scholarly journals Chorwacja wobec Inicjatywy Trójmorza

2021 ◽  
pp. 280-301
Author(s):  
Radosław Zenderowski ◽  
Karolina Skobejko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Government ◽  
Analytical Centers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article raises the topic of Croatia’s place and role in the Three Seas Initiative (3SI). The aim of the article is: (a) showing the relationship of the main political forces to the 3SI; (b) an indication of the scale of interest in this project from national analytical centers; (c) analysis of the reasons for involvement or reserve and distance to the Three Seas Initiative; (d) analysis of the role attributed or expected in the Three Seas Initiative; (e) analysis of the perception of other states – participants of the Three Seas Initiative; (f) analysis of integration projects competing or complementary to the Three Seas Initiative which are or may be of importance for Croatia; (g) to show the attitude of the government in Zagreb to the execu-tive/intergovernmental dimension being developed; (h) an indication of the threats and opportunities identified by the Croatian authorities for the Three Seas Initiative; (i) analysis of the perception of 3SI’s relations with the European Union; (j) analysis of the perception and assessment of the policy of third countries towards the Three Seas Initiative (from the Zagreb perspective). The structure of the article follows the above-mentioned goals.

6. General principles of law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Woods ◽  
Philippa Watson ◽  
Marios Costa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
General Principles Of Law ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the development of the general principles by the Court of Justice (CJ) to support the protection of human rights in the European Union (EU) law. It analyses the relationship of the general principles derived from the CJ’s jurisprudence to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights (EUCFR). It discusses the possible accession of the EU to the ECHR and the implications of Opinion 2/13. It suggests that although the protection of human rights has been more visible since the Lisbon Treaty and there are now more avenues to such protection, it is debatable whether the scope and level of protection has increased.

13. Union liability in tort: action for damages

2020 ◽  
pp. 305-324
Author(s):  
Marios Costa ◽  
Steve Peers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the action for damages related to European Union (EU) liability in tort. It discusses the scope and the elements of non-contractual liability and liability for wrongful acts or omissions under Article 340(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The chapter also explains the relationship of Article 340 TFEU with Articles 263 and 265 TFEU. It considers the restrictive rules in relation to assessment of damages and causation. The chapter highlights the need for European Courts to balance the conflicting interests of permitting flexibility in decision-making and protecting individuals who may suffer as a result of such action.

Government expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitana Dudzevičiūtė ◽  
Agnė Šimelytė ◽  
Aušra Liučvaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide more reliable estimates of the relationship between government spending and economic growth in the European Union (EU) during the period of 1995-2015. Design/methodology/approach The methodology consisted of several different stages. In the first stage for an assessment of dynamics of government spending and economic growth indicators over two decades, descriptive statistics analysis was employed. Correlation analysis helped to identify the relationships between government expenditures (GEs) and economic growth. In the third stage, for modeling the relationship and the estimation of causality between GE and economic growth, Granger causality testing was applied. Findings The research indicated that eight EU countries have a significant relationship between government spending and economic growth. Research limitations/implications This study has been bounded by general GE and economic growth only. The breakdowns of general GE on the basis of the activities they support have not been considered in this paper, which is the main limitation of the research. Despite the limitation, it might be maintained that the research highlights key relationships in the EU countries. Originality/value These insights might be useful for policy makers. In countries with unidirectional causality running from GE to economic growth, the government can employ expenditure as a factor for growth. The governments should ensure that resources are properly managed and efficiently allocated to accelerate economic growth in the countries with unidirectional causality from GDP to GE.

