scholarly journals Efficacy of the Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4 Dimethylpyrazol Succinic Acid (DMPSA) when Combined with Calcium Ammonium Nitrate and Ammonium Sulphate—A Soil Incubation Experiment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Niharika Rahman ◽  
Catarina Henke ◽  
Patrick J. Forrestal
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Loam Soil

The efficacy of the new nitrification inhibitor 3,4 dimethylpyrazol succinic acid (DMPSA) was tested with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and ammonium sulphate (AS) fertilisers in an incubation experiment using a sandy loam soil and a sandy textured soil. The experiment was conducted over 80 days. For AS fertiliser, inclusion of DMPSA resulted in significantly less NO3−-N present after 19 days in both soils. In the case of CAN, inclusion of DMPSA resulted in significantly less NO3−-N present after 45 days in the sandy loam soil and after 30 days in the sandy soil. DMPSA is effective nitrification inhibitor when combined with CAN and AS, with a mean reduction of 61% and 58%, respectively, in the average daily nitrification rate over the study period. Over the 80-day incubation period in the sandy loam soil, only 35% NH4+-N was converted to NO3−-N for AS + DMPSA compared to 88% for AS. In the sandy soil, 92% NH4+-N was converted to NO3−-N for AS compared with only 9% for AS + DMPSA by day 80. The results demonstrate that DMPSA is an effective nitrification inhibitor when combined with CAN and AS.

INFLUENCE OF UNCONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SODDY-PODZOLY SANDY SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Leonova ◽  
◽  
T.A. Spasskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Loam Soil

The change in the microbiological activity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil when using coffee waste and sewage sludge as a fertilizer for oats in comparison with traditional fertilizers is considered. During the study, it was determined that the predominant groups were bacteria and actinomycetes. Bacilli and fungi are few in number. The introduction of sewage sludge and coffee waste into the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil at a dose of 10 t / ha increases the activity of the microflora of the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, which increases the effective and potential fertility.

The effects on winter wheat of ammonium sulphate, with and without a nitrification inhibitor, and of calcium nitrate

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. R. Gasser ◽  
F. G. Hamlyn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Effect On Yield

SUMMARYWinter wheat grown on a sandy-loam and on a clay-loam soil was given ammonium sulphate alone or treated with the nitrification inhibitor, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)- pyridine, drilled with seed, in autumn. In spring, dressings of treated or untreated ammonium sulphate or of calcium nitrate, were broadcast. 75 or 150 lb N/acre were given on the sandy loam and 50 or 100 lb on the clay loam. Plants were sampled during growth and grain yield was measured.Without fertilizer-N, the wheat yielded 17 cwt/acre on the sandy-loam and 46 cwt on the clay, and with the double dressings given in spring yields were 52 and 56 cwt/ acre. On the light soil, treated ammonium sulphate given in autumn increased yield by 3–5 cwt/acre with the single dressing and by 5–4 cwt/acre with the double one.On the heavy soil the inhibitor had no effect on yield. Dressings of 50 lb N/acre in autumn or spring increased yields equally, but with 100 lb N/acre the spring dressing increased yield slightly more than autumn dressings. Calcium nitrate at 75 lb N/acre was significantly better than ammonium sulphate on the light soil.The inhibitor did not affect the speed with which N was taken up, or the total uptake, from fertilizer given in spring.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Potassium Application Scheduling Effects on Drip-irrigated Tomato Yield and Leaf Tissue Analysis

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvadore J. Locascio ◽  
George J. Hochmuth ◽  
Fred M. Rhoads ◽  
Steve M. Olson ◽  
Alan G. Smajstrla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Petiole Sap

