scholarly journals Native Pollinators (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in Cotton Grown in the Gulf South, United States

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Parys ◽  
Isaac L. Esquivel ◽  
Karen W. Wright ◽  
Terry Griswold ◽  
Michael J. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Species List ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
Cotton Fields ◽  
Bee Communities

Native bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) were sampled using bee bowls in two states to determine biodiversity in commercial cotton fields of the southern United States. In both states, native bee communities found in cotton fields were dominated by generalist pollinators in the genera Agapostemon, Augochloropsis, Halictus, and Lasioglossum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), and Melissodes (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Melissodes tepaneca (Cresson) was the most abundant species found in cotton fields in both states. Some species collected are known specialists on other plant taxa, suggesting they may be tourist species. Here we provide a baseline species list of native bees found in cotton. Ordination indicated separation between the communities found in the two states when pooled by genus, but these differences were not significant. While cotton is grown in highly managed and disturbed landscapes, our data suggest that a community of common generalist native pollinators persists. Many of these species are also found in other cropping systems across North America.

scholarly journals New records and range extensions of several species of native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from Mississippi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e25230
Author(s):  
Katherine Parys ◽  
Terry Griswold ◽  
Harold Ikerd ◽  
Michael Orr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Records ◽  
The State ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Native Bee

The native bee fauna of Mississippi, USA has been historically poorly sampled, but is of particular relevance to determine range limits for species that occur in the southern United States. Currently published literature includes 184 species of bees that occur within the state of Mississippi. Additions to the list of native bees known for Mississippi are reported with notes on range, ecology and resources for identification.The geographic ranges of seven additional species are extended into the state of Mississippi: Andrena (Melandrena) obscuripennis Smith, 1853,AnthemurguspassifloraeRobertson, 1902,Dieunomiabolliana(Cockerell 1910), Diadasia (Diadasia) enavata (Cresson 1872),Peponapiscrassidentata(Cockerell 1949),TriepeolussubnitensCockerell and Timberlake, 1929 andBrachynomadanimia(Snelling and Rozen 1987). These records raise the total number of published species known from the state to 191.AnthemurgusandBrachynomadaare also genera new to Mississippi.

scholarly journals A Native Bee, Melissodes tepaneca (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Benefits Cotton Production

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac L. Esquivel ◽  
Robert N. Coulson ◽  
Michael J. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Plant Basis

The cotton agroecosystem is one of the most intensely managed, economically and culturally important cropping systems worldwide. Native pollinators are essential in providing pollination services to a diverse array of crops, including those which have the ability to self-pollinate. Cotton, which is autogamous, can potentially benefit from insect-mediated pollination services provided by native bees within the agroecosystem. Examined through two replicated experiments over two years, we hypothesized that native bees facilitated cross-pollination, which resulted in increased lint of harvested bolls produced by flowers exposed to bees and overall lint weight yield of the plant. Cotton bolls from flowers that were caged and exposed to bees, flowers that were hand-crossed, and bolls from flowers on uncaged plants exposed to pollinators had higher pre-gin weights and post-gin weights than bolls from flowers of caged plants excluded from pollinators. When cotton plants were caged with the local native bee Melissodes tepaneca, seed cotton weight was 0.8 g higher on average in 2018 and 1.18 g higher on average in 2019 than when cotton plants were excluded from bees. Cotton production gains from flowers exposed to M. tepaneca were similar when measuring lint and seed separately. Cotton flowers exposed over two weeks around the middle of the blooming period resulted in an overall yield gain of 12% to 15% on a whole plant basis and up to 24% from bolls produced from flowers exposed directly to M. tepaneca. This information complements cotton-mediated conservation benefits provided to native pollinators by substantiating native bee-mediated pollination services provided to the cotton agroecosystem.

AN UNUSUAL NEW SPECIES OF ASCA FROM NORTH AMERICA (ACARINA: ASCIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1543-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert E. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
Southern United States

AbstractThe female and male of Asca acornis n. sp. are described and illustrated. This species occurs in arboreal habitats in the southern United States. The absence of the most salient diagnostic character of the genus Asca on adults of this species is discussed.

scholarly journals The Native Bees of Texas: Evaluating the Benefits of a Public Engagement Course

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Laurel Treviño Murphy ◽  
Shelly Engelman ◽  
John L. Neff ◽  
Shalene Jha
Keyword(s):  
Public Engagement ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
The Public ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bee Communities ◽  
The University

Declines in native bee communities due to forces of global change have become an increasing public concern. Despite this heightened interest, there are few publicly available courses on native bees, and little understanding of how participants might benefit from such courses. In October of 2018 and 2019, we taught the ‘Native Bees of Texas’ course to the public at The University of Texas at Austin Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center botanical gardens in an active learning environment with slide-based presentations, printed photo-illustrated resources, and direct insect observations. In this study, we evaluated course efficacy and learning outcomes with a pre/post-course test, a survey, and open-ended feedback, focused on quality improvement findings. Overall, participants’ test scores increased significantly, from 60% to 87% correct answers in 2018 and from 64% to 87% in 2019, with greater post-course differences in ecological knowledge than in identification skills. Post-course, the mean of participants’ bee knowledge self-ratings was 4.56 on a five-point scale. The mean of participants’ ratings of the degree to which they attained the course learning objectives was 4.43 on a five-point scale. Assessment results provided evidence that the course enriched participants’ knowledge of native bee ecology and conservation and gave participants a basic foundation in bee identification. This highlights the utility of systematic course evaluations in public engagement efforts related to biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals Does urbanization favour exotic bee species? Implications for the conservation of native bees in cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 20190574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Fitch ◽  
Caleb J. Wilson ◽  
Paul Glaum ◽  
Chatura Vaidya ◽  
Maria-Carolina Simao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Urban Warming ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
Pollinator Conservation ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Bee Communities ◽  
Bee Abundance

