Evaluation of Water Supply Stability According to Changes in Instream Flow

The Daap intake plant located downstream of the Seomjin River was relocated in 2005, and the amount of intake increased. Accordingly, it significantly influenced the change in the flow rate downstream of the Seomjin River. After relocating the Daap intake plant, the production of Corbicula in the downstream of the Seomjin River decreased; there is a demand for investigation into the damage to the downstream fishermen and preparation of countermeasures. An increase in instream flow to increase the production of Corbicula downstream of the Seomjin River may cause difficulties in the stable water supply of the Seomjin River basin; therefore, a preliminary review is necessary. In this study, the supply stability was evaluated through water budget analysis after setting several instream flow at the downstream of the Seomjin River in Gurye-gun (Songjeong-ri). In addition, the supply stability of the water resource system in the Seomjin River according to the instream flow rate was evaluated. It was intended to suggest an alternative to the supply of instream flow. If the instream flow is set large to increase the production of Corbicula, it may cause difficulties in supplying instream flow and problems in supplying water necessary for human activities; therefore, related information must be provided through various analyses.

Local Interactions Affect Spread of Resource in a Consumer-resource System With Group Defense

Integrodifference equations are a discrete time spatially explicit model that describes dispersal of ecological populations through space. This framework is useful to study spread dynamics of organisms and how ecological interactions can affect their spread. When studying interactions such as consumption, dispersal rates might vary with life cycle stage, such as cases with dispersive juveniles and sessile adults. In the non-dispersive stage, resources may engage in group defense to protect themselves from consumption. These local nondispersive interactions may limit the number of dispersing recruits that are produced and therefore affect how fast populations can spread. We present a spatial consumer-resource system using an integrodifference framework with limited movement of their adult stages and group defense mechanisms in the resource population. We model group defense using a Type IV Holling functional response, which limits survival of adult resource population and enhances juvenile consumers production. We find that high mortality levels for sessile adults can destabilize resource at carrying capacity. Furthermore, we find that at high resource densities, group defense leads to a slower local growth of resource in newly invaded regions due to intraspecific competition outweighing the effect of consumption on resource growth.

Mathematical analysis of a fractional resource-consumer model with disease developed in consumer

The research presents a qualitative investigation of a fractional-order consumer-resource system with the hunting cooperation interaction functional and an infection developed in the resources population. The existence of the equilibria is discussed where there are many scenarios that have been distinguished as the extinction of both populations, the extinction of the infection, the persistence of the infection, and the two populations. The influence of the hunting cooperation interaction functional is also investigated where it can influence the existence of equilibria and their stability. A proper numerical scheme is used for building a proper graphical representation for the goal of confirming the theoretical results.

The Common Pool Resource Heatmap: A Tool to Drive Changes in Water Law and Governance

Anticipated water-related impacts of climate change heighten the need for tools supporting proactive efforts to address current and future conflicts involving water. Analysing a regulatory framework for a water resource using Ostrom’s (1990) Common Pool Resource (CPR) theory can assist in identifying regulatory weaknesses that may contribute to deterioration of the resource and conflicts between resource users. Equally, adopting adaptive management to transform the regulatory context can also have positive effects. However, if incentives drive resource extractor behaviours, a tool to communicate these initiatives with stakeholders, including state actors, could assist. This article presents the ‘CPR heat map’ to assist with efforts to drive changes in water governance. An example of the CPR heatmap is presented involving the governance of groundwater in the Surat Cumulative Management Area, Queensland, Australia. This example shows how perceived weaknesses and strengths of the governance framework can be illustrated. It also shows how initiatives that are transforming water governance can be presented to drive social learning. The CPR heat map illustrates the collective nature of the resource system and how to potentially resolve and manage water-related conflict. This research has implications for how we approach conflict involving water and may be also relevant for managing other CPRs.

Incentives against Max-Min Fairness in a Centralized Resource System

Resource allocating mechanisms draw much attention from various areas, and exploring the truthfulness of these mechanisms is a very hot topic. In this paper, we focus on the max-min fair allocation in a centralized resource system and explore whether the allocation is truthful when a node behaves strategically. The max-min fair allocation enables nodes receive appropriate resources, and we introduce an efficient algorithm to find out the allocation. To explore whether the allocation is truthful, we analyze how the allocation varies when a new node is added to the system, and we discuss whether the node can gain more resources if it misreports its resource demands. Surprisingly, if a node misrepresents itself by creating several fictitious nodes but keeps the sum of these nodes’ resource demands the same, the node can achieve more resources evidently. We further present some illustrative examples to verify the results, and we show that a node can achieve 1.83 times resource if it misrepresents itself as two nodes. Finally, we discuss the influence of node’s misrepresenting behavior in tree graph: some child nodes gain fewer resources even if their parent node gains more resources by creating two fictitious nodes.

Impact of Supportive Resources on Middle-Aged Women's Self-Care Activities: A Study in The Vietnamese Context

Addressing the fact that studies on self-care of Vietnamese middle-aged women remain scarse, our presenting study aims to investigate the relationship between supportive resources utilized by Vietnamese middle-aged women and their types of self-care. Data were collected from survey interview with 512 middle-aged women (aged from 40 to 60 years old) in Hanoi city and Quang Ninh province. A series of linear regression was performed on the six types of self-care, including: physical care, supportive relationships, mindful awareness, self-compassion & purpose, mindful relaxation, and supportive structure. Three types of supportive resources and other covariates (age, education, and residence area) were entered into these models as key predictors. The study results show that the use of different level of resources was associated with different types of self-care practice. The use of micro-resource system significantly predicted all six types of self-care among Vietnamese middle-aged women. The mesenchymal and peripheral resource systems significantly predicted physical care only among Vietnamese middled-age women. The macro resource system was significantly associated with the practice of mind-relaxing and supportive structure. In addition, people who were older, had better education and lived in urban areas tended to participate more in physical care. Women with a higher education level and living in urban areas were predicted to utilize more supportive relationships and mindful relaxation. Women living in urban areas, having a higher level of education practiced mindful relaxation significantly more than their counterparts. Using more supportive structure was significantly more among women living in urban areas, in older age groups and having higher education levels. The key findings suggest the promotion of active support from the micro-level system, as well as advocate for social policy development to help less privileged groups of women access and use mezzo and macro resources more effectively.