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was grown with drip irrigation on an Arredondo fine sand and on an Orangeburg fine sandy loam to evaluate the effect of N and K time of application on petiole sap, leaf-N and -K concentrations, fruit yield, and to determine N and K sufficiency ranges in leaf tissue. On the sandy soil, N—K at 196-112 kg·ha-1 were applied 0%, 40%, or 100% preplant with the remainder applied in 6 or 12 equal or in variable applications in 12 weeks. With the variable application rate, most nutrients were applied between weeks 5 and 10 after transplanting. On the sandy loam soil that tested high in K, only N (196 kg·ha-1) was applied as above. Petiole sap K concentration declined during the season, but was not greatly affected by treatment. Petiole NO3-N concentrations decreased during the season from 1100 to 200 mg·L-1, and the decrease was greater with preplant N treatments. On the sandy soil, marketable fruit yields were lowest with 100% preplant, intermediate with 100% drip applied (no preplant N), and highest with 40% preplant and 60% drip applied. With 100% drip applied, yields were higher with 12 even applications than with either six even weekly applications or with 12 variable N and K applications. With 40% preplant, timing of application had little effect on yield. On the sandy loam soil in 1993, yields were highest with 100% preplant, intermediate with 40% preplant and 60% drip applied, and lowest with all N drip applied. In 1994 when excessive rains occurred, yields were similar with all preplant and with split N applications. Petiole N concentration was correlated with tomato yield, especially at 10 weeks after transplanting. The best correlation between sap-N and total yields occurred between 4 and 6 weeks at Gainesville and between 4 and 10 weeks at Quincy.

Comparison of interspecific competition and N use in pea–barley, faba bean–barley and lupin–barley intercrops grown at two temperate locations

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TRYDEMAN KNUDSEN ◽  
H. HAUGGAARD-NIELSEN ◽  
B. JØRNSGÅRD ◽  
E. STEEN JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Soil Site ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Loam Soil

Mixed intercropping of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor L.) or narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was compared with sole cropping in two field experiments at different locations, on a sandy loam soil and a sandy soil, in Denmark in 2001.Grain legumes were dominant in intercrops on the sandy loam soil, except for lupin, whereas barley was dominant in intercrops on the sandy soil site. Combined intercrop grain yields were comparable to grain yields of the respective sole cropped grain legume or sole cropped, fertilized barley on each soil site. On the sandy loam soil, pea–barley and faba bean–barley intercrops increased the proportion of plant N derived from N2 fixation in grain legumes and increased the barley grain N concentration (from 1·7 to 2·2 mg/g) compared with sole cropping. However, the later maturity of faba bean compared with barley caused problems at harvest. The grain N concentration of intercropped barley was increased where grain legumes were the dominant intercrops and not on the sandy soil site. Lupin-barley intercrops did not show intercropping advantages to the same degree as faba bean and pea, but lupin constituted a more stable yield proportion of the combined intercrop yield over locations.Furthermore, the study indicated that the natural 15N abundance at certain locations might not always be sufficient to ensure a reliable estimate of N2 fixation using the 15N natural abundance method.

scholarly journals A Rhizogenic Biostimulant Effect on Soil Fertility and Roots Growth of Turfgrass

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Salima Yousfi ◽  
José Marín ◽  
Lorena Parra ◽  
Jaime Lloret ◽  
Pedro V. Mauri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers can lead to severe environmental damages. In recent decades, the application of biostimulants to improve soil composition and stimulate plant growth has contributed significantly to environmental preservation. In this paper, we studied the effect of a rhizogenic biostimulant, obtained from fulvic acids, probiotics, and prebiotics, on the fertility of two types of soils, sandy and sandy loam soils, in which turfgrass was growing. Soil samples from plots treated with biostimulant and controls (untreated plots) were collected. The analyzed parameters from the soil include organic matter, microbial activity, soil chemical composition, catalase, dehydrogenase, and phosphatase enzyme activities. Moreover, root lengths was examined and compared in turfgrass species. The biostimulant application improved microbial activity, organic matter, and enzymatic activity in both types of soils. The soil calcium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus content increased with the biostimulant application, whereas pH and electrical conductivity decreased. The most relevant improvement was a 77% increase of calcium for sandy loam soil and 38% increase in potassium for sandy soil. Biostimulant application led to a significant increase in turf root length. This increase was greater for sandy soil than in sandy loam soil with an increment of 43% and 34% respectively, compared to control.

