scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Sugar Beet

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. A. Leilah ◽  
Naeem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

Two field trials were conducted during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons at Aweesh Al-Hagar Village, center of Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A split-split-plot design with four replicates was used. The main plots were assigned three nitrogen fertilizer levels, i.e., 165, 220, and 275 kg/ha. The sub-plots were restricted to four gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations, i.e., 0, 80, 160, and 240 mg/L, and the sub-sub plots received GA3 application twice, i.e., 60 and 120 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that both root length and diameter, root and foliage fresh weights/plant, and root and foliage yields/ha increased with the incremental level of nitrogen and/or GA3 concentration. Foliar application of GA3 and N-fertilizers also significantly decreased quality parameters including sucrose and total soluble solid (TSS) percentages. Early application of GA3 (60 DAP) had an active role on sugar beet growth, yield, and quality compared with spraying at 120 DAP. Generally, fertilizing sugar beet with 275 kg N/ha or spraying GA3 with a concentration of 160 mg/L at 60 DAP is the recommended treatment for raising sugar yield under the ecological circumstances of this research.

Methodological studies on the precision of variety trials with sugar beet – effect of sample size and head rows

2020 ◽  
pp. 554-561
Author(s):  
Christine Kenter ◽  
Philipp Götze ◽  
Erwin Ladewig
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Yield And Quality

In Germany, the guidelines for variety trials with sugar beet require plots with 80–100 beets for a representative estimation of root yield. If possible, one or two head rows shall be planted perpendicular to the plots to avoid border effects at open alleys. The optimum sample size was determined in the 1970s and the effect of head rows has not yet been systematically studied. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effects of sample size and head rows on the precision of yield and quality data of sugar beet. Two series of field trials were carried out in Germany in 2016–2017. In the series “sample size”, conducted at 9 environments, samples of 30, 60, 90 and 120 beets were compared. With increasing number of beets, coefficients of variation and least significant differences for yield and quality parameters decreased, especially when the sample size was increased from 30 to 60 beets. Compared to the current standard of 90 beets, the precision of samples with 60 beets was similar for sugar content but lower for root yield. It is concluded that the current sample size should not be reduced. In the series “head rows”, ten variety trials were conducted without and with head rows. The precision of trials with and without head rows did not differ in general. The effect of head rows on least significant differences for root yield and sugar content was not consistent among environments. With head rows, absolute root yield (tonnes per ha) was lower and sugar content was higher than without, but the rank of varieties in relative white sugar yield remained unchanged. Sugar beet varieties can thus be tested in trials with and without head rows without losing precision, even within the same trial series.

scholarly journals Plant Endophytic Fungus Extract ZNC Improved Potato Immunity, Yield, and Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cao ◽  
Baoyou Liu ◽  
Xinning Xu ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Changxiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Potato Blight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fungus Extract

Endophytic fungi play an important role in plant survival and reproduction, but the role of their metabolites in plant growth and immunity, as well as in crop quality formation, is poorly understood. Zhinengcong (ZNC) is a crude ethanol extract from the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii, and previous studies have shown that it can improve the growth and immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. The aim of the study was to reveal the trade-off balance between plant growth and immunity by evaluating the mechanisms of ZNC on potato growth, yield, and priming immunity against the oomycete Phytophthora infestans indoors and in the field. ZNC maintained a good balance between plant growth and resistance against P. infestans with high activity. It induced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, promoted plant growth, yield and quality parameters, enhanced the expression of indoleacetic acid (IAA) related genes, and increased the absorption of nitrogen from the soil. Moreover, the plant endophytic fungus extract ZNC stimulated the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) pathway and contributed to the ZNC-mediated defense response. Two years of field trials have shown that irrigation with ZNC at one of two optimal concentrations of 1 or 10ng/ml could significantly increase the output by 18.83% or more. The quality of potato tubers was also greatly improved, in which the contents of vitamin C, protein, and starch were significantly increased, especially the sugar content was increased by 125%. Spray application of ZNC onto potato plants significantly reduced the occurrence of potato blight disease with 66.49% of control efficacy at 200ng/ml and increased the potato yield by 66.68% or more in the field. In summary, plant endophytic fungus extract ZNC promoted potato immunity, yield, and quality and presented excellent potential in agricultural applications.

