Myronosets – a new productive and high-protein winter triticale cultivar, adapted to the woodlands/forest-steppe and forest-steppe of Ukraine

The creation of new triticale genotypes, the potential of which to a certain extent would meet scientific and production needs, will never lose its relevance. Purpose and objectives – to create a new productive and high-protein winter triticale cultivar, adapted to the Woodlands/Forest-Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The breeding work to expend the triticale diversity was continued at the Educational and Research Center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in 2007–2017. The control and environmental trials were conducted in 2009-2019 in the Woodlands (Polissya Institute of Agriculture NAAS (2007–2009); predecessor: seeded fallow), central Forest-Steppe (V.M. Remeslo Myronivska Institute of Wheat NAAS (2016–2019); forecrops: mustard, soybean, pea for seeds; Bila Tserkva NAU (2009–2016); predecessors: seeded fallow, potato), and northern Forest-Steppe (Institute of Horticulture NAAS (2016–2017); forecrop: perennial grasses). No mineral fertilizers were applied. No plant protection measures were taken. Hybridization was performed by manual emasculation of female components. Plants were pollinated by the twirl method 2–3 days after emasculation. The breeding material was studied in compliance with the guidelines of the All-Union Research Institute of Plant Breeding and the methodology of the state cultivar trials. Data were statistically processed, as B.А. Dospekhov described, using Statistica-5.5 and Excel-2003 software. Results and discussion. We focus on the importance of triticale for mankind both at the present and in the future. We retrospectively reviewed data on the creation of a new winter triticale cultivar, Myronosets. Bioecological features and morphological characteristics of the new cultivar are given. The grain yield and quality are also summarized. The article covers the quantitative parameters of dough and bread from Myronosets grain. We compared the yields, resistance to lodging, in-spike germination, resistance to fungal pathogens and unfavorable abiotic environmental factors in the new triticale cultivar and previously created ones. The data of the 2019–2020 state variety trials of Myronosets are analyzed, and they indicate that the new cultivar has a high potential in agroecosystems of the Woodlands and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Myronosets was found to be a source of the short stem (£90 cm) in subsequent hybrid generations. In 2008, interspecific hybridization within the notogenus × Triticosecale and double individual selection from F2–F4 hybrid populations derived from crossing (♀Avhusto x ♂Yahuar) x ♂K9844/93 followed by repeated improving selections in F10 allowed us to distinguish the best line, LCh97, which was later named as cultivar Myronosets. The new triticale cultivar can give > 7.5 t/ha. The average yield is 5.7 t/ha in the Forest-Steppe – Woodlands transition belt, 6.3 t/ha in the central Forest-Steppe, and 3.5 t/ha in the Woodlands. It is noticeable for high lodging resistance, high shedding resistance, low spike brashness, resistance to in-spike germination, complex resistance to Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm (8.5 points), Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer (9 points.), and Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (8.5 points) and to to the pest Mayetiola destructor Say (8.5 points), high frost tolerance, high winter hardiness, and high drought resistance (8.5–9 points). About 70% of plants survive the laboratory freezing at -18.3°C. The cultivar is also resistant to spring and autumn frosts (9 points). Myronosets plants were revealed to be able to regulate their performance under the influence of unfavorable extreme bio- and abiotic factors, leaving 3–4 (more seldom 1–2) fruiting stems, often 1–3 stems with underdeveloped spikes and 1–2 unfertile stems without spikes, which form a radical rosette. Conclusions. As it was shown in the state variety trials, Myronosets is a mid-protein cultivar and recommended for cultivation in agroecosystems of the Woodlands and Forest-Steppe. Myronosets was proven to be a source of the short stem

‘Tais’: a new pear cultivar for the Middle Urals

Expanding the assortment through the development of new highly adaptable cultivars is the main task of pear breeding in the Middle Urals. The most significant agronomic traits are winter hardiness, high fruit yield, and good fruit quality. The zoned pear assortment for the Middle Urals includes six cultivars. Six more cultivars now undergo the State Variety Trials. One of them is the new pear cultivar ‘Tais’ (breeding number DL-33-104), the result of crossing Dyuymovochka × Zhanna d’Ark. Cv. ‘Tais’ has been in variety studies at Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station (Yekaterinburg) since 2006. The new cultivar is characterized by good winter hardiness and productivity. The average yield at the age of 10–14 years is 9.42 tons per hectare, while the maximum yield is 19.81 t/ha. Fruits are yellow, with a good sweet taste, weighing 94 g. The content of dry matter is 11.9%, sugars 9.0%, and titratable acids 0.4%. According to the results of long-term research, the new pear cultivar ‘Tais’ was submitted to the State Variety Trials in 2017.

