Methodological studies on the precision of variety trials with sugar beet – effect of sample size and head rows

2020 ◽  
pp. 554-561
Author(s):  
Christine Kenter ◽  
Philipp Götze ◽  
Erwin Ladewig
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Yield And Quality

In Germany, the guidelines for variety trials with sugar beet require plots with 80–100 beets for a representative estimation of root yield. If possible, one or two head rows shall be planted perpendicular to the plots to avoid border effects at open alleys. The optimum sample size was determined in the 1970s and the effect of head rows has not yet been systematically studied. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effects of sample size and head rows on the precision of yield and quality data of sugar beet. Two series of field trials were carried out in Germany in 2016–2017. In the series “sample size”, conducted at 9 environments, samples of 30, 60, 90 and 120 beets were compared. With increasing number of beets, coefficients of variation and least significant differences for yield and quality parameters decreased, especially when the sample size was increased from 30 to 60 beets. Compared to the current standard of 90 beets, the precision of samples with 60 beets was similar for sugar content but lower for root yield. It is concluded that the current sample size should not be reduced. In the series “head rows”, ten variety trials were conducted without and with head rows. The precision of trials with and without head rows did not differ in general. The effect of head rows on least significant differences for root yield and sugar content was not consistent among environments. With head rows, absolute root yield (tonnes per ha) was lower and sugar content was higher than without, but the rank of varieties in relative white sugar yield remained unchanged. Sugar beet varieties can thus be tested in trials with and without head rows without losing precision, even within the same trial series.

scholarly journals The effect of crop rotation on performance and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. ORAZIZADEH ◽  
Mostafa HOSSEINPOUR ◽  
Parviz FASAHAT
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Trial Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Stability

Sugar beet and sugarcane are two major crops for sugar extraction throughout the world. However, the sugar beet importance is not just about sugar production but it also plays an important role in crop rotation and increased productivity in various industries as well as livestock feed. In this study the long-term (2009-16) field trial effect of alfalfa (4 years)-winter wheat (1 year)–fallow (1year)-sugar beet rotation on yield and quality parameters of sugar beet were evaluated for two consecutive rotations. The field trials were carried out at single location in Karaj, Iran, using randomized complete block design with four replications. Analysis of variance showed that the seasonal factors influenced different traits. In the first and second rotations, the root yield ranged from about 56.5 to 83.2 and 61.4 to 77.8 t ha-1, respectively with significant difference among cultivars in the first rotation. However, no significant difference was observed among both rotations in terms of root yield. Same results were obtained for sugar yield in both rotations which illustrates the stability of the above-mentioned traits. Except for sugar content, significant difference was observed among other traits in both rotations. We show for the first time the effect of completing two rotation sequences on sugar beet performance and quality for decision making into a continual expansion/development of crop cultivation.

scholarly journals Influence of fertilization and nitrate-nitrogen position in soil profile on the sugar beet root yield and quality

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Goran Jacimovic ◽  
Branko Marinkovic ◽  
Jovan Crnobarac ◽  
Darinka Bogdanovic ◽  
Lazar Kovacev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Root Quality

Researches, which have lasted for two years, were carried out on long-term trial field at Rimski Sancevi, Novi Sad, Serbia. In this trial, the eight fertilization variants of N, P2O5 and K2O increased amounts were studied. Sugar beet root and tops yields were determined, as well as the elements of technological sugar beet root quality. Based on these results, percentage of sugar utilization and refined sugar yield was defined. In the spring, before applying of N fertilizer, amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil and its influence on yield and quality was determined. The highest root yield in 2002 was produced at the variant N100 P150 K150, and in 2003 at the variant N150 P150 K150. However, in both years, referring to the variant N100 P100 K100, the differences were not statistically significant. Increasing of nitrogen amounts had negative effects on refined sugar yield. Amounts of NO3-N in the soil in spring, before sugar beet sowing, in 2002 had significant influence on root yield and refined sugar yield. In the year 2003, which was highly dry, high correlation ratio were gained between amounts of NO3-N in the soil and root quality parameters, but it wasn't significant between nitrogen amounts and root and refined sugar yield.

