) based on the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. Our results indicate that the seasonal N2O emissions from hydroponic greenhouse cultivation are considerably smaller than expected from previous studies. In total, we estimated average cumulative N2O emissions of 2.3 and 1.5 kg N2O–N ha−1 yr−1 for tomato and cucumber cultures, respectively. Average EFs were 0.31% for tomato cultivation with drain re-use (closed hydroponic system), and 0.13% for cucumber cultivation without drain re-use (open hydroponic system). These values lie below the general EF for N2O from agricultural soils, noted with 1% by the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC). In conclusion, considering the high yield of greenhouse cultivation, hydroponic systems provide a way of producing vegetables climate-friendly, in terms of direct GHG emissions. Further attention should be given to reducing energy inputs, e.g., by using regenerative sources or thermal discharge from industrial processes, and to increasing circularity, e.g., by using recycling fertilizers derived from waste streams. Especially in urban and peri-urban areas, the use of hydroponics is promising to increase local and sustainable food production.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emissions during microalgae-based wastewater treatment: current state of the art and implication for greenhouse gases budgeting

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030
Author(s):  
Maxence Plouviez ◽  
Benoit Guieysse
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Aerobic Wastewater Treatment

Abstract Microalgae can synthesise the ozone depleting pollutant and greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Consequently, significant N2O emissions have been recorded during real wastewater treatment in high rate algal ponds (HRAPs). While data scarcity and variability prevent meaningful assessment, the magnitude reported (0.13–0.57% of the influent nitrogen load) is within the range reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for direct N2O emissions during centralised aerobic wastewater treatment (0.016–4.5% of the influent nitrogen load). Critically, the ability of microalgae to synthesise N2O challenges the IPCC's broad view that bacterial denitrification and nitrification are the only major cause of N2O emissions from wastewater plants and aquatic environments receiving nitrogen from wastewater effluents. Significant N2O emissions have indeed been repeatedly detected from eutrophic water bodies and wastewater discharge contributes to eutrophication via the release of nitrogen and phosphorus. Considering the complex interplays between nitrogen and phosphorus supply, microalgal growth, and microalgal N2O synthesis, further research must urgently seek to better quantify N2O emissions from microalgae-based wastewater systems and eutrophic ecosystems receiving wastewater. This future research will ultimately improve the prediction of N2O emissions from wastewater treatment in national inventories and may therefore affect the prioritisation of mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (22) ◽  
pp. 11954-11960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Yang ◽  
Bonnie X. Chang ◽  
Mark J. Warner ◽  
Thomas S. Weber ◽  
Annie M. Bourbonnais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Tropical Ocean

Assessment of the global budget of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is limited by poor knowledge of the oceanicN2O flux to the atmosphere, of which the magnitude, spatial distribution, and temporal variability remain highly uncertain. Here, we reconstruct climatologicalN2O emissions from the ocean by training a supervised learning algorithm with over 158,000N2O measurements from the surface ocean—the largest synthesis to date. The reconstruction captures observed latitudinal gradients and coastal hot spots ofN2O flux and reveals a vigorous global seasonal cycle. We estimate an annual meanN2O flux of 4.2 ± 1.0 Tg N⋅y−1, 64% of which occurs in the tropics, and 20% in coastal upwelling systems that occupy less than 3% of the ocean area. ThisN2O flux ranges from a low of 3.3 ± 1.3 Tg N⋅y−1in the boreal spring to a high of 5.5 ± 2.0 Tg N⋅y−1in the boreal summer. Much of the seasonal variations in globalN2O emissions can be traced to seasonal upwelling in the tropical ocean and winter mixing in the Southern Ocean. The dominant contribution to seasonality by productive, low-oxygen tropical upwelling systems (>75%) suggests a sensitivity of the globalN2O flux to El Niño–Southern Oscillation and anthropogenic stratification of the low latitude ocean. This ocean flux estimate is consistent with the range adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, but reduces its uncertainty by more than fivefold, enabling more precise determination of other terms in the atmosphericN2O budget.

Influence of fertilizer nitrogen source and management practice on N2O emissions from two Black Chernozemic soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Burton ◽  
Xinhui Li ◽  
C A Grant
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Time Of Application

Fertilizer nitrogen use is estimated to be a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in western Canada. These estimates are based primarily on modeled data, as there are relatively few studies that provide direct measures of the magnitude of N2O emissions and the influence of N source on N2O emissions. This study examined the influence of nitrogen source (urea, coated urea, urea with urease inhibitor, and anhydrous ammonia), time of application (spring, fall) and method of application (broadcast, banded) on nitrous oxide emissions on two Black Chernozemic soils located near Winnipeg and Brandon Manitoba. The results of this 3-yr study demonstrated consistently that the rate of fertilizer-induced N2O emissions under Manitoba conditions was lower than the emissions estimated using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) coefficients. The Winnipeg site tended to have higher overall N2O emissions (1.7 kg N ha-1) and fertilizer-induced emissions (~0.8% of applied N) than did the Brandon site (0.5 kg N ha-1), representing ~0.2% of applied N. N2O emissions in the first year of the study were much higher than in subsequent years. Both the site and year effects likely reflected differences in annual precipitation. The N2O emissions associated with the use of anhydrous ammonia as a fertilizer source were no greater than emissions with urea. Fall application of nitrogen fertilizer tended to result in marginally greater N2O emissions than did spring application, but these differences were neither large nor consistent. Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate intensity, anhydrous ammonia, urea

Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions from food production in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 9-10 ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Ma ◽  
Gerard L Velthof ◽  
Carolien Kroeze ◽  
Xiaotang Ju ◽  
Chunsheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Estimates of direct nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian agroecosystems and their uncertainties

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Hutchinson ◽  
B B Grant ◽  
W N Smith ◽  
R L Desjardins ◽  
C A Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ipcc Methodology

Using a revised Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology and the process-based model DeNitrification and DeComposition (DNDC), we estimated N2O emissions from agroecosystems in Canada for each census year from 1981 to 2001. Based on the IPCC methodology, direct emissions of N2O ranged from 12.9 to 17.3 with an average of 15.1 Tg CO2 equivalents, while the DNDC model predicted values from 16.0 to 24.3 with an average of 20.8 Tg CO2 equivalents over the same period, and showed a large interannual variation reflecting weather variability. On a provincial basis, emissions estimated by IPCC and DNDC methods were highest in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Ontario, intermediate for Manitoba and Quebec and lowest in British Columbia and the Atlantic provinces. The greatest source of emissions estimated by the IPCC method was from N fertilizer (avg. 6.32 Tg CO2 equiv. in Canada), followed by crop residues (4.24), pasture range and paddocks (PRP) (2.77), and manure (1.65). All sources of emissions, but especially those from fertilizers, increased moderately over time. Monte Carlo Simulation was used to determine the uncertainty associated with the 2001 emission estimates for both IPCC and DNDC methodologies. The simulation generated most likely values of 19.2 and 16.0 Tg CO2 equivalents for IPCC and DNDC, respectively, with uncertainties of 37 and 41%, respectively. Values for the IPCC estimates varied between 28% for PRP and manure and 50% for N fertilizer and crop residues. At the provincial level, uncertainty ranged between 15 and 47% with higher values on the prairies. Sensitivity analyses for IPCC estimates showed crop residues as the most important source of uncertainty followed by synthetic N-fertilizers. Our analysis demonstrated that N2O emissions can be effectively estimated by both the DNDC and IPCC methods and that their uncertainties can be effectively estimated by Monte Carlo Simulation. Key words: Nitrous oxide, IPCC, DNDC model, Uncertainty analysis, Monte Carlo Simulation

scholarly journals 3D Printed hydroponic system

Ingenierias ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando G. Aponte-Ortiz ◽  
Andrea López-Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos D. Figueroa Gutiérrez-Del Arroyo ◽  
Jaycie A. Candelaria-Hernández ◽  
César A. Román-Orellana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Test ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Cylindrical Element

Hydroponic systems have been around for many years and there is alarge variety of designs. This project approaches the design of a stackable hydroponic system for domestic use aiming for high yield. The 3-D printed prototype consisted of cylindrical elements each with three entries for seeding. These elements can be stacked up and rotated around one another providing configuration flexibility. In addition, the cap of our system is a half cylindrical element. A preliminary test included the use of Rockwool to grow coriander for 14 days. Being a prototype, it is still necessary to optimize the design, fine-tune its operation beyond its initial feasibility to both, maximize yield and minimize cost, which implies compromising on these two conflicting objectives.

Trends in food production and nitrous oxide emissions from the agriculture sector in India: environmental implications

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krishna Prasad ◽  
Ben Stinner ◽  
Deb Stinner ◽  
John Cardina ◽  
Richard Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Agriculture Sector

scholarly journals Data-driven estimates of global nitrous oxide emissions from croplands

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihui Wang ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Ziyin Shang ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Wilfried Winiwarter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Tier 3

Abstract Croplands are the single largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) globally, yet their estimates remain difficult to verify when using Tier 1 and 3 methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Here, we re-evaluate global cropland-N2O emissions in 1961–2014, using N-rate-dependent emission factors (EFs) upscaled from 1206 field observations in 180 global distributed sites and high-resolution N inputs disaggregated from sub-national surveys covering 15593 administrative units. Our results confirm IPCC Tier 1 default EFs for upland crops in 1990–2014, but give a ∼15% lower EF in 1961–1989 and a ∼67% larger EF for paddy rice over the full period. Associated emissions (0.82 ± 0.34 Tg N yr–1) are probably one-quarter lower than IPCC Tier 1 global inventories but close to Tier 3 estimates. The use of survey-based gridded N-input data contributes 58% of this emission reduction, the rest being explained by the use of observation-based non-linear EFs. We conclude that upscaling N2O emissions from site-level observations to global croplands provides a new benchmark for constraining IPCC Tier 1 and 3 methods. The detailed spatial distribution of emission data is expected to inform advancement towards more realistic and effective mitigation pathways.

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