LEACHING OF FOUR ORCHARD HERBICIDES IN SOIL COLUMNS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. HOGUE ◽  
A. GAUNCE ◽  
S. U. KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Okanagan Valley

The mobility of four residual orchard herbicides, diuron, dichlobenil, simazine and terbacil was compared in soil columns using a sandy loam and loam soil common to the Okanagan Valley. Mobility for all herbicides was greater in the sandy loam than loam soil. Dichlobenil was least mobile in the soil columns followed by diuron, simazine then terbacil. No dichlobenil was leached through the 30-cm sandy loam soil column with 120 cm of water but 40 cm of water leached more than half of the terbacil. More dichlobenil was converted to the water-soluble 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in the loam soil than in the sandy soil. This metabolite is water-soluble and was partially leached through the loam soil column with the highest level of irrigation.

Detection and Stability of Enteric Viruses in Sludge, Soil and Ground Water

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Jørgensen ◽  
E. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sludge Application

Digested sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant was systematically placed on the surface of pure diluvial sand in a forest plantation. In the area examined, sludge application started in September. Viruses could be demonstrated in the sludge deposits up to 21 weeks but not 22 weeks after the application. Polio-, coxsackie- and adenovirus types were detected. The method employed was elution with beef extract at pH 8 followed by hydroextraction. No virus was demonstrated in soil samples 5 weeks after sludge application. Ground water samples from bores established before sludge application were examined employing 5 litre samples, but these were all negative. Four larger samples (30 to 100 1) were examined. One 30 litre sample contained poliovirus type 2 and coxsackievirus type B3. It was collected in the 11th week after sludge application at a depth of 3 m under the surface. The 3 other samples were negative. A soil sample of 30 kg collected at a depth of 35 to 100 cm was brought to the laboratory. Aliquots of 300 g were suspended in ground water from the area in flasks of 500 ml. Antibiotics were added. The pH was 4.5. In the same way a system employing a sandy loam soil was set up. Here the pH was 7.2. In each series 3 flasks were seeded with coxsackievirus B3, adenovirus 1 and echovirus 7 respectively. The flasks were completely filled with water, stoppered airtight and kept dark at 4° to 7°C. During an 8 month period 20 ml samples were taken 7 times after mixing. The samples were centrifuged. The supernatant and eluates of the sediments were examined for virus. Adenovirus was not demonstrated in the supernatants, echovirus only in the one from the sandy soil, while coxsackievirus was demonstrated in both supernatants. Except for adenovirus in the sandy loam soil the viruses were quite stable in the sediments. Ground water samples seeded with the same 3 viruses were set up in parallel but without added soil. The results obtained from these water samples were quite similar to the sediment samples except for echovirus which could not be demonstrated in the ground water from the sandy soil area after 2 months.

The value of urea nitrate and urea phosphate as nitrogen fertilizers for grass and barley

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. R. Gasser ◽  
A. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Urea Phosphate ◽  
Urea Nitrate ◽  
Loam Soil

Urea nitrate, urea phosphate, and a mixture of urea phosphate and urea were tested as nitrogen fertilizers to find whether the presence of the anion decreases the damage urea causes to germinating seeds and seedlings and increases the efficiency of urea by preventing loss of ammonia.Urea nitrate was compared with ammonium sulphate for grass grown in pots in the glasshouse and with ammonium nitrate for permanent grassland in the field. In the glasshouse, a large dressing of urea nitrate damaged the early growth of grass in sandy-loam soil. On average of sandy-loam and clay-loam soils with a small dressing of fertilizers, grass recovered similar amounts of N from urea nitrate and ammonium sulphate; with the large dressing it recovered less from urea nitrate.In the field, 100 and 200 lb N/acre were applied to permanent grassland which was cut twice. The herbage was ‘scorched’ by the urea nitrate because its solution is very acid. Urea nitrate at 200 lb N/acre produced less dry matter containing less nitrogen than did ammonium nitrate.Urea nitrate, urea phosphate and urea phosphateurea mixture were compared with ammonium nitrate for barley and grass grown in clay-loam and sandyloam soils. Tests were made of 33, 67 and 100 lb N/acre for barley and 100, 200 and 300 lb N/acre for ryegrass; the fertilizers were applied immediately before sowing. On the light Woburn soil early growth of barley was least good with urea nitrate, which also damaged the early growth of grass.

