Mitigating Potassium Leaching from Muriate of Potash in a Tropical Peat Soil Using Clinoptilolite Zeolite, Forest Litter Compost, and Chicken Litter Biochar

Using muriate of potash (MOP) as a source of potassium (K) is a cost-effective method for crop production in tropical peat soils. However, exchangeable K commonly leaches from tropical peat soils because of high rainfall and a lack of clay to retain this cation. Potassium retention as exchangeable K could inhibit K loss through leaching to increase K availability. Clinoptilolite zeolite (CZ), forest litter compost (FLC), and chicken litter biochar (CLB) can be used to retain K from MOP in tropical peat soils for crop use because of the high affinity of CZ, FLC, and CLB for K ions. These approaches can be used as innovative and sustainable alternatives for the frequently used lime (CaCO3). However, information on using CZ, FLC, and CLB for MOP K retention is limited. Thus, CZ, FLC, and CLB were tested in a leaching study to determine their effects on MOP K retention in tropical peat soil. The use of CZ and FLC at rates of 100% and 75% of the recommended rate for pineapple cultivation (a commonly grown fruit crop in tropical peat soils in Malaysia) improved the K availability, pH, and CEC of the peat soil because of the high CEC of CZ and the humic substances (humic acids, fulvic acids, and humin) of FLC, which have a high affinity for K ions. The CLB did not improve K retention because of the competition between K, Ca, Mg, and Na ions, which are inherently high in this soil amendment. Instead of liming, which only replaces a few of the leached cations, such as calcium, the results of this study suggest an alternative method of retaining peat cations, such as K, that reduce peat acidity. This alternative method of retaining peat soil cations, especially K ions, is a practical and sustainable approach for improving peat soil productivity.

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Clinoptilolite Zeolite on Tropical Peat Soils Nutrient, Growth, Fruit Quality, and Yield of Carica papaya L. cv. Sekaki

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10091320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1320

Author(s):

Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽

Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽

Shaidatul Azdawiyah Abdul Talib ◽

Mohamad Zabawi Abdul Ghani ◽

Shamsiah Sekot

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Clinoptilolite Zeolite

Papaya cultivation on nutrient deficient acidic peat soils causes poor growth, yield, and fruit quality of this crop. Alkalinity and the high affinity of clinoptilolite zeolite (CZ) for macronutrients could improve pH, nutrient availability, and papaya productivity on peat soils. A one-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of CZ on: (i) soil ammonium, nitrate, P, and K, and (ii) growth, yield, and fruit quality of papaya grown on a peat soil. Treatments evaluated were: (i) different amounts of CZ (25%, 50%, 70%, and 100% of the existing recommended rate of CZ) + NPK fertilizer, and (ii) NPK fertilizer alone. The peat soils with CZ improved pH, ammonium, nitrate, P, and K availability because of the sorption of these nutrients within the structured framework of the CZ. Co-applying CZ (70% to 100%) and NPK fertilizers improved the NPK contents in papaya leaves and the growth, yield, and fruit quality of papaya because of the significant availability of ammonium, nitrate, P, and K in the peat soil for their optimum uptake by the papaya plants. Ability of CZ to buffer the soil pH reduced the need for liming. It is possible to use CZ to improve papaya productivity because CZ can regulate nutrient availability.

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Horizontal and Vertical Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane from a Tropical Peat Soil Cultivated with Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v8n3p1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Alicia Vanessa Jeffary ◽

Ahmed Osumanu Haruna ◽

Roland Kueh Jui Heng ◽

Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽

Latifah Omar

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Large Scale ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Positive Contribution ◽

Limited Information ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Vertical Movements ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Tropical Peat

