Seed Yam Production Using High-Quality Minitubers Derived from Plants Established with Vine Cuttings

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a valuable food security crop in West Africa, where 92% of the world production occurs. The availability of quality seed tubers for increased productivity is a major challenge. In this study, minitubers weighing 1, 3, and 5 g produced from virus-free single-node vine cuttings of two improved yam varieties (Asiedu and Kpamyo) growing in an aeroponics system were assessed for suitability in seed production at a population of 100,000 plants ha−1. A 3 × 2 factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications was set up during the cropping seasons of 2017 to 2019 at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria. Results showed field establishments of 87%–97.8%. Yields differed with minituber size, variety, and cropping season; the highest was 31.2 t ha−1 in 2019 and the lowest, 10 t ha−1 in 2018 from 5 and 1 g Kpamyo minitubers, respectively. The estimated number of tubers produced per hectare by 1, 3, and 5 g minitubers was 101,296, 112,592, and 130,555, with mean weights per stand of 159.2, 187.3, and 249.4 g, respectively. We recommend using less than 6 g minitubers for seed yam production due to their high multiplication rates.

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Hill drop sowing of soybean with different number of plants per hole

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20170389 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Esmael Lopes dos Santos ◽

Victor José Agassi ◽

Alessandro Sartor Chicowski ◽

Julio Cezar Franchini ◽

Henrique Debiasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Cropping Seasons

ABSTRACT: In the last few cropping seasons, some soybean producers have tested the application of a hill drop sowing method, usually from three to four seeds every 30 to 40cm. However, there is a lack of information in the literature about the effect of this practice on soybean performance. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a hill drop sowing with different number of plants per hole on soybean performance. The study was conducted in Londrina - PR, Brazil, during the 2013/14, 2014/15 and 2016/17 cropping seasons. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications and a 2x5 factorial scheme. The first factor consisted of two soybean cultivars, BRS 359RR and NK 7059RR analyzed in the first two cropping seasons and BRS 359RR and BRS 1010IPRO in the last cropping season. The second factor was constituted by five in-hill hole-spacing treatments (HS) (8, 16, 24, 32 and 40cm), with rows spaced 50cm apart. To maintain the same plant density in all treatments (270,000 plants ha-1), sowing was performed manually, being then thinned out. After thinning, the distribution was one plant per hole at HS8, 2 plants at HS16, 3 plants at HS24, 4 plants at HS32, and 5 plants at HS40. The agronomic performance of soybean in hill drop sowing with different number of plants per hole is similar to that of an equidistant distribution of plants.

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Native Rhizobia Strains Enhance Seed Yield of Groundnut Varieties in Northern Ghana

Frontiers in Agronomy ◽

10.3389/fagro.2021.653044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Godfre Wilson ◽

Jacob Ulzen ◽

Robert Clement Abaidoo ◽

Andrews Opoku ◽

Samuel Adjei-Nsiah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Absolute Control ◽

Environmentally Friendly Approach

Rhizobia inoculation with effective strains is an environmentally friendly approach for enhancing nodulation and yield of legumes. To obtain an ideal strain for inoculant production, the strain's performance must be matched to the environmental conditions. A 2 × 9 cross-factorial experiment laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications on farmers' fields in the northern part of Ghana was set up to evaluate the rhizobia's performance. The factors were groundnut varieties (Chinese and Samnut 22) and nine strains consisting of five native rhizobia (KNUST 1001, 1002, 1003, 1032, and 1031), two commercial strains (Biofix and BR3267), and a positive (N+) and absolute control (N–). In addition, the population of the strains was assessed after a cropping season. The strains' performance on groundnut was location and variety dependent. At Cheshegu, KNUST 1031 and 1002 significantly increased seed yield of the Chinese variety compared to other strains; however, KNUST 1031 elicited a 24% yield increase while KNUST 1002 caused a 16% yield increase over the control. Strain KNUST 1031 increased the seed yield of the Chinese variety by 24% while KNUST 1002 increased the seed yield of Samnut by 16%. Only KNUST 1002 elicited a significant seed yield increase in Samnut 22 at Cheshegu. At Binduri, strain KNUST 1003 significantly increased the seed yield of the Chinese variety by 35% relative to the control. Samnut 22 did not show a clear preference for any of the strains. The Chinese variety did not show a clear response to the strains at Tanina. However, Samnut 22 responded to KNUST 1002 as it increased seed yield by 45% relative to the control. On average, the seed yield at Tanina (846.15 kg ha−1) was less than the seed yield recorded at Binduri (1,077.66 kg ha−1) and Cheshegu (1,502.78 kg ha−1). Inoculation with strains KNUST 1002, 1003, and 1031 was all profitable under the current experimental conditions as they recorded value cost ratios (VCRs) above the threshold of 3–4. The study has shown that strains KNUST 1002, 1003, and 1031 have the potential to be used in inoculant formulation to increase groundnut production and enhance the income of smallholder groundnut farmers in northern Ghana.

