scholarly journals Differential Influence of No-Tillage and Precipitation Pulses on Soil Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Respiration of Summer Maize in the North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Kun Du ◽  
Fadong Li ◽  
Peifang Leng ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Chao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
The North ◽  
Precipitation Pulses

It is important to strengthen the studies on the response of soil respiration components to tillage practices and natural precipitation in cropland. Therefore, soil heterotrophic respiration (RH) and autotrophic (RA) respiration were monitored by a root exclusion method in the North China Plain (NCP). The tillage practices included no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT), and the study periods were the summer maize growth stages in 2018 and 2019. RH, RA, soil water content and temperature were measured continuously for 113 days by an automatic sampling and analysis system. The soil RH values on bright days and rain-affected days were higher under NT in 2018 (14.22 and 15.06 g CO2 m−2 d−1, respectively) than in 2019 (8.25 and 13.30 g CO2 m−2 d−1, respectively). However, the RA values on bright days and rain-affected days were lower under NT in 2018 (4.74 and 4.97 g CO2 m−2 d−1, respectively) than in 2019 (5.67 and 6.93 g CO2 m−2 d−1, respectively). Moreover, NT decreased RH but increased RA compared to CT in 2019. Compared to bright days, the largest increase in both RH and RA after rain pulses was under CT in 2019 (6.75 and 1.80 g CO2 m−2 d−1, respectively). Soil water content and soil temperature were higher in 2018 than in 2019. Moreover, NT increased soil water content and decreased soil temperature on bright days compared to CT in 2019. Furthermore, soil temperature accounted for more variations in RH on bright days and rain-affected days, but soil water content had a greater influence on RA on bright days. However, after precipitation, higher soil water content decreased RA under NT in 2018, while soil water content was positively related to RA under CT in 2019. This study determined the differential response of RH and RA to tillage practices and natural precipitation pulses, and we confirmed that excessively dry soil increases soil carbon loss after rain events in the NCP.

Effects of Typical Chemical Agents on Preventing Pollution and Controlling Drought in a Cherry Orchard

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1340-1344
Author(s):  
Ren Kuan Liao ◽  
Pei Ling Yang ◽  
Shu Mei Ren ◽  
Hang Yi ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
Chemical Agents

In the North China plain, serious Non-point-source (NPS) pollution and drought are two great concerns in agricultural production. In our studies, two typical chemical agents ( SAP and FA ) were selected to control drought and pollution in a cheery orchard. Soil water content, nutrient transport in soil profile have been researched. The results showed that the soil water content of treatments with chemical agents increased maximally by 19.4% relative to treatment without chemical agents, and increased by 35.2% for Ammonium-N in 20-60 cm soil layer ( main root zone ). However, in 60-120 cm deeper soil layer, the water leakage of treatments with chemical agents decreased averagely by 15.1% relative to treatment without chemical agents, and increased by 43.8% for Nitrate-N. The chemical agents hold water and nutrient in root zone and thus reducing the risk of pollutant leaching into the underground water. It can be found that treatment ( 150kg/h㎡ SAP + 300 times FA ) is the optimal combination group in all treatments. The chemical prevention technology provided a new guide for controlling drought and reducing NPS pollution in cherry planting in the North China plain.

Estimation of soil water content and evapotranspiration from irrigated cropland on the North China Plain

2008 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jiang ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang ◽  
Martin Wegehenkel ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Jun Xia
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain

The effects of CO2 database on a localized AquaCrop model construction based on the field experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
fawen li ◽  
chunya song ◽  
hua li
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract To examine whether the use of default CO2 database affected the simulation results, this paper built the AquaCrop models of winter wheat based on the measured CO2 database and the default CO2 database, respectively. The models were calibrated with data (2017–2018) and validated with the data (2018–2019) in the North China Plain. The residual coefficient method (CRM), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and determination coefficient (R2) were used to test the model performance. The results showed that the accuracy of simulation under the two CO2 database were both good. Compared with the default CO2 database, the simulation accuracy under the measured CO2 database had higher accuracy. In order to verify the model further, the simulated values of evapotranspiration, soil water content and measured values were compared and analyzed. The results showed that there were some errors between the measured evapotranspiration and the values of simulation in the filling and waxing period of winter wheat. In general, the simulation values of evapotranspiration were consistent with the measured value at different irrigation levels. The simulated values ​​of the soil water content at the three levels of irrigation were all higher than the measured values, but the simulated results basically reflected the dynamic changes of soil water content throughout the growth period. The model adjustment value of WP*(the normalized water productivity) were a difference under the two CO2 databases, which is one of the reasons for the difference in the simulation results. The results show that in the absence of measured CO2 data, the default CO2 database can be used, which has little influence on the model construction, and the accuracy of the model constructed meets the actual demand. The research results can provide a basis for the establishment of crop models in North China Plain.