Micronutrients through foliar application enhance growth, yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (15) ◽  
pp. 2275-2285
Author(s):  
R. M. Y. Zewail ◽  
I. S. El-Gmal ◽  
Botir Khaitov ◽  
Heba S. A. El-Desouky
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals SPRINGTIME FOLIAR APPLICATION OF PLANT BIO-REGULATORS ON OFF SEASON STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION UNDER MID HILL CONDITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-550
Author(s):  
Thejangulie Angami ◽  
◽  
S. R. Assumi ◽  
Homeswar Kalita ◽  
Kaushik Bhagawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Bud Initiation

To increase the strawberry production especially during offseason with the application of plant bio-regulators, the present study was conducted under subtropical mid-hill conditions of Arunachal Pradesh, India during spring-summer months of 2015-16. Effect of springtime foliar application of different plant bio-regulators viz., NAA, GA3, and BA on plant growth, yield and quality attributes of strawberry cv. Chandler with the advantage of increasing strawberry production during the off-season was accessed during the current study. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with ten treatment combinations (NAA, GA3, and BA at 50, 100, and 150 ppm each) replicated thrice considering water spray as control. The plant bio-regulators were sprayed at 25 days after transplanting and at the bud initiation stage. Results of the experiment revealed that the plants treated with GA3 150 ppm significantly influenced the plant height and number of leaves per plant at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after transplanting. The minimum number of days taken to open the first flower (62.11 days) and the maximum number of runners per plant (9.17) were also recorded in the plants treated with GA3 150 ppm. While, GA3 50 ppm treated plants yielded fruits with maximum berry length (3.69 cm), berry width (2.74 cm), average berry weight (13.99 g), number of berries per plant (21.11) and yield per plant (209.11 g). Concerning the quality parameters of fruits, plants treated with NAA 100 ppm exhibited maximum TSS (9.00° B), total sugar (7.23 %), and ascorbic acid content (77.82 mg/100 g) whereas, GA3 100 ppm treatment significantly increased the contents of anthocyanin (122.18 mg/100 g), total phenols (69.42 mg/100 g) and β-carotene (3.96 µg/100 g).

scholarly journals Expression Profiling of Candidate Genes in Sugar Beet Leaves Treated with Leonardite-Based Biostimulant

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh ◽  
Bahram Heidari ◽  
Giovanni Bertoldo ◽  
Maria Cristina Della Lucia ◽  
Francesco Magro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Yield And Quality

Leonardite-based biostimulants are a large class of compounds, including humic acid substances. Foliar application of biostimulants at field level improves plant growth, yield and quality through metabolic changes and stimulation of plant proton pumps. The present study aimed at identifying optimum dosage of BLACKJAK, a humic acid-based substance, which is able to modify genes involved in sugar beet growth. Thirty-three genes belonging to various biochemical pathway categories were tested in leaves of treated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) samples to assess gene expression profiling in response to BLACKJAK. Seedlings of a diploid and multigerm variety were grown in plastic pots and sprayed with two dilutions of BLACKJAK (dilution 1:500–1.0 mg C L−1 and dilution 1:1000–0.5 mg C L−1). Leaf samples were collected after 24, 48, and 72 h treatment with BLACKJAK for each dilution. RNA was extracted and the quantification of gene expression was performed while using an OpenArray platform. Results of analysis of variance demonstrated that, 15 genes out of a total of 33 genes tested with OpenArray qPCR were significantly affected by treatment and exposure time. Analysis for annotation of gene products and pathways revealed that genes belonging to the mitochondrial respiratory pathways, nitrogen and hormone metabolisms, and nutrient uptake were up-regulated in the BLACKJAK treated samples. Among the up-regulated genes, Bv_PHT2;1 and Bv_GLN1 expression exerted a 2-fold change in 1:1000 and 1:500 BLACKJAK concentrations. Overall, the gene expression data in the BLACKJAK treated leaves demonstrated the induction of plant growth–related genes that were contributed almost to amino acid and nitrogen metabolism, plant defense system, and plant growth.

scholarly journals Effect of Homa organic farming on growth, yield and quality parameters of Okra