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Effects of Rhizobium inoculation and cropping systems on macronutrients uptake and partitioning in two legumes (Common bean and Lablab)

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.v51i03.7908 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Prosper I. Massawe ◽

Kelvin M. Mtei ◽

Linus K. Munishi ◽

Patrick A. Ndakidemi

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Lablab Purpureus ◽

Rhizobium Inoculation ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Cropping Seasons

The study to investigate the effect of Rhizobium inoculation and cropping systems on the uptake of macronutrients in shoot, root and whole plant of Phaseolus vulgaris and Lablab purpureus was conducted at Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) for two cropping seasons. A randomized complete block design was used in a 3-factorial arrangement with two levels of Rhizobium (with and without rhizobia), two legumes (P. vulgaris and L. purpureus) and five cropping systems (sole maize or sole legumes, 1 row maize to 1 row legumes (1:1) i.e. 0 m or 0.45 m of legume from maize row, 1 row maize to 2 rows of legumes (1:2) i.e. 0.1 m or 0.2 m of legumes from maize rows). The result showed that Rhizobium inoculation significantly (P£0.001) increased the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the plant parts and whole plant. Similarly, cropping systems significantly (P£0.001) increased the uptake of N, K and Mg in shoots and whole plant of P. vulgaris and L. purpureus but decreased the P and Ca content in roots. Legumes significantly increased the uptake of the macronutrients in shoots and roots but more nutrients concentration in shoots than roots for both cropping seasons. There were significant (P£0.001) interaction between; Rhizobium x legumes x cropping systems on whole plant uptake of N in cropping season 1 and 2. Regardless of the type of interaction, inoculated legumes maximized the uptake of macronutrients in shoots, roots and whole plant.

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GROWTH DYNAMICS OF SESAME CULTIVARS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n430rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 1062-1068

Author(s):

Rayanne Maria Paula Ribeiro ◽

José Ricardo Tavares de Albuquerque ◽

Manoel Galdino dos Santos ◽

Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior ◽

Leilson Costa Grangeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Physiological Indexes ◽

Crop Cycle ◽

Beginning Of Flowering ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Physiological Complexity

ABSTRACT Sesame is a plant with high morphological and physiological complexity, with great variability in growth habit. Quantitative growth analysis is an accessible and accurate tool for evaluating plant development and the contribution of different physiological processes to plant performance. In view of this, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth of sesame cultivars in two cropping seasons in the conditions of Mossoró-RN. Two experiments were conducted in Horta Didactics of UFERSA. The experimental delineation in each time was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in split plots where each experimental plot contained different sesame cultivars, CNPA G2, CNPA G3 and CNPA G4, and the subplots represented seven collection times, 21, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91 and 105 days after sowing (DAS). The growth of the sesame cultivars was slow at the beginning of the crop cycle, intensifying at the beginning of flowering (after 35 DAS). Among the physiological indexes studied, CNPA G4 cultivar was more efficient in relation to growth and varied depending on the cropping season.

