scholarly journals Water Table Fluctuation and Methane Emission in Pineapples (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) Cultivated on a Tropical Peatland

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Wendy Luta ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Latifah Omar ◽  
Roland Kueh Jui Heng ◽  
Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Water Table Fluctuation ◽  
Tropical Peatland ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Field Lysimeters

Inappropriate drainage and agricultural development on tropical peatland may lead to an increase in methane (CH4) emission, thus expediting the rate of global warming and climate change. It was hypothesized that water table fluctuation affects CH4 emission in pineapple cultivation on tropical peat soils. The objectives of this study were to: (i) quantify CH4 emission from a tropical peat soil cultivated with pineapple and (ii) determine the effects of water table depth on CH4 emission from a peat soil under simulated water table fluctuation. Soil CH4 emissions from an open field pineapple cultivation system and field lysimeters were determined using the closed chamber method. High-density polyethylene field lysimeters were set up to simulate the natural condition of cultivated drained peat soils under different water table fluctuations. The soil CH4 flux was measured at five time intervals to obtain a 24 h CH4 emission in the dry and wet seasons during low- and high-water tables. Soil CH4 emissions from open field pineapple cultivation were significantly lower compared with field lysimeters under simulated water table fluctuation. Soil CH4 emissions throughout the dry and wet seasons irrespective of water table fluctuation were not affected by soil temperature but emissions were influenced by the balance between methanogenic and methanotrophic microorganisms controlling CH4 production and consumption, CH4 transportation through molecular diffusion via peat pore spaces, and non-microbial CH4 production in peat soils. Findings from the study suggest that water table fluctuation at the soil–water interface relatively controls the soil CH4 emission from lysimeters under simulated low- and high-water table fluctuation. The findings of this study provide an understanding of the effects of water table fluctuation on CH4 emission in a tropical peatland cultivated with pineapple.

scholarly journals Horizontal and Vertical Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane from a Tropical Peat Soil Cultivated with Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alicia Vanessa Jeffary ◽  
Ahmed Osumanu Haruna ◽  
Roland Kueh Jui Heng ◽  
Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽  
Latifah Omar
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Tropical Peat

Peat soils have been developed for large scale plantations such as oil palm due to their positive contribution to Malaysia’s economic growth in agriculture sector. However, these developments contribute to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) mainly carbon (CO2) and methane (CH4). To date, there were limited information of GHGs emissions from pineapple cultivation and also inadequate data on horizontally and vertically soil GHGs emissions in peat soil profile. Thus, this study was carried out to determine carbon CO2 and CH4 emissions horizontally and vertically from a drained tropical peat soils from a drained tropical peat soils cultivated with pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Horizontal and vertical movements of CO2 and CH4 were measured from a drained tropical peatland with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Tropical peat soils cultivated with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. contributed to 79.7 % of CO2, and 0.2 % of CH4 based on the yearly basis regardless of the differences in diurnal transportation; horizontal and vertical emission. Soil CO2 and CH4 were emitted the most through horizontal transportation with 70.84 % CO2, and 0.19 % CH4 compared to 8.85 % CO2, and 0.02 % CH4 in vertical transportation. The emission of CO2 was influenced by depth of water table and temperature. It is generally believed that lowering of peats water table leads to emission of higher CO2 emission because this process leads to exposure of peat soils to oxidation. Seasonal variation in CH4 flux was higher in the wet seasons due to rainfall; this might have increased the water table of the peat soil. The results suggest that CO2 and CH4 emissions occur both horizontally and vertically regardless of season. Therefore in order not to underestimate CO2 and CH4 emissions from peat soil, it is important to measure the emissions of this greenhouse gas which has been implicated in environmental pollution horizontally and vertically.

scholarly journals Horizontal and vertical emissions of methane from peat soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-362
Author(s):  
A.V. Jeffary ◽  
O.H. Ahmed ◽  
R.K.J. Heng ◽  
L.N.L.K. Choo
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Tropical Peat

Methane emission depends on the rates of methane production, consumption and ability of soil and plants to transport the gas to the soil surface and also within soil particles. The objective of this study was to determine CH4 fluxes horizontally and vertically from the floor and wall of the pit of a tropical peat soil. The horizontal emissions in the dry and wet seasons were 2.96 t CH4 ha-1yr-1 and 4.27 t CH4 ha-1yr-1, respectively and the vertical emissions were 0.36 t CH4 ha-1yr-1 and 0.51 t CH4 ha-1yr-1, respectively. The total amount of the horizontal and vertical emissions in the dry and wet seasons were 3.32 t CH4 ha-1yr-1 and 4.78 t CH4 ha-1yr-1, respectively. Horizontal emission was higher in the wet season due to an increase in the water table which resulted in an increase of CH4 emission. Thus, there is a need for direct CH4 measurement from cultivated peat soils to ensure that CH4 emission is neither underestimated nor overestimated. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 359–362, 2019

