Legitimacy of the Dissolution of Beliefs by Community Organizations

Article 28E paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution states "Every person shall be free to choose and to practice the religion of his/her choice, to choose one’s education, to choose one’s employment, to choose one’s citizenship, and to choose one’s place of residence within the state territory, to leave it and to subsequently return to it.” In paragraph (2), everyone has the right to the freedom to believe in his/her beliefs, to express his/her views and thoughts, according to his/her conscience. The constitutional guarantees for believers can also be seen in Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution stating that the state shall be based upon the One and Only God and the State guarantees all persons the freedom of worship, each according to his/her own religion or belief. The Constitutional Court affirms that the right to adhere to a religion or belief in God Almighty is a citizen's constitutional right, not a gift from the state. Therefore, the state is obliged to protect and guarantee the fulfillment of the rights of it’s the citizens to embrace a belief other than the six religions developed in Indonesia. However, in practice the dissolution of beliefs is actually carried out by community organizations. In this study, two things will be discussed namely: 1) What is the legal position of adherents of belief in the national legal system? 2) Do community organizations have the authority to dissolve religious beliefs? This research is normative juridical research, in which the problems in this research are analyzed qualitatively.

Ways of implementation of the national concept of the integrated organization of police activity

The analysis of the current law enforcement system allows to state the existence of certain problems related to its construction and some aspects of activity. After the administrative reforms in Ukraine, the indicators of assessing the level of public confidence in the National Police gradually began to improve, but the practice of foreign countries shows better breakthroughs in the organization of policing. Therefore, the relevance of the article is explained by the need to introduce in the national legal system a new concept of policing, which would take into account the successful experience of foreign countries and course of our country for European integration. First of all, the article is devoted to the analysis of the existing models of law enforcement systems in the world in order to determine the most favorable and effective for national law. It was found that the integrative model of organization of police activities today demonstrates the most effective indicators in the work of foreign police, so it can be considered a guide for implementation in Ukraine. Based on this, the author proposes his own definition of the term "integrated policing". The author pays special attention to the successful experience of the Baltic States and the United States in policing, in particular in the field of training highly qualified police officers, police and community cooperation in partnership, and international cooperation in exchanging experience of specialized law enforcement services. For example, the national legal system should pay attention to such development programs as the creation of port police, increasing the duration of specialized training of police officers, involving citizens in patrols on a voluntary basis, increasing the competence of local police departments. Analyzing the relevant practice of foreign countries, the author pays attention to the peculiarities of the functioning of the national law enforcement system, as well as its own achievements. In conclusion, there are several possible ways to introduce into the legislation of Ukraine the main development programs and principles of functioning of the police of foreign countries in Europe and America. The main result of the work is the design of the concept of an integrated organization of policing and the expected results from its implementation - reaching a new level in the process of European integration.

MANIFESTATION OF SHARIA REGIONAL REGULATIONS IN MANAGING SOCIAL MORALITY

This study discuss about the manifestations of shariah perda in managing of sosial morality. The type of this research is a qualitative descriptive using the sociological, historical and normative juridical approaches. The results of this study suggest that the sharia regional regulations are established based on the Koran and hadith. In the history of its formation, it is inseparable from the formation of national law by observing the three periods of its formation, especially regarding regional autonomy. It is also necessary to understand that if you look at the position of regional regulations, especially sharia regulations by looking at the legal system in force in this country, it can be understood that Islamic sharia has an important position in the formation of law in Indonesia. This regulation aim of safeguarding and protecting the dignity of the community. Although there is opposition and rejection of it, this rule is in accordance with the national legal system and makes a great contribution to managing people's lives. Because one of the functions of law is to regulate or control the actions and behavior of the community so as not to do actions that are detrimental to themselves and to the surrounding community.

National Law Development through Civil Procedure Law Reform as a Manifestation of State Goals during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The purposes of this paper are: (i) to describe various problems in the philosophical, sociological and juridical aspects of the existence of civil procedural law as formal law in Indonesia; and (ii) offer solutions to these problems by updating the civil procedural law. The method in this paper uses normative legal research with a statutory approach by conducting a literature study using primary and secondary materials. The results of this paper indicate several things. The first, sociologically, people's lives develop dynamically so that the provisions of civil procedural law are not in accordance with the times. As for juridically, this provision is not unification, legal uncertainty, and a legal vacuum. The second, legal reform is part of the development of national law by taking into account the framework of the national legal system. The third, there are efforts and forms of civil procedural law reform carried out by each element of state power. The novelty of this paper is containing a comprehensive discourse that answers the problem of the applicability of civil procedural law with the efforts and forms of reform of civil procedural law in Indonesia. The conclusion in this paper is the provisions of civil procedural law need to be updated based on philosophical, sociological, and juridical considerations. Reform of civil procedural law must take into account the national legal system, principles, and content material in its formation.

The Legal Nature of Force-Majeure

This article analyzes the legal nature of the force majeure in the system of legal relations. The will of the parties to a force majeure legal relationship, as a sudden or unavoidable event or situation involving their will, affects the rights and obligations between them and has certain legal consequences, the whole system of legal relations has also been examined as the basis for exemption from liability or exclusion of liability. Approaches have also been explored in distinguishing a situation that led to harm as a risk (risk) or force majeure situation in determining liability for breach of obligation. The conditions for the use of force majeure in the continental and general legal systems are analyzed, and scientific conclusions are drawn on its legal nature and its role in the national legal system.