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Bioefficacy of some biorational insecticides for the control of Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on greenhouse grown cucumber

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.14 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 419 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Saeed Emami

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Block Design ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽

Sodium Sulfosuccinate ◽

Set Up

Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 is a serious pest of cucumber in greenhouse plantings. Biorational insecticides are an alternative of broad spectrum insecticides for aphid suppression in greenhouse. In this regards, the efficiency of some biorational insecticides including soap based on coconut oil, surfactant based on sodium sulfosuccinate and antifeeding based on potassium nicotinate were assayed on A. gossypii in the cucumber greenhouse. The trials were set up in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Samplings were carried out one day before spraying and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after spraying. The data were submitted to ANOVA and the means comparison was performed using Duncan’s test. The results indicated that the highest mortality in insecticidal soap, surfactant and antifeeding treatments occurred after 3 days, with 78.47 %, 67.16 % and 60.48 % mortality, respectively. The results of the trials are discussed in terms of improving management of the populations of A. gossypii.

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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fruit Positions on Fruit and Seed Yields of Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)

Journal of Plant Studies ◽

10.5539/jps.v6n1p39 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Y. Zubairu ◽

J. A. Oladiran ◽

O. A. Osunde ◽

U. Ismaila

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Mother Plant ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

N Level ◽

University Of Technology ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Seed Yields

Study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the experimental field of Federal University of Technology, Minna (9o 401N and 6o 301E), in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the effects of N fertilizer and the fruit positions on fruit and seed yield of okro. The treatment comprised factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) and five fruit positions on a mother-plant (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) which were replicated three times and laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results indicated that significant taller plants were recorded in the plots that received 120 kg N/ha while shorter plants were recorded in plots that received 0 N/ha in both years of the study. The higher N level of 120 kg/ha and lower fruit position of 3 significantly gave higher number of fruit yield while the yield decreased with decrease in N level and increase in fruit position on the mother-plant. Similarly, heavier fruits were recorded in lower fruit positions and higher N levels. The fruits formed at the lower position 3 and 5 produced more seeds with higher seed weight than those formed at the higher positions. The results also showed that significantly higher seed yield was recorded at N level of 120 kg/ha ?.

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Effect of cropping system and age of plant at harvest on tuber rot and performance of elite cassava varieties in derived savannah

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2017.109.2.01 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 109 (2) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Joy N Odedina ◽

Sunday Ojo Adigbo ◽

Peter Kulako ◽

Peter Iluebbey ◽

Thomas O Fabunmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tuber Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Cropping System ◽

Improved Varieties ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Rot Disease ◽

And Performance ◽

Tuber Rot ◽

Cassava Varieties

Devastated tuber rot disease among farmers prompted the evaluation of the elite improved varieties in the intercrop and the practice of delaying harvesting when there is glut in the market necessitated this study. Trial was carried out at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta between 2011 and 2014 to evaluate yield performance of 21 elite cassava varieties planted as sole crop verse intercropped and harvested at different age. The 2 x 21 x 3 factorial experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The tuber yield obtained from sole plot in 2011/2012 cropping season was significantly higher than intercrop whereas those of 2012/2014 cropping season were similar. Land Equivalent Ratio was above one in both cropping seasons indicating that the performance of the improved varieties in intercrop was efficient. The pooled mean tuber yield showed that TMS 30572, 92/0326, 95/0211, 01/1371, 00/0338, 01/0046, 00/0098, 01/1097, 01/0085, 98/0581 and 98/510 were among the top eight varieties. Harvesting could be delayed up to 15 months after planting to reduce tuber rot.