Feeding lucerne silage to beef cattle at three allowances and four feeding frequencies affects circadian patterns of methane emissions, but not emissions per unit of intake

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan Jonker ◽  
German Molano ◽  
Christopher Antwi ◽  
Garry Waghorn
Keyword(s):  
Emission Rate ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Circadian Patterns

The objective of this study was to determine the circadian variation in methane (CH4) emissions from cattle fed lucerne silage at different feeding levels and feeding frequencies, to assist with interpretation of short ‘snapshot’ CH4 measurements used for predicting daily emissions. Eight Hereford × Friesian heifers (initially 20 months of age) were used in five consecutive periods (P1–5) of 14 days with CH4 emissions measured using respiration chambers for two consecutive days at the end of each period. Feed was restricted to intakes of ~6, 8, 8, 8 and 11 ± 1.3 (ad libitum) kg lucerne silage dry matter (DM), fed in 2, 2, 3, 4 or ad libitum (refilled twice daily) meals per day in P1–5, respectively. Daily CH4 production (g/day) was lower in P1 than in P2–4 (P < 0.05), which were lower than in P5 (P < 0.05), but CH4 yield (24.3 ± 1.23 g/kg DM) was unaffected by treatment. Among the five periods, CH4 emission rate (g/h) before feeding ranged from 1.8 to 6.5 g/h, time to peak CH4 production after start of feeding ranged from 19 to 40 min and peak CH4 production rate ranged from 11.1 to 17.5 g/h. The range in hourly CH4 emission rates during the day decreased with increasing feed intake level, but was unaffected by feeding frequency. In summary, the circadian pattern of CH4 emissions was affected by feed allowance and feeding frequency, and variation in CH4 emission rate was reduced with increasing intake, without affecting average daily yield (g CH4/kg DM intake).

Analysis on Rheological Properties of Peat Soil in Kunming Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 722-726
Author(s):  
Yi Peng Guo ◽  
Xiao Nan Wang ◽  
Zheng Fa Lai ◽  
Jun Qing Lv
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
High Water ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dianchi Lake ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Loading And Unloading

Kunming area is adjacent to Dianchi Lake. Peat soil with high water content and high compressibility is widely distributed, rheological properties is one of the most important engineering properties of peat soil. However, compared with the peat soils in the other areas, the peat soil in Kunming area has different properties. This paper studied rheological properties of peat soil in Kunming area by using the creep test of loading and unloading, on the basis of the strain-time curves, parting linear visco-elasticity, linear visco-plasticity and nonlinear visco-plasticity from the total deformation. Research shows that: ①The deformation is mostly composed of unrecoverable deformation and there is instantaneous elastic strain, instantaneous plastic strain in total strain; ②In low stress level,the soil is rendered as visco-elasticity. However, when the stress level is high, the performance of soil is visco-plasticity; ③By stress-strain curve clusters, yield stress of peat soil is approximate to 3.6 kPa in Kunming; ④Along with the time, modulus of linear visco-elasticity tended to be stable.

scholarly journals Annual greenhouse gas budget for a bog ecosystem undergoing restoration by rewetting

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Ching Lee ◽  
Andreas Christen ◽  
Andy T. Black ◽  
Mark S. Johnson ◽  
Rachhpal S. Jassal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
High Water ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Raised Bog ◽  
Peat Mining ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Many peatlands have been drained and harvested for peat mining, which has turned them from carbon (C) sinks into C emitters. Rewetting of disturbed peatlands facilitates their ecological recovery, and may help them revert to carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks. However, rewetting may also cause substantial emissions of the more potent greenhouse gas (GHG) methane (CH4). Our knowledge on the exchange of CO2 and CH4 following rewetting during restoration of disturbed peatlands is currently limited. This study quantifies annual fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in a disturbed and rewetted area located in the Burns Bog Ecological Conservancy Area in Delta, BC, Canada. Burns Bog is recognized as the largest raised bog ecosystem on North America's West Coast. Burns Bog was substantially reduced in size and degraded by peat mining and agriculture. Since 2005, the bog has been declared a conservancy area, with restoration efforts focusing on rewetting disturbed ecosystems to recover Sphagnum and suppress fires. Using the eddy-covariance (EC) technique, we measured year-round (16th June 2015 to 15th June 2016) turbulent fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from a tower platform in an area rewetted for the last 8 years. The study area, dominated by sedges and Sphagnum, experienced a varying water table position that ranged between 7.7 (inundation) and −26.5 cm from the surface during the study year. The annual CO2 budget of the rewetted area was −179 g CO2-C m−2 year−1 (CO2 sink) and the annual CH4 budget was 16 g CH4-C m−2 year−1 (CH4 source). Gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) exceeded ecosystem respiration (Re) during summer months (June–August), causing a net CO2 uptake. In summer, high CH4 emissions (121 mg CH4-C m−2 day−1) were measured. In winter (December–February), while roughly equal magnitudes of GEP and Re made the study area CO2 neutral, very low CH4 emissions (9 mg CH4-C m−2 day−1) were observed. The key environmental factors controlling the seasonality of these exchanges were downwelling photosynthetically active radiation and 5-cm soil temperature. It appears that the high water table caused by ditch blocking which suppresses Re. With low temperatures in winter, CH4 emission was more suppressed than Re. Annual net GHG flux from CO2 and CH4 expressed in terms of CO2 equivalents (CO2e) during the study period totaled to −55 g CO2e m−2 year−1 (net CO2e sink) and 1147 g CO2e m−2 year−1 (net CO2e source) by using 100-year and 20-year global warming potential values, respectively. Consequently, the ecosystem was almost CO2e neutral during the study period expressed on a 100-year time horizon but was a significant CO2e source on a 20-year time horizon.

