Acute toxicity of Nerium oleander aqueous leaf extract in rabbits

Acute toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract ofPhyllanthus niruriPhyllanthus niruriis a plant with medicinal properties. It is often used to treat mild malaria and the elimination of renal stones. However, studies on its toxicity are scarce. The study was carried out to determine if the aqueous leaf extract ofP. niruriadministered to female Sprague-Dawley rats would illicit evidence of toxicity. Fifteen female rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into 3 groups. Rats in Group 1 were given a single low dose (LD) of 2 000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract by oral gavage within 24 hrs. Rats in Group 2 were given a single high dose (HD) of 5 000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract by oral gavage within 24 hrs. Rats in Group 3 were not given any extract but drinking water and served as the control group (C). All the rats were observed for signs of toxidromes for 14 days. On the 15thday, all the rats were sacrificed. Body organs were harvested for macroscopic examination. Urine and blood samples were drawn and analyzed. Hematological tests performed included full blood count and hemoglobin. Biochemical examinations included bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatse (ALP), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), urea, and creatinine. The results of the three groups were not significantly different. Examination of the various body organs did not show any abnormality. Thus no toxicity was observed at the levels administered. The LD50of the aqueous extract is > 5 000 mg/kg. b.w.

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Toxic effects of Nerium oleander aqueous leaf extract on haematological parameters and histopathological changes of the lungs and heart in rabbits

Comparative Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1007/s00580-012-1548-9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 1189-1193 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sahar Taheri ◽

Amirali Solati ◽

Pezhman Moradi ◽

Abbas Tavassoly ◽

Jafar Yadi

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Nerium Oleander ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

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Phytochemical Study, Acute Toxicity and Fertility Potential Effect of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) on the Histology of Wistar Rats Testicles

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2021/v32i230373 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 62-69

Author(s):

Blahi Méa Adélaïde Nadia ◽

Affy Mataphouet Emmanuel ◽

Zougrou N’guessan Ernest ◽

Kouakou Koffi

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Female Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Phytochemical Study ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Fertility Potential ◽

Chemical Groups

Sarcocephalus latifolius is a popular medicinal plant used in treatment of many ailments basically in West Africa and particularly in Ivory Coast. Thereby, this study aims to find out the major chemical groups in the aqueous leaf extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius, its acute toxicity and its fertility potential. In this perspective, a phytochemical study to determine chemical groups was carried out. Furthermore, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted according to OECD guideline 423, using three female rats sequentially. As for the fertility study, it was performed on the histology of the testes of forty albino rats of 60 days of age weighing between 130 g and 170 g and treated for 30 and 60 days, at doses of 250; 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight from the aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius. The phytochemical screaming of the aqueous leaf extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius revealed the presence of polyterpene sterols, polyphenols, flavonoids, quinonics and alkaloids. In addition, the acute oral toxicity assay did not reveal any signs of toxicity, morbidity or mortality at studied doses. Finally, the histology of testes of the albino rats treated with the plant extract showed a more intense spermatogenesis, seminiferous tubules and more developed interstitial tissue compared to control. To sum up Sarcocephalus latifolius, although rich in phytochemical compounds, might not be toxic in a single dose and might have androgenic effects.

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Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Jatropha tanjorensis on parasitaemia and haematological parameters in mice infected with Plasmodium ber ghei

Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.4314/njb.v38i1.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 146-153

Author(s):

L.N. Ebenyi ◽

K.A. Yongabi ◽

F.U. Ali ◽

M.C. Ominyi ◽

C.B. Anyanwu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Research Work ◽

Negative Control ◽

Haematological Parameters ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

Medicinal plants are proven sources of many useful drugs in our modern world. Jatropha tanjorensis, known as hospital too far, is consumed highly in Africa as herbal medicine. This research work was done to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis on parasitaemia and haematological parameters in mice infected with Plasmodium ber ghei. The leaves of J. tanjorensis were extracted with distilled water and qualitative phytochemical analysis carried out. Acute toxicity studies were carried out using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline. The curative activity of the extract was examined using Rane’s test. A total of forty (40) mice were used for the study and they were infected with Plasmodium berghei. The infected mice were subdivided into five groups of six mice each and treated with different doses of standard drug (artemether/lumefantrine 25mg/kg) and extract (200, 400 and 800mg/kg body weight) for 4 days. After treatment, blood was collected and used for percentage parasitaemia, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration. The result of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpe noids, cardiac glycosides and anthra quinones. The result of the acute toxicity showed the signs of neither neurological, behavioral nor mortality at concentrations of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg oral doses within the first 24 hours and during the 14 days study period. A dose- dependent increase was observed in Total haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed cell volume (PCV) levels which was collaborated with increase in weight as compared with negative control. The leaf extract of J. tanjorensis also revealed a significant (p<0.05) suppression activity and mean survival time at the doses of 400 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg when compared with the negative control. The extract of Jatropha tanjorensis showed reasonable levels of anti-anaemia and antimalarial activities with no signs of acute toxicity. Therefore this study may support its use as an anti-prophylactic and blood tonic nutraceutical.

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The Climbing Performance, Neuromuscular Transmitter (ACHE) Activity, Reproductive Performance and Survival of Drosophila melanogaster Fed Diet with Mangifera indica Cold Aqueous Leaf Extract

Journal of Applied Life Sciences International ◽

10.9734/jalsi/2019/v22i230120 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Etuh Monday Alexander ◽

John Chinyere Aguiyi ◽

Iorjiim Walter Mdekera ◽

Ochala Sunshine Ogwu ◽

Oyeniran Oluwatosin Imoleayo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

High Dose ◽

Slight Reduction ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

Objective: To screen the toxic effect of Mangifera indica aqueous leaf extract in Drosophila melanogaster. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening was carried out. 20 Adult flies were exposed to 7.5 mg, 15 mg, 30 mg, 45 mg and 100 mg /10 g diet for acute toxicity (168hrs) while 50 flies were exposed to 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg/10 g diet for sub chronic (28 days). All concentrations were prepared in 1000µl of distilled water and replicated three (3) times. Diet+1000µl of Distilled water served as control. Fecundity/developmental toxicity, Climbing and AChE activities were carried out by exposing flies to the sub-chronic concentrations for 5 days. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. The acute toxicity test showed 100% mortality at 100 mg/ 10 g diet and 168hrs LC50 was 72.4 mg/10 g diet. The sub chronic toxicity test showed decrease in flies survival along concentration with a least survival at 10 mg/10 g diet. There was a slight reduction and elevation in the Climbing and AChE activities respectively but not statistically significant (p>0.05) compared to control. At 5 mg and 10 mg/10 g diet there was a delay in the development with few emerged flies. Conclusion: From the Results, it can be concluded that Mangiferaindica aqueous leaf extract may be toxic at high dose from 72.4 mg/10 g diet and might have an adverse effect on the development and survival of flies at sub chronic concentration as low as 2.5 mg/10g diet.

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