The effect of a nitrification inhibitor on the concentration of nitrate in plants

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Nowakowski ◽  
J. K. R. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Nitrate N

Calcium nitrate, or ammonium sulphate without or with 1% of the nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl) pyridine were applied in the spring to winter wheat growing on clay- and sandyloam soils; 50 or 100 lb N/acre was applied on the clay-loam and 75 or 150 lb N/acre on the sandyloam. On permanent grassland ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate without or with 1 or 2% of inhibitor were broadcast to supply 100 or 200 lb N/acre. Winter wheat was sampled 32 days, and grass 68 days after applying fertilizers. Ammonium sulphate increased nitrate in the wheat on the clayloam soil but significantly less with than without the inhibitor. On the sandy-loam, wheat given ammonium sulphate with and without the inhibitor contained similar amounts of nitrate-N. The double amount of ammonium sulphate without inhibitor increased the nitrate content of grass most, and the nitrate content decreased with increasing amount of inhibitor.

scholarly journals Grain legume–cereal intercropping: The practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable and organic cropping systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen ◽  
Bjarne Jørnsgaard ◽  
Julia Kinane ◽  
Erik Steen Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Disease Reduction ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Loam Soil

AbstractIntercropping is the simultaneous cultivation of more than one crop species on the same piece of land and is regarded as the practical application of basic ecological principles such as diversity, competition and facilitation. Field experiments were carried out on a sandy loam soil and a sandy soil in Denmark over three consecutive cropping seasons including dual grain legume (pea, faba bean and lupin)–barley intercropping as compared to the respective sole crops (SC). Yield stability of intercrops (IC) was not greater than that of grain legume SC, with the exception of the IC containing faba bean. Faba bean and lupin had lower yield stability than pea and fertilized barley. However, the different IC used environmental resources for plant growth up to 50% (LER=0.91–1.51) more effectively as compared to the respective SC, but with considerable variation over location, years and crops. The SC performance supported the interspecific interactions within the IC stand. On the sandy loam 13% greater grain yield of pea cv. Agadir (520 g m−2) was observed as compared to cv. Bohatyr. Faba bean and lupin yielded similarly (340 g m−2) in the sandy loam soil, with decreasing yields on the sandy soil (320–270 g m−2). Nitrogen fixation was very constant in grain legume SC over species and location, varying from 13.2 to 15.8 g N m−2, being lowest in peas and highest in faba bean and lupin. The intercropped grain legumes increased the proportion of plant N derived from N2-fixation by on average 10–15% compared to the corresponding SC. However, especially lupin was suppressed when intercropping, with a reduced N2-fixation from 15 to 5–6 g N m−2. The IC were particularly effective at suppressing weeds, capturing a greater share of available resources than SC. Weed infestation in the different crops was comparable; however, it tended to be the highest in sole cropped faba bean, lupin and unfertilized barley, where the application of urea to barley reduced the weed infestation by around 50%. Reduction in disease was observed in all IC systems compared to the corresponding SC, with a general disease reduction in the range of 20–40%. For one disease in particular (brown spot on lupin) disease reduction was almost 80% in the IC. Intercropping practices offer many advantages but improved understanding of the ecological mechanisms associated with planned spatial diversity, including additional benefits with associated diversity, is needed to enhance the benefits achieved.

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