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Alternatives to sowing vegetable type soybeans

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89131998000400007 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 429-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edcarlos Mannfredini ◽

Deonisio Destro ◽

Martin Homechin ◽

Gustavo Sachsida ◽

Édison Miglioranza

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Food Type ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Disposable Plastic

Today, soybean crops of the Tamba Kurodaisu cultivar are sown in beds prior to transplantation to the field. This planting system has caused crop failure due to damage to the root system. An experiment to test different sowing alternatives to obtain plantlets for cropping of food type big seeded soybean was set up with the following treatments: sowing in beds; sowing in 130 cm³ newspaper cups; sowing in test tubes of volumes of 30 cm³, 60 cm³ and 70 cm³; sowing in 70 cm³ disposable plastic cups; sowing on 90 cm³ styrofoam trays. A randomized complete block design was used, and the following traits were assessed: germination percentage; number of days to flowering; plant height at flowering; number of days to maturity; plant height at maturity; number of seeds per plant; individual plant yield; weight of a hundred seeds. Results should that three methods could be used to set up Tamba Kurodaisu cultivar crops: sowing in disposable plastic cups, sowing in beds with later transplant, or direct sowing in the field.

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Combining ability and heterotic value of ten lines maize genotypes tolerant to tidal-swamp soil stress

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 911 (1) ◽

pp. 012024

Author(s):

Suwarti ◽

Munif Ghulamahdi ◽

Muhammad Azrai ◽

Didy Sopandi ◽

Trikoesoemaningtyas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Parental Line ◽

Research Station ◽

Acid Sulphate Soils ◽

Tidal Swamp ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Target Environment ◽

Half Diallel

Abstract Development of maize hybrid for tidal swampland was initiated by selecting and combinate some superior line genotypes that tolerate to the restrictions in target environment. This study aimed was to evaluate the capability of ten maize lines result of selection on tidal swamp acid sulphate soils to obtain GCU, GCA, and heterosis values based on parental yield averages. The experiment has consisted of ten fine line genotypes which have selected in 2019 at the tidal swamp. Each parent was crossed in half-diallel combination, resulting in 46 entries, including the inbred parents. The entries were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The research was conducted on Bajeng Research Station Experiment 5°18’S and 119°30’E from September 2020 to January 2021. The result shows that GCA ability and SCA ability was significant to yield in the form of grain (15% moisture content), the number of ear per plot, ten ear weight, ten corncob weight, ear harvested weight, 1000 seeds weight, plant height, ear length and the number of seed per ear. Grain yield of W6xW9 crosses obtains the highest value of 9.36 tha−1, non-significantly different to hybrid check P35 (9.35 tha-1). The highest GCA value in the grain yield character was obtained on W9 parental line (0.64**). The highest SCA was obtained on the crossing of W7 x W8 (2.61). The highest heterosis value was revealed in W5 x W10 hybrid (4.80). However, W7 x W8 crossing heterosis value was 2.34, indicate that a high SCA effect did not usually generate high heterosis. To perform high heterosis value, W10 was good as female parental.

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EFFECT OF HARDWOOD BARK MULCH ON THE WINTER SURVIVAL OF EIGHT CULTIVARS OF GARDEN CHRYSANTHEMUMS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1097c ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1097c-1097

Author(s):

William F. Hayslett ◽

P. R. Thangudu ◽

Sabrina Shaw

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Block Design ◽

Winter Survival ◽

Research Station ◽

Percent Survival ◽

Flowering Season ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Cold Hardy

A field study was conducted at Tennessee State University's research station to evaluate the effect of hardwood bark mulch on the winter survival of garden mums. A randomized complete block design was used. Cultivars used were adorn, encore, grandchild, jackpot, legend, minnautumn, minnwhite and triump. At the end of the flowering season the tops were removed leaving a four inch stubble in the mulch. The number of mum plants that resumed growth the following spring were counted for each cultivar. There was a difference in the winter survival of the different cultivars as well as a significant difference in the mulch treated and the control. Grandchild and jackpot were most cold hardy followed by encore, minnwhite, minnautumn, triump, legend, and adorn. Grandchild and jackpot with four inches of hardwood bark mulch had an 88 percent survival while the control had a 44 percent survival. Adorn. had a 51 percent survival with four inches of mulch and a 20 percent survival in the control. This data shows that hardwood bark mulch holds a great potential for providing excellent winter protection for garden mums.

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