scholarly journals Hysteretic temperature sensitivity of wetland CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes explained by substrate availability and microbial activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Yu Chang ◽  
William J. Riley ◽  
Patrick M. Crill ◽  
Robert F. Grant ◽  
Scott R. Saleska
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Mechanistic Modeling ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Substrate Availability ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Abiotic Interactions

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands are likely increasing and important in global climate change assessments. However, contemporary terrestrial biogeochemical model predictions of CH4 emissions are very uncertain, at least in part due to prescribed temperature sensitivity of CH4 production and emission. While statistically consistent apparent CH4 emission temperature dependencies have been inferred from meta-analyses across microbial to ecosystem scales, year-round ecosystem-scale observations have contradicted that finding. Using flux observations and mechanistic modeling in two heavily studied high-latitude research sites (Stordalen, Sweden, and Utqiaġvik, Alaska, USA), we show here that substrate-mediated hysteretic microbial and abiotic interactions lead to intra-seasonally varying temperature sensitivity of CH4 production and emission. We find that seasonally varying substrate availability drives lower and higher modeled methanogen biomass and activity, and thereby CH4 production, during the earlier and later periods of the thawed season, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the uncertainty of inferring CH4 emission or production from temperature alone, and highlight the need to represent microbial and abiotic interactions in wetland biogeochemical models.

scholarly journals Wildfire overrides hydrological controls on boreal peatland methane emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2651-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Davidson ◽  
Christine Van Beest ◽  
Richard Petrone ◽  
Maria Strack
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Fort Mcmurray ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Boreal peatlands represent a globally important store of carbon, and disturbances such as wildfire can have a negative feedback to the climate. Understanding how carbon exchange and greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics are impacted after a wildfire is important, especially as boreal peatlands may be vulnerable to changes in wildfire regime under a rapidly changing climate. However, given this vulnerability, there is very little in the literature on the impact such fires have on methane (CH4) emissions. This study investigated the effect of wildfire on CH4 emissions at a boreal fen near Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, that was partially burned by the Horse River Wildfire in 2016. We measured CH4 emissions and environmental variables (2017–2018) and CH4 production potential (2018) in two different microform types (hummocks and hollows) across a peat burn severity gradient (unburned (UB), moderately burned (MB), and severely burned (SB)). Results indicated a switch in the typical understanding of boreal peatland CH4 emissions. For example, emissions were significantly lower in the MB and SB hollows in both years compared to UB hollows. Interestingly, across the burned sites, hummocks had higher fluxes in 2017 than hollows at the MB and SB sites. We found typically higher emissions at the UB site where the water table was close to the surface. However, at the burned sites, no relationship was found between CH4 emissions and water table, even under similar hydrological conditions. There was also significantly higher CH4 production potential from the UB site than the burned sites. The reduction in CH4 emissions and production in the hollows at burned sites highlights the sensitivity of hollows to fire, removing labile organic material for potential methanogenesis. The previously demonstrated resistance of hummocks to fire also results in limited impact on CH4 emissions and likely faster recovery to pre-fire rates. Given the potential initial net cooling effect resulting from a reduction in CH4 emissions, it is important that the radiative effect of all GHGs following wildfire across peatlands is taken into account.

scholarly journals Annual greenhouse gas budget for a bog ecosystem undergoing restoration by rewetting