scholarly journals Effect of soil potassium on yield and quality of diverse sugar beet genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 418-423
Author(s):  
M. Antunović ◽  
D. Rastija ◽  
M. Pospišil
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sugar Beet Root

Aiming at determination differences in leaf and root potassium concentration of diverse sugar beet genotypes as well as its effect on sugar beet root quality and yield. Investigations comprising 15 sugar beet genotypes (five multigerm lines, five hybrids and five monogerm lines) were carried out on two soil types (Calcic luvisol: L-1 and L-3 and Calcic gleysol: L-2 and L-4) during two growing seasons. Root yield of the investigated genotypes on Calcic luvisol (50 t/ha) was higher, than on Calcic gleysol (34 t/ha). In general, multigerm lines were known for the highest leaf potassium concentration (2.75%), lowest root one (3.78 mmol/100 g root), highest sugar content (13.8%) and best root extractable sugar (1.5%). Monogerm lines had the lowest leaf potassium concentration (2.51%), highest root one (4.24 mmol/100 g root), lowest sugar content (12.9%), and the poorest extractable sugar (10.7%). Root yield of the investigated hybrids (48 t/ha) was higher by 16% compared to multigerm lines yield (42 t/ha) and as much as 35% higher compared to monogerm lines (36 t/ha). Sugar beet root potassium was in significantly negative correlation with sugar content at three localities (L-1: r = –0.485**, L-2: r = –0.096, L-3: r = –0.687**, L-4: r = –0.337**) whereas at all four localities it was in negative correlation with extractable sugar (L-1: r = –0.634**, L-2: r = –0.407**, L-3: r = –0.930**, L-4: r = –0.749**). Potassium concentration in sugar beet leaf was in significant positive correlation with sugar content at three localities (L-1: r = 0.382**, L-2: r = 0.231, L-3: r = 0.717**, L-4: r = 0.516**).

scholarly journals Effect of bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and low fungicide dose seed treatments on parasite fungus Aphanomyces cochlioides and sugar beet yield and quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No, 7) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
S. Kristek ◽  
A. Kristek ◽  
V. Guberac ◽  
A. Stanisavljević
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Aphanomyces Cochlioides ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Inoculation

Effect of sugar beet seed inoculation with a bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and treatment by fungicides Thiram 42-S and Dithane S-60 with and without seed inoculation aiming to control Aphanomyces cochlioides – root decay agent was studied. The trial lasted for three years on two soil types (Mollic Gleysols and Eutric Cambisols). The following parameters of sugar beet yield and quality were investigated: root yield, sugar content, sugar in molasses, sugar yield as well as percentage of the infected and decayed plants as a consequence of parasite fungus infestation. The highest average sugar beet root yield was obtained in the variant of the seed treated with fungicide Thiram 42-S and inoculated with bacterium P. fluorescens (85.15 t/ha). However, there were no statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the above-mentioned variant and the one with seed inoculated only with bacterium P. fluorescens (84.63 t/ha). The highest mean sugar content of 16.39% was also accomplished during the three-year investigation in the variant of the inoculated seed treated by fungicide Thiram 42-S. All other variants accomplished statistically very significantly lower values of this parameter. The same variant was characterized by the highest mean sugar yield value (12.79 t/ha) on both soil types. Namely, an average sugar yield of the variants inoculated with bacteria was 11.22 t/ha and by 44.22% higher compared to an average yield of non-inoculated variants. The highest percent of the infected and decayed plants (average value on both soil types in the three year investigation) was reported in the control variant (28.92% infected and 25.00% decayed plants) whereas the lowest one was detected in the variant of the seed inoculated with bacterium P. fluorescens in combination with low dose of fungicide Thiram 42-S (4.70% infected plants and 2.88% decayed plants). An average percent of the infected plants inoculated with bacterium P. fluorescens was 9.13% whereas the aforesaid value of the plants infected with parasitic fungus A. cochlioides in non-inoculated variants was by 146.00% higher being 22.42%.

scholarly journals Plant Endophytic Fungus Extract ZNC Improved Potato Immunity, Yield, and Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cao ◽  
Baoyou Liu ◽  
Xinning Xu ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Changxiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Potato Blight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fungus Extract

