INNOVATIVE METHODS OF JOINT PROCESSING OF HEAD AND FUSEL FRACTION IN RECTIFIED ALCOHOL END BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

With rising energy prices, the development and implementation of innovative energy-saving technologies is a priority in the production of rectified alcohol and bioethanol. By-products of distillation are the head fraction of ethyl alcohol, fusel oil, and fusel alcohol. Existing methods of joint processing of the head and fusel fractions in one column do not provide effective removal together head and intermediate impurities, which adversely affects the quality of commercial alcohol. The aim of the work was to develop methods of joint processing of the head and fusel fractions in the column for the concentration of impurities of cyclic action, to determine the optimal technological parameters of the column, and to test the efficiency of innovative methods in production conditions: to determine the degree of extraction, the concentration of volatile impurities Three schemes of processing of the head and fusel fractions are given. The method I allowed to free the bottom products from the head and intermediate impurities of alcohol and use such a liquid for hydroselection in the epuration column. Method II allowed significantly improving the physicochemical parameters of the bottom water-alcohol products, improving the quality of rectified ethyl alcohol by more complete removal of volatile organic impurities from the zones of their maximum accumulation and reducing their content in the reflux entering the irrigation column. Method III allowed ensuring maximum removal of volatile head and intermediate impurities and reducing the loss of ethyl alcohol with the concentrate of impurities. The use of innovative methods allows for joint processing of the main and fusel fractions in the production of rectified alcohol and bioethanol, to increase the yield of marketable alcohol by 3.8%.

Ecological surveillance of bat coronaviruses in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Objective Coronaviruses (CoVs) are natural commensals of bats. Two subgenera, namely Sarbecoviruses and Merbecoviruses have a high zoonotic potential and have been associated with three separate spillover events in the past 2 decades, making surveillance of bat-CoVs crucial for the prevention of the next epidemic. The study was aimed to elucidate the presence of coronavirus in fresh bat guano sampled from Wind Cave Nature Reserve (WCNR) in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Samples collected were placed into viral transport medium, transported on ice within the collection day, and preserved at − 80 °C. Nucleic acid was extracted using the column method and screened using consensus PCR primers targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. Amplicons were sequenced bidirectionally using the Sanger method. Phylogenetic tree with maximum-likelihood bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probability were constructed. Results CoV-RNA was detected in ten specimens (47.6%, n = 21). Six alphacoronavirus and four betacoronaviruses were identified. The bat-CoVs can be phylogenetically grouped into four novel clades which are closely related to Decacovirus-1 and Decacovirus-2, Sarbecovirus, and an unclassified CoV. CoVs lineages unique to the Island of Borneo were discovered in Sarawak, Malaysia, with one of them closely related to Sarbecovirus. All of them are distant from currently known human coronaviruses.

Roof Control Technology of Mining Roadway under the Influence of Advanced Supporting Pressure

In order to solve the problem of controlling the roof of the stoping roadway in 1204 fully mechanized face under the influence of advanced support pressure, according to the characteristics of the stoping roadway section, the single hydraulic prop and π-shaped steel beam were selected to verify the shrinkage of the single hydraulic support and establish mechanics. The model calculates that at least 3 single hydraulic props and at least 2 material lanes are required for the transportation lane; through the numerical simulation method, a reasonable roof control plan for the stoping roadway in the advance support section is determined, that is, 0∼ in front of the material lane. The one-beam three-column method is adopted within 30 m, and the row spacing is 0.8 m; the one-beam four-pillar method is adopted within 0–20 m of the working front of the transportation lane; and the one-beam three-pillar method is adopted within 20–30 m, and the row spacing is 0.8 m. On-site industrial test practice proved that the proposed roof control scheme is reasonable, and the roadway section can meet the actual production requirements.