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2799-2814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Ching Lee ◽  
Andreas Christen ◽  
Andrew T. Black ◽  
Mark S. Johnson ◽  
Rachhpal S. Jassal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
High Water ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Raised Bog ◽  
Peat Mining ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Many peatlands have been drained and harvested for peat mining, agriculture, and other purposes, which has turned them from carbon (C) sinks into C emitters. Rewetting of disturbed peatlands facilitates their ecological recovery and may help them revert to carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks. However, rewetting may also cause substantial emissions of the more potent greenhouse gas (GHG) methane (CH4). Our knowledge of the exchange of CO2 and CH4 following rewetting during restoration of disturbed peatlands is currently limited. This study quantifies annual fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in a disturbed and rewetted area located in the Burns Bog Ecological Conservancy Area in Delta, BC, Canada. Burns Bog is recognized as the largest raised bog ecosystem on North America's west coast. Burns Bog was substantially reduced in size and degraded by peat mining and agriculture. Since 2005, the bog has been declared a conservancy area, with restoration efforts focusing on rewetting disturbed ecosystems to recover Sphagnum and suppress fires. Using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, we measured year-round (16 June 2015 to 15 June 2016) turbulent fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from a tower platform in an area rewetted for the last 8 years. The study area, dominated by sedges and Sphagnum, experienced a varying water table position that ranged between 7.7 (inundation) and −26.5 cm from the surface during the study year. The annual CO2 budget of the rewetted area was −179 ± 26.2 g CO2–C m−2 yr−1 (CO2 sink) and the annual CH4 budget was 17 ± 1.0 g CH4–C m−2 yr−1 (CH4 source). Gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) exceeded ecosystem respiration (Re) during summer months (June–August), causing a net CO2 uptake. In summer, high CH4 emissions (121 mg CH4–C m−2 day−1) were measured. In winter (December–February), while roughly equal magnitudes of GEP and Re made the study area CO2 neutral, very low CH4 emissions (9 mg CH4–C m−2 day−1) were observed. The key environmental factors controlling the seasonality of these exchanges were downwelling photosynthetically active radiation and 5 cm soil temperature. It appears that the high water table caused by ditch blocking suppressed Re. With low temperatures in winter, CH4 emissions were more suppressed than Re. Annual net GHG flux from CO2 and CH4 expressed in terms of CO2 equivalents (CO2 eq.) during the study period totalled −22 ± 103.1 g CO2 eq. m−2 yr−1 (net CO2 eq. sink) and 1248 ± 147.6 g CO2 eq. m−2 yr−1 (net CO2 eq. source) by using 100- and 20-year global warming potential values, respectively. Consequently, the ecosystem was almost CO2 eq. neutral during the study period expressed on a 100-year time horizon but was a significant CO2 eq. source on a 20-year time horizon.

scholarly journals MOISTURE RELEASE OF TROPICAL PEAT SOILS AS DECREASING WATER TABLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kurnain
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Tropical Peat ◽  
Column Method ◽  
Water Tables

Hydro-physics of peat soils varied with their peat decomposition degree. One of the important hydro-physics is ability of the peat soil to release water as decreasing water table. Potential of water availabilty to crop growth is evidently related to this behaviour. The present study was conducted to understand modes of moisture release of peat soils as decreasing water table. Water tables were simulated using a hanging column method. The water table was arranged at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 cm below peat column surfaces. Potential of moisture release or in oppositely potential of moisture retention could be modelled with the 3 parameter equation. Highly decomposed peat characterized by higher bulk density and lower total porosity stored less water but retained more water.

scholarly journals The Influence of Above-Ground Herbivory on the Response of Arctic Soil Methanotrophs to Increasing CH4 Concentrations and Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2080
Author(s):  
Edda M. Rainer ◽  
Christophe V. W. Seppey ◽  
Caroline Hammer ◽  
Mette M. Svenning ◽  
Alexander T. Tveit
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soil ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Ch4 Oxidation ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Arctic Soil ◽  
Ch4 Concentration

Rising temperatures in the Arctic affect soil microorganisms, herbivores, and peatland vegetation, thus directly and indirectly influencing microbial CH4 production. It is not currently known how methanotrophs in Arctic peat respond to combined changes in temperature, CH4 concentration, and vegetation. We studied methanotroph responses to temperature and CH4 concentration in peat exposed to herbivory and protected by exclosures. The methanotroph activity was assessed by CH4 oxidation rate measurements using peat soil microcosms and a pure culture of Methylobacter tundripaludum SV96, qPCR, and sequencing of pmoA transcripts. Elevated CH4 concentrations led to higher CH4 oxidation rates both in grazed and exclosed peat soils, but the strongest response was observed in grazed peat soils. Furthermore, the relative transcriptional activities of different methanotroph community members were affected by the CH4 concentrations. While transcriptional responses to low CH4 concentrations were more prevalent in grazed peat soils, responses to high CH4 concentrations were more prevalent in exclosed peat soils. We observed no significant methanotroph responses to increasing temperatures. We conclude that methanotroph communities in these peat soils respond to changes in the CH4 concentration depending on their previous exposure to grazing. This “conditioning” influences which strains will thrive and, therefore, determines the function of the methanotroph community.

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