Peculiarities of teaching a foreign language to lawyers students

The language of law is a technical language, different from other technical languages such as mathematics or physics, as it is bound to the national legal system and has its own highly specialised terminology. In a language of special communication, the text is expressed in a special language or sub-language that is subject to specific syntactic, semantic and pragmatic rules. Purpose of the study: To examine the specific features of teaching a foreign language to lawyers students. A systematic review can be explained as a research method and process for identifying and critically evaluating relevant studies and for collecting and analysing data from those studies. An excellent result of teaching legal English involves providing students with the ability to formulate speech with specific terminology and to develop their thinking about the law. Here's why teachers encourage discussion and role-playing to improve students' oral expression. An excellent method of developing listening skills in the absence of native speakers is video. We use this method with our class and it has proved very effective in attaining communication purposes. Teachers design all kinds of exercises for students and apply them while watching or post-viewing videos.

Transformation of the national legislation of Ukraine in the context of globalization

The article studies the directions of transformation of the national legislation of Ukraine in the context of globalization based on the dialectical method. Specifically, the notions “legislation” and “globalization” are analyzed; the meaning of the concepts of “national legislation of Ukraine” and “legal globalization” is specified; the factors which define features of transformation of the national legislation of Ukraine in modern conditions of globalization are established. As a result of the study it is proved that the main directions of transformation of the national legislation of Ukraine in the conditions of globalization are the following: borrowing the European (Western) legal tradition and its adaptation to the national legal system of Ukraine; reception of innovative legal institutions while preserving the national legal tradition; the influence of international law, first of all, the Acquis communautaire (adaptation of the national legislation of Ukraine to the law of the European Union); hierarchical (vertical) and sectoral (horizontal) structure of legislation, which is characteristic of the legal systems of the Romano-Germanic legal family; development of such types of normative activity of public authorities as systematization, codification, ordering, unification, etc.

Review of the Political Direction of National Legal Development Law

The political direction of the law in Indonesia in the development of national law simplifies legislation. The scope of national legal development is not only through legislation. There is the functionalization of the law that lives in society. The purpose of the research describes the political urgency of law in the development of national law and reviews the political direction of national law development law. This research uses a philosophical approach, namely to examine the law from the ideal side in the form of an idea of the direction of national law politics in the future. The results of this study show that the politics of law is necessary to provide direction in the development of national law. Each country has a legal political direction whose role as the basic policy of state organizers to determine the direction, shape, and content of the law to be established. Legal politics as a strategy of the formation process, as well as the implementation of laws based on the national legal system to achieve the goals and ideals of the state. The political direction of the law in Indonesia in the development of national law simplifies legislation. The scope of the development of the national legal system can be through legislation and functionalization of the living law. The political direction of the law in Indonesia in the development of national law simplifies the process of legislation. The impact will only be a successful legal state in law-making, but weak in law in action. The implication of this study is to expand the political direction of national law which includes the functionalization of the living law. By functionalizing "the living law", the resulting law is rooted in the legal consciousness of society.

Constitutional mechanism for the protection of citizens' rights: an anthropocentric approach

The purpose of the article is to study the legal nature of human rights, as well as to study the constitutional mechanism for protecting the rights of citizens (on the example of the Russian Federation). The article uses the inductive method, the method of systematic scientific analysis, as well as comparative legal and historical methods. The leading method, which is the basis for solving the problem, is to study the legal foundations and features of the implementation of the protection of citizens' rights through the use of constitutional methods and modes (tools) of legal protection. The article proved the theoretical unsolved problem of the effectiveness of the implementation of the constitutional mechanism for the protection of citizens' rights. The criticism of the classical doctrine of human rights as a scientific discourse was quite justified. Legal science needs a holistic and consistent anthropological and legal dogma of human rights, including for solving practical problems of the national legal system, in particular the Russian one, where even the constitutional text needs a human-centered interpretation.

On the issue of restriction of individual rights in civil law. Correlation between the concepts of restriction and encumbrance of civil rights

In this article the author considers the concept of restriction of individual rights in civil law, as well as the re-lationship between the concepts of restriction and encumbrance of civil rights. First of all, the lack of a legislative definition of the concept of restriction of individual rights in civil law, as well as the ambiguity of the position of the legislator on the use of the term restriction and its place among related conceptsIn writing this work, first of all, attention was paid to the Constitution of Ukraine, which is the Basic Law, which serves as a guide that establishes the general boundaries of human and civil rights. The connection of the provisions of the Constitution with the norms of the Civil Code of Ukraine within the framework of the chosen topic was presented. Emphasis is placed on the fundamental principle according to which the national legal system is built, namely: “everything is allowed that is not expressly prohibited by law.”The views of some scholars who adhere to their vision of the concepts under study are given. In addition, in this study, the relationship between the concepts of restriction and encumbrance of individual rights in civil law. In the process of writing this work, the positions of legal scholars who had relatively similar positions were given. They distinguish between the above concepts, and provide the relevant features. However, outside the scope of this study were many works of scientists who do not see a difference in these concepts.None of this was left out of the regulatory framework for the definition of the above concepts at the legislative level. In particular, it was found that in contrast to the concept of restriction of individual rights, including in civil law, the current legislation contains a definition of encumbrance. There are several acts that provide this definition. And in all cases, the definition is different.Based on the analysis of regulations, it was found that the legislator does not consistently approach the definition of encumbrance. In particular, in some cases the latter includes the encumbrancer’s right to the debtor’s movable property or restriction of such right, in others - prohibition or restriction of disposal and / or use of real estate, and in some cases the legislator identifies encumbrances and restrictions.According to the results of the study, the conclusions on the failure to define in national law the concept of re-strictions on the rights of persons in civil law, as well as the lack of a clear distinction between the concept of restric-tion of the right of person and encumbrance, in particular under civil law. There is a position on the need for further research on relevant topics, which will ensure clarity and clarity of the law, and promote its effective application, as well as consensus on this issue among scholars.