scholarly journals An Approach to Drought Vulnerability Assessment Focused on Groundwater Wells in Upland Cultivation Areas of South Korea

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Hyungjin Shin ◽  
Gyumin Lee ◽  
Jaenam Lee ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee ◽  
Minji Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Mcdm Method ◽  
Management Priorities ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Groundwater Wells

This study aimed to present an approach that identifies priority management areas to drought focused on field crops and groundwater wells using the MCDM method. Groundwater wells are the primary source of water during drought for field crops. Nevertheless, the systematic management of groundwater wells has not been achieved. Thus, this paper intends to establish a plan that can manage groundwater wells through a vulnerability assessment. This study used TOPSIS, a widely applied multi-criterion decision-making algorithm, to evaluate 158 cities and counties in Korea. This study chose the assessment factors by focusing on drought and classifying the positive and negative elements of the wells. Precipitation, groundwater level, and pumping capacity were considered to have positive effects, while cultivated area, the number of consecutive days without rain, and the proportion of private groundwater wells were considered as negative factors. As a result, the pumping capacity per cultivation area is the major factor affecting management priorities and groundwater well vulnerability. This study presents an approach to assess the drought vulnerability of field crops focused on groundwater wells and select a priority management area, which facilitates efficient well management and reduces damage to crops caused by local droughts.

scholarly journals Growth Factors and Lymphokines: Modulators of Cholinergic Neuronal Activity

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (S3) ◽  
pp. 390-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Quirion ◽  
Dalia M. Araujo ◽  
Paul A. Lapchak ◽  
David Seto ◽  
Jean-Guy Chabot
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Cholinergic Synapse ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Negative Factors

ABSTRACT:It is well known that various markers of the cholinergic synapse are altered in Alzheimer's Disease. Much interest is currently focussing on the evaluation of the possible efficacy of certain growth factors, especially nerve growth factor (NGF), to reduce or reverse cholinergic neuronal losses. Here we report that other growth factors (epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I) and a lymphokine, interleukin-2, are able to block acetylcholine release in the rat hippocampus. This suggests that while certain growth factors like NGF may have positive effects on the cholinergic neuron, others may act as “negative” factors on this neuronal population.

Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Wyndham ◽  
Emile Elias ◽  
Joel Brown ◽  
Michael Wilson ◽  
Albert Rango Rango
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Projected Change

Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.

scholarly journals Reconciling Drought Vulnerability Assessment Using a Convergent Approach: Application to Water Security in the Elqui River Basin, North-Central Chile

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Núñez ◽  
Abraham Vergara ◽  
Camila Leyton ◽  
Christine Metzkes ◽  
Gabriel Mancilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Convergent Approach

scholarly journals Birds of a wildlife reserve in the South American Pampa (Córdoba, Argentina)

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2025
Author(s):  
Pablo G. Brandolin ◽  
Ramiro Ramírez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Á. ◽  
Javier Márquez ◽  
Pedro G. Blendinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Bird Assemblages ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Based Management ◽  
Management Area ◽  
Pampa Region ◽  
Sustainable Grazing ◽  
Vegetation Structures ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

In the Pampa ecoregion of South America, the intensification of agriculture has led to the almost total replacement of pristine vegetation by agroecosystems. This has caused a great loss of biodiversity and a decline of bird assemblages. We monitored birds in Dos Hermanas Wildlife Reserve, an integrated ecosystem-based management area in preserved natural saline wetland relicts (grasslands and shrublands) with a cultivated sector (sustainable grazing and organic crops). We recorded a total of 170 species, including altitudinal migrants, Nearctic migrants, migrants of the temperate-tropical and cold-temperate systems, and residents. Seven are globally threatened species and three are exotic species. The high diversity of birds recorded at Dos Hermanas Wildlife Reserve highlights the importance of this reserve for the conservation of the regional biota. The application of ecosystem-based management allows the presence of contrasting vegetation structures with positive effects on the diversity of bird assemblages in the Pampa region.

scholarly journals The Common Pool Resource Heatmap: A Tool to Drive Changes in Water Law and Governance

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3110
Author(s):  
Jacqui Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Water Governance ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Common Pool Resource ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Management Area ◽  
The Common ◽  
Resource System ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Anticipated water-related impacts of climate change heighten the need for tools supporting proactive efforts to address current and future conflicts involving water. Analysing a regulatory framework for a water resource using Ostrom’s (1990) Common Pool Resource (CPR) theory can assist in identifying regulatory weaknesses that may contribute to deterioration of the resource and conflicts between resource users. Equally, adopting adaptive management to transform the regulatory context can also have positive effects. However, if incentives drive resource extractor behaviours, a tool to communicate these initiatives with stakeholders, including state actors, could assist. This article presents the ‘CPR heat map’ to assist with efforts to drive changes in water governance. An example of the CPR heatmap is presented involving the governance of groundwater in the Surat Cumulative Management Area, Queensland, Australia. This example shows how perceived weaknesses and strengths of the governance framework can be illustrated. It also shows how initiatives that are transforming water governance can be presented to drive social learning. The CPR heat map illustrates the collective nature of the resource system and how to potentially resolve and manage water-related conflict. This research has implications for how we approach conflict involving water and may be also relevant for managing other CPRs.

scholarly journals Drought vulnerability assessment: The case of wheat farmers in Western Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 98-99 ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiumars Zarafshani ◽  
Lida Sharafi ◽  
Hossein Azadi ◽  
Gholamhossein Hosseininia ◽  
Philippe De Maeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Western Iran

Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Wyndham ◽  
Emile Elias ◽  
Joel R. Brown ◽  
Michael A. Wilson ◽  
Albert Rango
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Projected Change

Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.

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