scholarly journals Infiltration into Frozen Silty Clay Loam Soil with Different Soil Water Contents in the Red River of the North Basin in the USA

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debjit Roy ◽  
Xinhua Jia ◽  
Dean D. Steele ◽  
Xuefeng Chu ◽  
Zhulu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Contents

Predicting surface runoff and flooding in seasonally frozen areas such as the Red River of the North Basin (RRB) in USA is a challenging task. It depends on the knowledge of the complex process of infiltration in frozen soil, such as phase changes of water, ice content and distribution in the infiltration zone (the top 0–30 cm of the soil profile), soil pore size distribution, soil temperature and freeze–thaw cycles. In this study, the infiltration rates into frozen soil (Colvin silty clay loam according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Classification, and Chernozem according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) international soil Classification) were measured at three different initial water contents: permanent wilting point (PWP), θpwp; field capacity (FC), θfc; and between FC and PWP, θmid. Laboratory infiltration experiments were conducted using a Cornell sprinkle infiltrometer with three replications for each initial water content. Volumetric soil water content (θv) and soil temperature at three depths were also continuously monitored using sensors. The average infiltration rates were 0.66, 0.38, and 0.59 cm/min for three initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). Initial infiltration into frozen soil occurred quickly in the soil with θpwp because the soil was dry. Melted ice water contributed to the total soil water content over time, so it made the initial infiltration comparatively slower in the soil with θmid. Initial infiltration was also slower in the soil with θfc because the wet soil had very small pore space, so the soil rapidly reached its saturation after the infiltration started. The Horton infiltration equation was fitted with the observed infiltration rates for the soils with three initial water contents, and the goodness of fit was evaluated by using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The final infiltration rates from the fitted Horton equations were 0.060, 0.010, and 0.027 cm/min for the initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The soil water content along the soil profile changed with the amount of infiltrating water over time. However, the initial soil water content and melt water from ice resulting from soil temperature rise regulated the change in soil water content. The amount of ice melt water contribution to soil water content change varied among the soils with different initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The θv changed gradually in the θpwp soil, rapidly at 0 °C in the θmid soil, and less in the θfc soil. The change in pore distribution due to freeze–thaw cycles and soil packing altered the soil hydraulic properties and the infiltration into the soil. This study can provide critical information for flood forecasting model and subsurface drainage design in the RRB.

scholarly journals Responses of Cereal Yields and Soil Carbon Sequestration to Four Long-Term Tillage Practices in the North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Suying Chen ◽  
Peipei Yang ◽  
Yuming Zhang ◽  
Wenxu Dong ◽  
Chunsheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
The North ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Straw Return

Current tillage practices in the important winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system of the North China Plain are under debate because of negative effects on soil quality and crop yield. Therefore, a long-term experiment was conducted from 2001 to 2018 to determine the effects of soil conservation practices on crop yield and soil quality. The treatments were imposed following maize harvest and prior wheat seeding, and were defined as follows: (1) moldboard ploughing (0–20 cm) following maize straw removal (CK); (2) moldboard ploughing (0–20 cm) following maize straw return (CT); (3) rotary tillage following maize straw return (RT); and (4) no tillage with maize straw covering the soil surface (NT). Wheat straw was chopped and spread on the soil in all treatments and maize seeded without prior tillage. Wheat yields were higher in CT than RT and NT treatments (p < 0.05); NT had 18% lower wheat yields than CT. No significant differences were found between treatments in summer maize yields. The soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the surface layer (0–5 cm) was higher in NT and RT compared to CT and CK. However, SOC content in the 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm layers was lower in NT and RT compared to CT and CK. Similarly, available phosphorus in the surface soil was higher in NT and RT than in CT and CK. but the opposite was true for the lower soil layers. SOC stocks (0–30 cm) increased in all treatments, and were initially faster in NT and RT than in CT and CK. However, SOC stocks were higher in CT than in other treatments at the end of the experiment. This finding indicates that no tillage and reduced tillage decreased both wheat yields and soil C sequestration over time; it also indicates that CT was the most robust in terms of crop yields and soil C sequestration.

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