Endophytic fungi play an important role in plant survival and reproduction, but the role of their metabolites in plant growth and immunity, as well as in crop quality formation, is poorly understood. Zhinengcong (ZNC) is a crude ethanol extract from the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii, and previous studies have shown that it can improve the growth and immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. The aim of the study was to reveal the trade-off balance between plant growth and immunity by evaluating the mechanisms of ZNC on potato growth, yield, and priming immunity against the oomycete Phytophthora infestans indoors and in the field. ZNC maintained a good balance between plant growth and resistance against P. infestans with high activity. It induced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, promoted plant growth, yield and quality parameters, enhanced the expression of indoleacetic acid (IAA) related genes, and increased the absorption of nitrogen from the soil. Moreover, the plant endophytic fungus extract ZNC stimulated the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity (PTI) pathway and contributed to the ZNC-mediated defense response. Two years of field trials have shown that irrigation with ZNC at one of two optimal concentrations of 1 or 10ng/ml could significantly increase the output by 18.83% or more. The quality of potato tubers was also greatly improved, in which the contents of vitamin C, protein, and starch were significantly increased, especially the sugar content was increased by 125%. Spray application of ZNC onto potato plants significantly reduced the occurrence of potato blight disease with 66.49% of control efficacy at 200ng/ml and increased the potato yield by 66.68% or more in the field. In summary, plant endophytic fungus extract ZNC promoted potato immunity, yield, and quality and presented excellent potential in agricultural applications.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Sugar Beet

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. A. Leilah ◽  
Naeem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

Two field trials were conducted during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons at Aweesh Al-Hagar Village, center of Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A split-split-plot design with four replicates was used. The main plots were assigned three nitrogen fertilizer levels, i.e., 165, 220, and 275 kg/ha. The sub-plots were restricted to four gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations, i.e., 0, 80, 160, and 240 mg/L, and the sub-sub plots received GA3 application twice, i.e., 60 and 120 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that both root length and diameter, root and foliage fresh weights/plant, and root and foliage yields/ha increased with the incremental level of nitrogen and/or GA3 concentration. Foliar application of GA3 and N-fertilizers also significantly decreased quality parameters including sucrose and total soluble solid (TSS) percentages. Early application of GA3 (60 DAP) had an active role on sugar beet growth, yield, and quality compared with spraying at 120 DAP. Generally, fertilizing sugar beet with 275 kg N/ha or spraying GA3 with a concentration of 160 mg/L at 60 DAP is the recommended treatment for raising sugar yield under the ecological circumstances of this research.

scholarly journals Effect of genotype on sugar beet yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nenadic ◽  
Milan Nedic ◽  
Ljubisa Zivanovic ◽  
Ljubisa Kolaric ◽  
T. Gujanicic
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

The effect of a considerable number of both domestic and foreign sugar beet genotypes on root yield and quality was investigated. The data demonstrated the most favorable results of some genotypes for root yield and sugar content. Trials were conducted on rhizomania infested soil, thus tolerant genotypes were used. Susceptible cultivars represented the control. In the trial root yield was high and sugar content low. On average, in the genotypes tested, root yield varied from 73.98 to 93.30 t/ha and sugar content from 11.90 to 13.36%, depending on weather conditions. Root yield of the genotypes investigated varied from 30.61 to 112.64 t/ha and sugar content from 10.60 to 14.20%. The Swedish cultivar Dorotea (tolerant to both rhizomania and cercospora) was the most yielding. The least yielding (susceptible to both rhizomania and cercospora) was the domestic cultivar Dana.

scholarly journals Effects of meat bone meal as fertilizer on yield and quality of sugar beet and carrot

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Kivelä ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Susanna Muurinen ◽  
Pirjo Kivijärvi ◽  
Veikko Hintikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield And Quality

Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a by-product of the meat industry and is an important pathway for recycling of N and P. MBM contains about 8% N, 5% P, 1% K and 10% Ca. Field trials compared the effects of MBM and mineral  fertilizer on yield and quality of sugar beet (2008-2009) and carrot (2010-2011) in Finland. MBM fertilisation of sugar beet grown on clay loam and sandy clay soil gave 11.4% (2008) and 19.6% (2009) lower yields than mineral fertilizers. The lower root yield in 2008 was compensated by higher extractable sugar content and lower amino-N, K and Na in root but no such compensation in root quality was detected for 2009. Mixing MBM with mineral NPK fertilizers had similar effects as MBM-alone. MBM (80 kg N ha-1 2010 and 60 kg N ha-1 2011) together with K fertilizer (Patentkali®, 180 kg K ha-1) were applied for carrot to a fine sandy till soil in 2010 and sandy loam in 2011. MBM alone gave 14% lower total and marketable root yield than mineral fertilization. The lower yield was compensated by improved quality, lower NO3- content in the carrot and good storability. Adding extra fertilizer during growth or separating fertilization applications had no effect on root yield or quality. MBM performed in these cases mainly as an organic N fertilizer. The N supply from MBM is not sufficient for achieving same yields as with mineral fertilizers. The relative N efficiency of total N of MBM was 83% that of mineral fertilizers. MBM should be targeted on soils with low P status.We conclude that MBM is a reasonably competitive alternative to mineral fertilizers, and as a recycled fertilizer it is a good option for organic production.

Development of the sugar beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 and introduction of invert sugar as a new parameter for beet quality assessment

2015 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk P. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Thick Juice ◽  
Trial Phase

The technological beet quality has been always important for the processors of sugar beet. An investigation into the development of the beet quality in the Netherlands since 1980 has shown that beet quality has improved significantly. Internal quality parameters that are traditionally determined in the beet laboratory, i.e. sugar content, Na, K and -aminoN, all show an improving trend over the years. In the factories, better beet quality has led to lower lime consumption in the juice purification and significantly higher thick juice purity. In 2013, Suiker Unie introduced the serial analysis of the glucose content in beet brei as part of the routine quality assessment of the beet. The invert sugar content is subsequently calculated from glucose content with a new correlation. The background, the trial phase and the first experiences with the glucose analyzer are discussed.

scholarly journals Early Sowing Combined with Adequate Potassium and Sulfur Fertilization: Promoting Beta vulgaris (L.) Yield, Yield Quality, and K- and S-Use Efficiency in a Dry Saline Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Ali A. A. Mekdad ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady ◽  
Esmat F. Ali ◽  
Fahmy A. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Positive Direct

Field trials for two seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) were conducted to investigate the influence of the addition of three levels of potassium (K) (K1 = 60, K2 = 120, and K3 = 180 kg K2O ha−1) and/or sulfur (S) (S1 = 175, S2 = 350, and S3 = 525 kg CaSO4 ha−1) to the soil, as well as the sowing date (the 1st of September, D1; or the 1st of October, D2) on the potential improvement of physiology, growth, and yield, as well as the quality characteristics of sugar beet yield under soil salinity conditions. With three replicates specified for each treatment, each trial was planned according to a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that early sowing (D1) led to significant improvements in all traits of plant physiology and growth, in addition to root, top, and biological yields and their quality, gross and pure sugar, and K- and S-use efficiencies based on root yield (R-KUE and R-SUE). The K3 level (180 kg K2O ha−1) positively affected the traits of plant physiology, growth, yield and quality, and R-SUE, and reduced the attributes of impurities, impurity index, and R-KUE. Additionally, the S3 level (525 kg CaSO4 ha−1) affirmatively affected plant physiology, growth, yield and quality traits, and R-KUE, and decreased impurity traits, impurity index, and R-SUE. The interaction of D1 × K3 × S3 maximized the yield of roots (104–105 ton ha−1) and pure sugar (21–22 ton ha−1). Path coefficient analysis showed that root yield and pure sugar content had positive direct effects with 0.62 and 0.65, and 0.38 and 0.38 in both studied seasons, respectively, on pure sugar yield. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlations were found between pure sugar yield and root yield (r = 0.966 ** and 0.958 **). The study results recommend the use of the integrative D1 × K3 × S3 treatment for sugar beet to obtain maximum yields and qualities under salt stress (e.g., 8.96 dS m−1) in dry environments.

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