A growing body of research indicates that cities can support diverse bee communities. However, urbanization may disproportionately benefit exotic bees, potentially to the detriment of native species. We examined the influence of urbanization on exotic and native bees using two datasets from Michigan, USA. We found that urbanization positively influenced exotic—but not native—bee abundance and richness, and that this association could not be explained by proximity to international ports of entry, prevalence of exotic flora or urban warming. We found a negative relationship between native and exotic bee abundance at sites with high total bee abundance, suggesting that exotic bees may negatively affect native bee populations. These effects were not driven by the numerically dominant exotic honeybee, but rather by other exotic bees. Our findings complicate the emerging paradigm of cities as key sites for pollinator conservation.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Three Ophiosphaerella Species that Cause Spring Dead Spot of Bermudagrass

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1160-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C. Wetzel ◽  
Daniel Z. Skinner ◽  
Ned A. Tisserat
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Spring Dead Spot ◽  
Sexual Recombination

The distribution of three Ophiosphaerella spp. that cause spring dead spot (SDS) of bermudagrass was studied by systematically sampling two golf courses in Oklahoma and one in Kansas. O. herpotricha was isolated from all three locations and was the most abundant species. It was the only SDS pathogen found at Jenks, Oklahoma. O. korrae was isolated from Afton, Oklahoma, and Independence, Kansas, whereas O. narmari was only detected in samples from Afton. This is the first report of all three Ophiosphaerella species on bermudagrass at the same location. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker analysis was used to investigate inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity of Ophiosphaerella isolates from North America and Australia. A majority of the O. herpotricha and O. narmari isolates from Afton were distinct haplotypes, suggesting that sexual recombination was occurring within the population. Conversely, the presence of multiple isolates of O. herpotricha and O. narmari with the same haplotype also indicated that asexual propagation was occurring. The genetic diversity among O. herpotricha isolates from Afton was not distinctly different from that of isolates collected throughout the southern United States. In contrast, O. narmari isolates from Afton were distinct from those collected in Australia. The genetic diversity in O. korrae was markedly different than that in the other Ophiosphaerella spp. The population at Afton was dominated by just a few haplotypes, and these were nearly identical to isolates collected from bermudagrass and Kentucky bluegrass throughout western, central, and northern North America. However, O. korrae isolates collected in the southeastern United States were only distantly similar to other North American isolates.

NOTES ON SOME TROPICAL NOCTUIDS IN NORTH AMERICA

1937 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
A. Glenn Richards
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
The North

The following notes are written to place on record certain authentic records of tropical species taken in the southern United States. Most of these species are not at present recorded in the North American lists. Unless otherwise stated all specimens are in the author's collection.

scholarly journals Decades of native bee biodiversity surveys at Pinnacles National Park highlight the importance of monitoring natural areas over time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Meiners ◽  
Terry L. Griswold ◽  
Olivia Messinger Carril
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Agricultural Conversion ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
Bee Communities ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThousands of species of bees are in global decline, yet research addressing the ecology and status of these wild pollinators lags far behind work being done to address similar impacts on the managed honey bee. This knowledge gap is especially glaring in natural areas, despite knowledge that protected habitats harbor and export diverse bee communities into nearby croplands where their pollination services have been valued at over $3 billion per year. Surrounded by ranches and farmlands, Pinnacles National Park in the Inner South Coast Range of California contains intact Mediterranean chaparral shrubland. This habitat type is among the most valuable for bee biodiversity worldwide, as well as one of the most vulnerable to agricultural conversion, urbanization and climate change. Pinnacles National Park is also one of a very few locations where extensive native bee inventory efforts have been repeated over time. This park thus presents a valuable and rare opportunity to monitor long-term trends and baseline variability of native bees in natural habitats. Fifteen years after a species inventory marked Pinnacles as a biodiversity hotspot for native bees, we resurveyed these native bee communities over two flowering seasons using a systematic, plot-based design. Combining results, we report a total of 450 bee species within this 109km2natural area of California, including 48 new species records as of 2012 and 95 species not seen since 1999. As far as we are aware, this species richness marks Pinnacles National Park as one of the most densely diverse places known for native bees. We explore patterns of bee diversity across this protected landscape, compare results to other surveyed natural areas, and highlight the need for additional repeated inventories in protected areas over time amid widespread concerns of bee declines.

Invasion of the exotic cladoceran Daphnia lumholtzi into North American reservoirs

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Havel ◽  
William R. Mabee ◽  
John R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Daphnia Lumholtzi ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
History Of

Daphnia lumholtzi, a large cladoceran native to Africa, Asia, and Australia, has recently invaded reservoirs of the southern United States. We examined its distribution, history of invasion, and population dynamics in Missouri reservoirs. Surveys detected the species in 7 of 112 reservoirs in 1992 and 11 of 119 reservoirs in 1993. Analysis of quantitative zooplankton samples from two reservoirs over a 7-year period indicated that D. lumholtzi first reached detectable densities in 1990 and persisted during 1991–1993. Population maxima typically occurred in late summer, with the species absent from the plankton during winter and spring. Based on its current distributional patterns, D. lumholtzi appears to be capable of colonizing most reservoirs in the southern regions of North America.

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