scholarly journals Dicamba Retention in Commercial Sprayers Following Triple Rinse Cleanout Procedures, and Soybean Response to Contamination Concentrations

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Frances B. Browne ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Katilyn J Price ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Glycine Max L

The commercial launch of dicamba-tolerant (DT) crops has resulted in increased dicamba usage and a high number of dicamba off-target movement complaints on sensitive soybeans (Glycine max L.). Dicamba is a synthetic auxin and low dosages as 0.028 g ae ha−1 can induce injury on sensitive soybean. Tank contamination has been identified as one of the sources for unintended sensitive crop exposure. The labels of new dicamba formulations require a triple rinse cleanout procedure following applications. Cleanout efficacy might vary based on the sprayer type and procedure followed. This study was performed to quantify dicamba retention in commercial sprayers and assess the risk for crop injury from remaining contaminants. The results indicate triple rinse with water was comparable to cleanout procedures utilizing ammonium, commercial tank cleaners, and glyphosate in rinses. Dicamba contaminants in final rinsates resulted in <15% visual injury and no yield response when applied to sensitive soybeans at R1 stage. A survey of 25 agricultural sprayers demonstrated a cleanout efficacy of 99.996% by triple rinsing with water following applications of dicamba at 560 g ae ha−1, with concentrations of less than 1 ug mL−1 detected rinsates from the fourth rinse. A dose response experiment predicted dosages causing 5% visual injury and the yield losses were 0.1185 and 2.8525 g ae ha−1. However, symptomology was observed for all tested dosages, including the rate as low as 0.03 g ae ha−1. The results from this study suggest triple rinsing with sufficient amount of water (≥10% of tank volume) is adequate for the removal of dicamba residues from sprayers to avoid sensitive soybean damage. This study can provide producers with confidence in cleanout procedures following dicamba applications, and aid in minimizing risk for off-target movement through tank contamination.

Effect of numbers of Bradyrhizobium japonicum applied in commercial inoculants on soybean seed yield in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hume ◽  
D. H. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cubic Equation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Commercial Inoculants

In the absence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum populations in the soil, yields of field-grown soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) usually respond to inoculation with B. japonicum. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between numbers of B. japonicum per seed in inoculants and soybean nodulation and yield. A total of six field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 on new soybean soils. In dilution trials, Grip inoculant was applied to provide approximately 106, 105, 104, and 103B. japonicum per seed at two locations in 1989. Nodule number and mass, as well as seed yield, increased curvilinearly upward with increasing log10 most probable numbers (MPNs) of B. japonicum. The yield response curve was best fit by a cubic equation, which accounted for 97% of the variation in yield. Seed yields increased 19% (1.83 to 2.13 Mg/ha) from 105 to 106B. japonicum per seed. In field experiments involving 8 commercial inoculants in 1989 and 10 in 1990, and conducted at two locations in each year, responses to increasing log MPNs in the inoculants also were concave upwards and cubic. In the two years, 78 and 46% of the yield variation was accounted for by log MPN per seed. Increasing MPN per seed from 105 to 106 improved yields in first-time fields by an average of 24%, indicating the present minimum standard of 105B. japonicum per seed should be increased. Key words: most probable numbers, response to inoculation, nodulation, Glycine max (L.) Merrill.

Control of herbicide-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus var. rudis) with pre- and post-emergence herbicides in soybean

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Vyn ◽  
C. J. Swanton ◽  
S. E. Weaver ◽  
P. H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Weed Emergence

Common waterhemp was first identified in Ontario in 2002. Eight trials were conducted ove r a 3-yr period (2003-2005) at Cottam and Petrolia, Ontario to determine the efficacy of various preemergence and postemergence herbicides for the control of herbicideresistant waterhemp in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Waterhemp was resistant to the a cetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides at both locations and to the photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides at Petrolia; therefore, results varied by location. Results at Petrolia also varied across years. Waterhemp interference resulted in soybean yield losses of up to 73% in weedy versus weed-free checks. Preemergence-applied metolachlor, dimethenamid, and linuron provided greater than 80% control and metolachlor plus metribuzin 94% or greater control of waterhemp 70 d after emergence at both locations. Acifluorfen, fomesafen, imazamox plus fomesafen, and glyphosate applied postemergence resulted in 87% or greater waterhemp control 70 d after application at Cottam in 2003 and 2004 and at Petrolia in 2004; however, waterhemp control with these herbicides was only 60 to 66% at Petrolia in 2005 due to prolonged weed emergence. Multiple herbicide applications per season may be required for effective waterhemp control in soybean. Key words:

Glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) control with preplant herbicides in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Vink ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
François J. Tardif ◽  
Mark B. Lawton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Residual Control