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2205-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Adyant Kumar ◽  
Soumyabrata Chakraborty ◽  
P.W. Basarkar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2012 to study the biochemical efficacy of Homa organic farming practices in okra (Abelomoschus esculentus var. Arka Anamika) and laid out in randomized block design with 18 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consist of control treatments i.e. conventional control and homa control; homa treatments (Agnihotra and Om Tryambakam homa) and non-homa treatments; and liquid organic manures viz, Panchagavya, Jeevamruta and Gloria Biosol for soil and foliar application. Among the control treatments, organic control recorded highest growth, yield and quality parameters than other controls. Soil and foliar application of Gloria Biosol was significantly superior over all the treatments in terms of growth, yield and quality attributes and recorded 20.28% more plant height and 21.41% more yield than organic control treatments. Ascorbic acid and free total phenol content of okra fruits in homa treatments were also significantly superior over all the treat-ments and recorded 15.45% and 5.33% more over organic control, respectively. Thus, it may be recommended that soil and foliar application of Gloria Biosol, among all the Homa organic treatments, will give the better crop produc-tivity and its produce quality.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield and Quality Response of Three Wheat Varieties to Foliar Spray of Micro Nutrients

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Naveed ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Sheikh ◽  
Rizwan Maqbool
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Quality Response ◽  
Growth Quality

A field experiment was carried out to test the result of foliar application of micro nutrients on growth, quality and yield of three wheat verities. The trial was performed at Agronomic research area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Wheat varieties Jouhar 2016, Ujala 2015 and Gold 2016 were sown. Combination of micro nutrient (Zn 2%, B 0.5%, Fe 1%, Mn 1% and Cu 0.5%) with different amounts (no spray, water spray, 1000 mL/ha, 1250 mL/ha and 1500 mL/ha) was sprayed at booting stage. By results of this study,it is concluded that foliar spray of micro nutrients has significant effect on growth, yield and quality parameters. Statistically highly significant effect of 1250 mL/ha spray of micro nutrients mixture was observed on plant height (105.33 cm), grains/spike (48), grain yield (5336.3 Kg/ha), biological yield (12829 Kg/ha), carbohydrates (63.7%) and protein (11.4%) under V2F4 (Ujala 2015 + 1250 mL/ha micro nutrients).    

scholarly journals Early Sowing Combined with Adequate Potassium and Sulfur Fertilization: Promoting Beta vulgaris (L.) Yield, Yield Quality, and K- and S-Use Efficiency in a Dry Saline Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Ali A. A. Mekdad ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady ◽  
Esmat F. Ali ◽  
Fahmy A. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Positive Direct

Field trials for two seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) were conducted to investigate the influence of the addition of three levels of potassium (K) (K1 = 60, K2 = 120, and K3 = 180 kg K2O ha−1) and/or sulfur (S) (S1 = 175, S2 = 350, and S3 = 525 kg CaSO4 ha−1) to the soil, as well as the sowing date (the 1st of September, D1; or the 1st of October, D2) on the potential improvement of physiology, growth, and yield, as well as the quality characteristics of sugar beet yield under soil salinity conditions. With three replicates specified for each treatment, each trial was planned according to a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that early sowing (D1) led to significant improvements in all traits of plant physiology and growth, in addition to root, top, and biological yields and their quality, gross and pure sugar, and K- and S-use efficiencies based on root yield (R-KUE and R-SUE). The K3 level (180 kg K2O ha−1) positively affected the traits of plant physiology, growth, yield and quality, and R-SUE, and reduced the attributes of impurities, impurity index, and R-KUE. Additionally, the S3 level (525 kg CaSO4 ha−1) affirmatively affected plant physiology, growth, yield and quality traits, and R-KUE, and decreased impurity traits, impurity index, and R-SUE. The interaction of D1 × K3 × S3 maximized the yield of roots (104–105 ton ha−1) and pure sugar (21–22 ton ha−1). Path coefficient analysis showed that root yield and pure sugar content had positive direct effects with 0.62 and 0.65, and 0.38 and 0.38 in both studied seasons, respectively, on pure sugar yield. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlations were found between pure sugar yield and root yield (r = 0.966 ** and 0.958 **). The study results recommend the use of the integrative D1 × K3 × S3 treatment for sugar beet to obtain maximum yields and qualities under salt stress (e.g., 8.96 dS m−1) in dry environments.

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