Laboratory Studies on The Effect of MSW Leachate on Soil by Using One-Dimensional Soil Column Method

To understand the soil-pollutant interaction geo-environmental engineer design a hydraulic barrier to control the transport of pollutant through the soil and minimize the pollution of affecting the soil properties. Hence, in this study one-dimensional soil column method was stimulated similar to the field conditions. The extraction of leachate from the municipal solid waste was manipulated based on the annual precipitation data. The test result showed that the concentration of extracted leachate was increased up to 45 days and slightly decreased by increasing the addition of water. The interaction of extracted leachate changes the soil characteristics (i.e., increasing tendency by period). The result showed that the LL and PL of the soil was increased by increasing the addition of leachate. The UCS was increased from 167.80 kPa to 176.54 kPa up to 75th days and then decreased gradually at 95th to 105th days. Conversely, hydraulic conductivity was decreased at the initial stage and then gradually increased at the end of the experiment. These changes in the soil characteristics are mainly due to the alters of soil particles into dispersive structure with more effective pore space, which reduces the soil strength and increases the permeability value.

Method for extracting square and cube roots in the binary number system

The article describes in detail the methods of extracting square and cube roots in the binary number system. The method for extracting the square root of a binary number is similar to the corresponding method for decimal numbers, which is called the "column method". As for decimal numbers, when choosing the next digit of the root, twice the current value of the root, represented in the binary system, is used. When extracting the cube root (also "column"), there are two differences from the decimal system. The first is that instead of 300 (the product of 3 and 100), the binary number 1100 is used (that is, the product of the binary equivalents of the numbers 3 and 4). The second difference is that instead of the number 30 (the product of 3 and 10), the binary number 110 is used (that is, the product of binary analogs numbers 3 and 2). To facilitate the selection of the next root digit (0 or 1), a number of standard values have been calculated, depending on the current root value. Assignments for independent work of students are offered.

Short Communication: Analysis of purity and concentration of extracted DNA on salted fish processed food products

Sophian A. 2021. Short Communication: Analysis of purity and concentration of extracted DNA on salted fish processed food products. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 21-24. Analysis of purity and concentration of extracted DNA on salted fish processed food products was carried out in the microbiology and molecular biology testing laboratory of the Food and Drug Administration in Gorontalo. The purpose of this study was to analyze the extracted DNA on salted fish processed food products based on the concentration and purity values in the A260 / A230 and A260 / A280 wavelengths. The method used for purity and concentration analysis was the absorbance method using a nanophotometer. The samples used were 10 types of salted fish processed food products sampled from 5 (five) traditional markets in Gorontalo City. The sample was extracted using the spin column method with the Dneasy Mericon Food Kit (50) paint kit. 69514 (Qiagen). The research data showed that extracted sample concentration was in the range of 24,600 - 27,150 with an average of 25,745, while purity value measured at A260 / A280 wavelength was obtained with a purity range between 1,668 - 1,768 with an average of 1,729. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the results of DNA extraction carried out on salted fish processed food products show a value that is in the category of good DNA extraction results.

TRICHINOSIS AS A FACTOR DETERMINING THE CHANGE IN THE EXPRESSION OF PROTOONCOGENES AND SUPPRESSOR GENE IN EXPERIMENT

The aim is to study trichinosis as a factor determining changes in the expression of proto-oncogenes and the suppressor gene in an experiment. Material and methods. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups. In female rats of the first («control with tumor») and second groups («glioma combined with trichinosis», infection at a dose of 20 Trichinella spiralis larvae per 1 gram of animal body weight) a C6 glioma tumor in situ was simulated. The sampling of material from animals of the first group was carried out on the 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th days of tumor development, respectively (tumor, liver, lungs, brain). In females of the second group, biopsies (tumor, liver, lungs, brain) were taken on the 7th (14th day of tumor development), 14th (21st day of tumor development), 21st (28th day of tumor development) tumor), on the 28th day after infection (35th day of tumor development) and in the third group, once (liver, lungs, brain). RNA was directly isolated from the material by the column method. Amplification was performed on a Real-Time PCR thermal cycler. Comparative expression of the studied genes was carried out after normalization of each of the samples to the level of the control genes GAPDH and ACTIN-β. Expression analysis was performed with qbase + and CFX Maestro software. Results. Host invasion with trichinella leads to an increase in the expression of survivin (BIRC5), GLI, VEGF and TP53 in the tissues of the lungs, liver and brain. Conclusion. Exposure to trichinella can trigger the initiation of carcinogenic processes and aggravate their course.