scholarly journals Phytochemical Study, Acute Toxicity and Fertility Potential Effect of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) on the Histology of Wistar Rats Testicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Blahi Méa Adélaïde Nadia ◽  
Affy Mataphouet Emmanuel ◽  
Zougrou N’guessan Ernest ◽  
Kouakou Koffi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Fertility Potential ◽  
Chemical Groups

Sarcocephalus latifolius is a popular medicinal plant used in treatment of many ailments basically in West Africa and particularly in Ivory Coast. Thereby, this study aims to find out the major chemical groups in the aqueous leaf extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius, its acute toxicity and its fertility potential. In this perspective, a phytochemical study to determine chemical groups was carried out. Furthermore, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted according to OECD guideline 423, using three female rats sequentially. As for the fertility study, it was performed on the histology of the testes of forty albino rats of 60 days of age weighing between 130 g and 170 g and treated for 30 and 60 days, at doses of 250; 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight from the aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius. The phytochemical screaming of the aqueous leaf extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius revealed the presence of polyterpene sterols, polyphenols, flavonoids, quinonics and alkaloids. In addition, the acute oral toxicity assay did not reveal any signs of toxicity, morbidity or mortality at studied doses. Finally, the histology of testes of the albino rats treated with the plant extract showed a more intense spermatogenesis, seminiferous tubules and more developed interstitial tissue compared to control. To sum up Sarcocephalus latifolius, although rich in phytochemical compounds, might not be toxic in a single dose and might have androgenic effects.

Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu (Siddha herbal syrup formulation) in animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sundaram Malayappan ◽  
Gayathri Natarajan ◽  
Logamanian Mockaiyathevar ◽  
Meenakumari Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gross Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Abstract Objectives Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats. Methods The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses. Conclusions The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.

scholarly journals Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous whole leaf and green rind extracts of Aloe vera in Wistar rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Nalimu ◽  
Joseph Oloro ◽  
Emanuel L. Peter ◽  
Patrick Engeu Ogwang
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Abstract Background Several local communities in Central, Western, Eastern, and Northern regions of Uganda have been using the whole leaf extracts of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Asphodelaceae) in the treatment of various ailments. Also, several commercial companies sell A. vera as soft drinks in Uganda. However, there are inadequate reports on the toxicities of such preparations. This paper reports the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of aqueous extracts of whole leaf and green rind of A. vera in Wistar rats. Methods Acute oral toxicity test was carried out in female Wistar rats at doses of 175, 550, 1750, and 5000 mg/kg, p.o. The animals were observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days. Similarly, a sub-acute oral toxicity test was performed in both sexes of rats at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o. daily for 28 days. All the groups of animals were monitored for behavioral, morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes, including mortality and compared with respective controls. Body weights were measured weekly while the animals’ relative organ weights, hematological, biochemical, gross, and microscopic pathology were examined on day 29. Results There was no mortality or apparent behavioral changes at the doses tested in acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests. Thus, the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) of green rind and whole leaf aqueous extracts was above 5000 mg/kg. Gross anatomy revealed that the rats’ relative spleen weight in green rind extract at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased compared to the control group. The creatinine levels in female rats that received green rind extract and the chloride ion levels in male rats administered whole leaf extract were significantly elevated. Conversely, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) levels significantly decreased at lower doses of the green rind extract compared to the control. Histopathology of the kidney revealed the renal interstitium’s inflammation at doses of 200 and 800 mg/kg of the whole leaf extract. Conclusion The findings demonstrated that A. vera green rind and whole leaf extracts are non-toxic at relatively high doses when used for a short duration. Prolonged use of the aqueous whole leaf extract might be associated with kidney toxicity.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Asare ◽  
Phyllis Addo ◽  
Kwasi Bugyei ◽  
Ben Gyan ◽  
Samuel Adjei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Acute toxicity studies of aqueous leaf extract ofPhyllanthus niruriPhyllanthus niruriis a plant with medicinal properties. It is often used to treat mild malaria and the elimination of renal stones. However, studies on its toxicity are scarce. The study was carried out to determine if the aqueous leaf extract ofP. niruriadministered to female Sprague-Dawley rats would illicit evidence of toxicity. Fifteen female rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into 3 groups. Rats in Group 1 were given a single low dose (LD) of 2 000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract by oral gavage within 24 hrs. Rats in Group 2 were given a single high dose (HD) of 5 000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract by oral gavage within 24 hrs. Rats in Group 3 were not given any extract but drinking water and served as the control group (C). All the rats were observed for signs of toxidromes for 14 days. On the 15thday, all the rats were sacrificed. Body organs were harvested for macroscopic examination. Urine and blood samples were drawn and analyzed. Hematological tests performed included full blood count and hemoglobin. Biochemical examinations included bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatse (ALP), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), urea, and creatinine. The results of the three groups were not significantly different. Examination of the various body organs did not show any abnormality. Thus no toxicity was observed at the levels administered. The LD50of the aqueous extract is > 5 000 mg/kg. b.w.

scholarly journals ANTIPYRETIC POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF ANNONA MURICATA.L AND SPERMACOCE ARTICULARIS. L.F. ON YEAST-INDUCED PYREXIA IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Maruvoor Arasi K ◽  
Krishnaveni C
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

 Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of in vivo antipyretic activity of the aqueous leaf extracts of Annona muricata L. and Spermacoce articularis. L.f.Methods: The acute oral toxicity was determined by the Organization of Economic and Cooperation Development-423 class methods, and the in vivo antipyretic activity was determined by brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia method.Results: The results showed that the aqueous leaf extract of A. muricata. L and S. articularis L.f plants is non-toxic and possessed significant antipyretic effect.Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the antipyretic activity of A. muricata. L and S. articularis L.f. The aqueous leaf extract of S. articularis L.f at a dose of 400 mg/kg showed a more significant effect (p<0.01) in lowering the hypothermia than the extract of A. muricata L but found to have a similar effect as the standard drug aspirin (100 mg/kg).

scholarly journals Acute oral toxicity of zein nanoparticles with encapsulated gamma oryzanol in Sprague Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Ubonphan Rodsuwan ◽  
Krittiya Thisayakorn ◽  
Benjawan Thumthanaruk ◽  
Savitri Vatanyoopaisarn ◽  
Dudsadee Uttapap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Gamma Oryzanol

Gamma oryzanol (GO) is well known for its antioxidant activity and health-promoting benefits. The gamma oryzanol-loaded zein nanoparticles (GOZNs) were successfully prepared in our previous study. In the present work, the acute oral toxicity of GOZNs was evaluated based on OECD guideline 420. GOZNs were fabricated by the liquid-liquid dispersion and lyophilized. The samples displayed a mean diameter of 311.20±3.01 nm and high loading capacity of 311.22±7.97 to 322.69±5.67 mg-GO/g-powder after 42-day storage at -18oC. Healthy female Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks of age) were used for the experiments. Five female rats were administered a single dose of 2,000 mg GO/kg body weight via the oral route. Observations of toxicity signs were recorded for the first 24 hours, and the changes in the general physical conditions were monitored for 14 days before the gross necropsy on day 15. The results show that Sprague Dawley rats exhibited normal growth, and neither mortality nor acute toxicity signs were observed throughout the study period. The findings revealed that GOZNs did not have acute toxicity and were safe when administered orally in Sprague Dawley rats for short periods with LD50 > 2,000 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Genotoxic Potential againstH2O2-Radical-Mediated DNA Damage and Acute Oral Toxicity of Standardized Extract ofPolyalthia longifoliaLeaf

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanion L. Jothy ◽  
Yeng Chen ◽  
Jagat R. Kanwar ◽  
Sreenivasan Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Open Circular

Medicinal plants have been used in medicoculturally diverse countries around the world, where it is a part of a time-honoured tradition that is respected even today.Polyalthia longifolialeaf extract has been previously reported as an efficient antioxidantin vitro. Hence, the genotoxic effects ofP. longifolialeaf were investigated by using plasmid relation, comet, andAllium cepaassay. In the presence of  ∙OH radicals, the DNA in supercoil was start nicked into open circular form, which is the product of the single-stranded cleavage of supercoil DNA and quantified as fragmented separate bands on agarose gel in plasmid relation assay. In the plasmid relation and comet assay, theP. longifolialeaf extract exhibited strong inhibitory effects against H2O2-mediated DNA damage. A dose-dependent increase of chromosome aberrations was also observed in theAllium cepaassay. The abnormalities scored were stickiness, c-mitosis, bridges, and vagrant chromosomes. Micronucleated cells were also observed at the interphase. The results ofAllium cepaassay confirmed that the methanol extracts ofP. longifoliaexerted no significant genotoxic or mitodepressive effects at 100 μg/mL. Thus, this study demonstrated thatP. longifolialeaf extract has a beneficial effect against oxidative DNA damage. This experiment is the first report for the protective effect ofP. longifoliaon DNA damage-induced by hydroxyl radicals. Additionally in acute oral toxicity study, female rats were treated at 5000 mg/kg body weight ofP. longifolialeaf extract and observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days.P. longifolialeaf extract did not produce any treatment-related toxic effects in rats.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute oral toxicity study of essential oils (Eos) from Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
DP Pradeep ◽  
K Murugan ◽  
G S Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Toxicity Studies

The use of crude herbal decoctions in the traditional treatment of diseases is a common practice.  Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin are commonly used for treatment of diverse categories of diseases such as infectious and non-infectious disease. Native people use the crude decoctions as bactericidal, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insecticidal activities. Its safety profile is not yet elucidated and therefore, this study was to analyze the acute toxicity of essential oils (Eos) from P. benghalensis and P. cablin as medicinal. Methods include acute toxicity study using male and female Wistar albino rats with single oral dose and followed up to 14 days as per the guidelines of OECD. Visual observations were carried regularly during the experimental period while body weight was measured weekly. Organ weight, clinical chemistry and hematology data were collected on the 7th and 14th days. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried. Oral administration of Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin revealed no treatment-related mortality in female rats up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In acute toxicity studies, no remarkable treatment related anomalies were observed compared to negative controls. Food consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematology did not showed sound variation between controls and treatment groups. However, creatinine, triglycerides, and monocytes were lower in the treated groups in 7th day as compared to control groups. No significant variations between male and female groups in relative organ weight, hematology were noticed. In conclusion, the Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin showed LD50 > 3000 mg/kg in acute toxicity studies. Keywords: Pogostemon benghalensis, P. cablin, traditional medicine, safety, plant medicine, adverse effect, acute oral toxicity

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