Europeanisation of Polish Law Following Poland’s Accession to the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Robert Grzeszczak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Legal System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The article concerns primarily the effects of the membership of the European Union on national (Polish) law and, to a limited extent, on the political system of a state. The conclusions presented in the article are of universal value. Although the article deals with Polish affairs, the principles, tendencies and consequences identified are typical of the relationship state – the EU, both before and after accession, regardless of the state concerned. It should be, however, noted that the path to membership and the membership itself are different in each case. The practice of the Polish membership of the European Union, its systemic dimension and the changes in the national legal system (Europeanisation) do not differ significantly than in the case of other Member States. Europeanisation of Polish law, politics, economy, culture and society has been in progress since the 1990s. One can differentiate between two stages of Europeanisation: before and after Poland’s EU accession, each characterised by different conditions. Over time, this process, on the whole, has been undergoing numerous changes but it has never weakened in importance. Poland faces issues such as poor legitimation of integration processes, supremacy of the government over the parliament, passivity of parliamentary committees in controlling the government and EU institutions in the decision making process, as well as dilution of responsibility for decisions taken within the EU. The process of Europeanisation relies mostly on direct application of the standards of EU law in the national legal system, implementation of directives into national law and harmonisation or standardisation of national legal solutions so that they comply with the EU framework. It is also reception of a common, European (Union) axiology.

The European Union and the Territorial Scope of European Territories

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Ziller
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper Professor Ziller addresses the intriguing question of the relationship of the European Union – which is not a state and which has no territory of its own – to the territories of EU Member States. The paper provides a survey of the overseas territories affected and the evolution of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the extent to which the provisions of the EC Treaty apply to the European territories overseas.

Citizens and the European Union since 1950

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Hartmut KAELBLE
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
European Court ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
Interest Organizations ◽  
Active Citizen

The article covers the relationship of the citizens with the European Union and its predecessors since the beginnings of the European integration in the 1950s. It dis­tinguishes the period of the unquestioned citizen during the 1950s and 1960s, the period of the questioned and mobilized citizen since the 1970s and the period of the active citizen since around the turn the of century, in looking at European elec­tions, referendums, European movements, interest organizations, regular European opinion polls, complaints by citizens at the European Parliament, at the European Commission and at the European ombudsman and legal proceedings by citizens at the European Court in Luxemburg. In addition, the article looks at the change be­tween periods of trust and periods of distrust by citizens in the European institu­tions since the 1950s. It argues that the trend towards the mobilized and active citi­zen includes an eventual strong rise of distrust in periods of crisis, but also by a return of trust by the citizens even in difficult periods such as the recent Covid19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship of the Degree of Aviation Sector Development with Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Measures of Economic Development in the European Union Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3801
Author(s):  
Piotr Niedzielski ◽  
Magdalena Zioło ◽  
Jarosław Kozuba ◽  
Ewa Kuzionko-Ochrymiuk ◽  
Natalia Drop
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Topsis Technique ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The rapid growth of aviation over the past fifty years has resulted in numerous negative environmental impacts due to the combustion of fossil fuels in aircraft engines. This paper presents the relationship between air transport and GHG emissions. Based on data on the development of aviation, the level of GHG emissions from transport, environmental tax revenues and the amount of GDP per capita in the countries of the European Union, an attempt was made to create a typification that would illustrate the interaction of GHG emissions with air transport, environmental taxes and GDP in the years 2009–2018. The next step to confirm the obtained results was the application of statistical methods: the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method of linear ordering and the Perkal index. Based on the study findings, the analyzed countries were divided into three groups: the group of innovators, the stable group and the group of students. The analysis revealed the relationship of all three analyzed variables with air transport. The development of the aviation sector leads to a significant increase in GHG emissions from transport, increased revenues from environmental taxes and acceleration of the rate of economic growth of a country.

scholarly journals Evaluation of direct subsides granted to agricultural produces in Hajdúböszörmény

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Antal Uzonyi ◽  
Péter Horváth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Herfindahl Index ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The accession of Hungary to the EU can be considered a milestone in the life of domestic agriculture, as currently 70% of the income of agricultural producers is funded by agricultural and rural development subsidies. Besides the timeliness of the topic, it is to be highlighted that agriculture has great traditions in Hajdúböszörmény. As a general objective of the study, the relationship of agricultural producers in Hajdúböszörmény with direct subsidies was determined. In the first part of the research, agricultural subsidisation systems of the European Union and Hungary were processed. Subsequently, with regard to Hajdúböszörmény and based on the subsidy-related data available for the period of 2008-2017, subsidies paid during the last 10 years were demonstrated in various breakdowns (resources, funds, settlements and subsidy type). In addition to the above, measurement of the concentration of direct subsidies was realised by means of three concentration indexes (Lorenz curve, CR concentration, Hirschman-Herfindahl index).  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document