Vink, J. P., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Tardif, F. J., Lawton, M. B. and Sikkema, P. H. 2012. Glyphosate-resistant giant ragweed ( Ambrosia trifida L.) control with preplant herbicides in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 913–922. Giant ragweed populations in southwestern Ontario have evolved resistance to glyphosate. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed interference in field crops can lead to significant yield losses. Eleven field trials [five with preplant (PP) burndown only and six with PP burndown plus residual herbicides] were conducted in 2010 and 2011 on Ontario farms with GR giant ragweed to evaluate the efficacy of various PP herbicides applied prior to soybean planting. Glyphosate applied at the recommended field dose failed to adequately control GR giant ragweed. The PP herbicides 2,4-D ester, cloransulam-methyl and saflufenacil applied alone and with glyphosate provided 97–99, 68–100 and 71–94% control, respectively and resulted in soybean yields equivalent to the weed-free check. Combinations of glyphosate plus cloransulam-methyl or linuron controlled GR giant ragweed 8 wk after application (WAA), 75–95 and 95–98%, respectively. Residual control with glyphosate plus linuron resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weed-free check. Based on these results, GR giant ragweed can be controlled prior to soybean planting in southwestern Ontario.

scholarly journals Effect of different organic composts and inorganic fertilizer on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and grain yields of soybean (Glycine max L.) under field conditions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Poultry Droppings

The study assessed the effects of composted corn wastes, poultry droppings and inorganic fertilizer on the number of nodules, nitrogen fixation and grain yields of soybean (Glycine max L.) under field conditions for 2 seasons. The experiments were conducted in the research sub-station of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, (IAR&T), Ilora, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria: (Derived Savanna Agro-ecology). Six experimental treatments namely; composted corn wastes boiled with table salt, composted corn wastes boiled with water alone, composted un-boiled corn wastes, composted poultry droppings, NPK 20- 10-10 fertilizer and control were applied to a soil with low fertility status. Soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated 6 times. The plantings were carried out twice at two consecutive plantings. The number of nodules, amount of nitrogen fixed as well as grain yield were evaluated. The field trial results showed a higher number of nodules, nitrogen fixation and grain yield response when the un-boiled composted corn wastes (F3) and composted poultry droppings only (F4) were applied to the field compared to the other treatments. The number of nodules, nitrogen fixation and yield were significantly higher at the end of the second plantings compared to the first reflecting a residual effect of the composts. The study concluded that the application of composted corn wastes and poultry droppings especially when the seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium and mycorrhiza improved the number of nodules, N2 fixation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) even when no boiling treatment was applied to the corn wastes. It is therefore recommended that maize cobs be converted to composts for improved soil productivity.

EFFECT OF ROW WIDTH AND POPULATION ON SOYBEAN YIELD IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. McLAREN ◽  
G. R. ABLETT ◽  
J. C. SCHLEIHAUF
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Glycine Max L

The effect of seeding rate (seeds per hectare) and row width (distance between rows) was examined for various adapted soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars in southwestern Ontario. Maple Arrow, Harosoy 63 and Harcor cultivars were grown in 18-, 35-, 53-, 71-, and 89-cm row widths seeded at 198 000, 395 000, and 593 000 seeds/ha during 1978 and 1979. The greatest yields were associated with the two narrowest row widths and the two highest seeding rates. Plant height, lodging, and bottom pod height varied mainly with seeding rate and cultivar. In another 2-yr study (1980 and 1981) Maple Arrow, Evans, S1346, Hodgson, A2575, and Harcor were grown at four row widths (18, 35, 53, and 71 cm) and two seeding rates (395 000 and 593 000 seeds/ha). A significant cultivar × row width interaction for yield occurred with Maple Arrow and Harcor showing the greatest yield response. Although a small seeding rate × cultivar interaction occurred, generally, seeding rates between 395 000 and 593 000 seeds/ha were adequate for all cultivars and all row widths.Key words: Glycine max (L.) Merr., seeding rate, row spacing, lodging, yield

scholarly journals Growth and yield response of selected improved soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) varieties to varying weeding regimes under a tropical condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-178
Author(s):  
CHIKEZIE ENE ◽  
ALOZIE ANYIM ◽  
UCHECHUKWU CHUKWUDI ◽  
EMEKA OKECHUKWU ◽  
UGOCHUKWU IKEOGU
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Glycine Max L

Response of Prickly Sida and Soybeans to Various Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry S. Jeffery ◽  
John Connell ◽  
Tom McCutchen ◽  
Joseph R. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Three preemergence and four postemergence herbicides were compared for control of prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) in soybeans (Glycine maxMerrill) and for level of phytotoxicity to soybeans. As a preemergence herbicide, chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea] provided better control of prickly sida than did linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea] which was more consistently effective than was naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) plus dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol). Chlorbromuron applied as a preemergence treatment caused slight crop injury. In most cases preemergence treatments followed by cultivation were effective in providing season-long control. The descending order of effectiveness for prickly sida control by the postemergence herbicides was: chlorbromuronmetribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] > prometryne [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] > dinoseb. Prometryne as a postemergence treatment following a preemergence herbicide increased prickly sida control more consistently than dinoseb used as the postemergence treatment. However, prometryne caused more crop injury than did dinoseb.Comparison of soybean yields from the weedy and weed free checks show that prickly sida caused only 9 to 14% yield losses in soybeans.

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