Breeding progress of disease resistance and impact of disease severity under natural infections in winter wheat variety trials

Key message Breeding progress of resistance to fungal wheat diseases and impact of disease severity on yield reduction in long-term variety trials under natural infection were estimated by mixed linear regression models. Abstract This study aimed at quantifying breeding progress achieved in resistance breeding towards varieties with higher yield and lower susceptibility for 6 major diseases, as well as estimating decreasing yields and increasing disease susceptibility of varieties due to ageing effects during the period 1983–2019. A further aim was the prediction of disease-related yield reductions during 2005–2019 by mixed linear regression models using disease severity scores as covariates. For yield and all diseases, overall progress of the fully treated intensity (I2) was considerably higher than for the intensity without fungicides and growth regulators (I1). The disease severity level was considerably reduced during the study period for mildew (MLD), tan spot (DTR) and Septoria nodorum blotch (ear) (SNB) and to a lesser extent for brown (leaf) rust (BNR) and Septoria tritici blotch (STB), however, not for yellow/stripe rust (YLR). Ageing effects increased susceptibility of varieties strongly for BNR and MLD, but were comparatively weak for SNB and DTR. Considerable yield reductions under high disease severity were predicted for STB (−6.6%), BNR (−6.5%) and yellow rust (YLR, −5.8%), but lower reductions for the other diseases. The reduction for resistant vs. highly susceptible varieties under high severity conditions was about halved for BNR and YLR, providing evidence of resistance breeding progress. The empirical evidence on the functional relations between disease severity, variety susceptibility and yield reductions based on a large-scale multiple-disease field trial data set in German winter wheat is an important contribution to the ongoing discussion on fungicide use and its environmental impact.

University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: ‘Harley Blackwell’

‘Harley Blackwell’ is a potato variety that is commonly grown for the potato chip market. It was selected from the progeny of a cross between B0155-24 and B9935-8 and tested under the pedigree B0564-8. It was released and named jointly by the Agricultural Research Service, the United States Department of Agriculture, the Agricultural Research Service of North Carolina, the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Virginia, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Florida, and New York, and the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station in 2000. Tuber production and quality results provided in this spotlight are summarized from various variety trials conducted at the UF/IFAS Hastings Agricultural Extension Center between 1998 and 2019.This is a minor revision with an author addition, last updated 5/2017. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1298

University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: ‘LaChipper’

‘LaChipper’ is a potato variety that is commonly grown for the fresh potato market in Florida. Under different growing conditions ‘LaChipper’ is suited for chip processing. It was selected from progeny of a cross between ‘Green Mountain’ and ‘Cayuga’ and tested under the pedigree L91-78. It was released by the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, LA in October of 1962. ‘LaChipper’ demonstrates high yield and good tuber characteristics compared to the commercial standard ‘Atlantic’. Tuber production and quality results provided in this spotlight are from Florida Potato Variety Trials conducted at the UF/IFAS Hastings Agricultural Extension Center between 1998 and 2016.

University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: 'Peter Wilcox'

‘Peter Wilcox’ is a fresh market potato variety selected from progeny of a cross between B0810-1 and B0918-5 and tested under the pedigree B1816-5 by the United States Department of Agriculture. In 2007, ‘Peter Wilcox’ was joint relesead with the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, the Agricultural Experiment Stations of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Florida, and New York, and the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. In Florida, ‘Peter Wilcox’ demonstrates good tuber characteristics and high yields. Tuber production and quality results provided in publication are from Florida Potato Variety Trials conducted at the UF/IFAS Hastings Agricultural Extension Center between 2001 and 2019.

University of Florida Potato Variety Trials Spotlight: ‘Yukon Gold’

‘Yukon Gold’ is a fresh market potato variety selected from the progeny of a cross between W5279-4 and ‘Norgleam’ and tested under the pedigree G6666-4Y. It was released jointly by Agriculture Canada and Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Canada in 1981. In Florida, ‘Yukon Gold’ demonstrates high yield and good tuber characteristics compared to the commercial standard ‘La Chipper’. Tuber production and quality results provided in this publication are from Florida Potato Variety Trials conducted at the UF/IFAS Hastings Agricultural Extension Center between 1999 and 2019.