Peat soils have been developed for large scale plantations such as oil palm due to their positive contribution to Malaysia’s economic growth in agriculture sector. However, these developments contribute to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) mainly carbon (CO2) and methane (CH4). To date, there were limited information of GHGs emissions from pineapple cultivation and also inadequate data on horizontally and vertically soil GHGs emissions in peat soil profile. Thus, this study was carried out to determine carbon CO2 and CH4 emissions horizontally and vertically from a drained tropical peat soils from a drained tropical peat soils cultivated with pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Horizontal and vertical movements of CO2 and CH4 were measured from a drained tropical peatland with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Tropical peat soils cultivated with Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. contributed to 79.7 % of CO2, and 0.2 % of CH4 based on the yearly basis regardless of the differences in diurnal transportation; horizontal and vertical emission. Soil CO2 and CH4 were emitted the most through horizontal transportation with 70.84 % CO2, and 0.19 % CH4 compared to 8.85 % CO2, and 0.02 % CH4 in vertical transportation. The emission of CO2 was influenced by depth of water table and temperature. It is generally believed that lowering of peats water table leads to emission of higher CO2 emission because this process leads to exposure of peat soils to oxidation. Seasonal variation in CH4 flux was higher in the wet seasons due to rainfall; this might have increased the water table of the peat soil. The results suggest that CO2 and CH4 emissions occur both horizontally and vertically regardless of season. Therefore in order not to underestimate CO2 and CH4 emissions from peat soil, it is important to measure the emissions of this greenhouse gas which has been implicated in environmental pollution horizontally and vertically.

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MOISTURE RELEASE OF TROPICAL PEAT SOILS AS DECREASING WATER TABLE

TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL ◽

10.20527/twj.v1i1.15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Ahmad Kurnain

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Water Table ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Moisture Retention ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Tropical Peat ◽

Column Method ◽

Water Tables

Hydro-physics of peat soils varied with their peat decomposition degree. One of the important hydro-physics is ability of the peat soil to release water as decreasing water table. Potential of water availabilty to crop growth is evidently related to this behaviour. The present study was conducted to understand modes of moisture release of peat soils as decreasing water table. Water tables were simulated using a hanging column method. The water table was arranged at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 cm below peat column surfaces. Potential of moisture release or in oppositely potential of moisture retention could be modelled with the 3 parameter equation. Highly decomposed peat characterized by higher bulk density and lower total porosity stored less water but retained more water.

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Nitrous Oxide Emission of a Tropical Peat Soil Grown with Pineapple at Saratok, Malaysia

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v6n3p75 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽

Osumanu Haruna Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emission ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Closed Chamber ◽

Tropical Peat ◽

Water Table Condition ◽

Bare Peat ◽

Table Condition ◽

Nitrate Fertilization

Draining of peatland for agriculture could affect the release of nitrous oxide into the atmosphere. Presently, there is dearth of information on soil nitrous oxide emission from tropical peat soils cultivated with pineapples. Lysimeter and closed chamber methods were used to quantify nitrous oxide emission from root respiration, microbial respiration, and oxidative peat decomposition under controlled water table condition. Treatments evaluated were: peat soil grown with pineapple, uncultivated peat soils, and bare peat soil fumigated with chloroform. Cultivation of Moris pineapple on drained peat soils resulted in the higher release of nitrous oxide emission (15.7 t N2O ha/yr), followed by fumigated peat soil with chloroform (14.3 t N2O ha/yr), and uncultivated peat soil (10.2 t N2O ha/yr). Soil nitrous oxide emission was affected by nitrate fertilization but emission was not affected by soil temperature nor soil moisture.

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Methane Emission from Pineapple Cultivation on a Tropical Peatland at Saratok, Malaysia

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v6n3p64 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 64 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo ◽

Osumanu Haruna Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Microbial Respiration ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Tropical Peat ◽

Lysimeter Experiment ◽

Bare Peat

Information on methane emission in pineapple cultivation on peatlands is scarce. Methane emission in pineapple cultivation is important as 90% of pineapples are grown on the peat soils of Malaysia. It is essential to determine methane emission in pineapple cultivation because pineapples are Crassulacean acid metabolism plants whose effects on methane could be different from other crops grown on tropical peat soils. Methane emissions from root respiration, microbial respiration, and oxidative peat decomposition were determined in a lysimeter experiment. There were three treatments: peat soil cultivated with pineapple, bare peat soil, and bare peat soil fumigated with chloroform. Methane emissions from peat soil cultivated with pineapple, bare peat soil, and bare peat soil fumigated with chloroform were 0.65 t/ha/yr, 0.75 t/ha/yr, and 0.75 t/ha/yr, respectively. The lower methane emissions are consistent with the general believe that methane emission from cultivated peat soils is lower than those of anaerobic or water logged peat soils. Soil methane emission was affected by nitrogen fertilization under pineapple cultivation but the converse was true for soil temperature nor soil moisture.

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Horizontal and vertical emissions of methane from peat soils

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v17i3.43212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 359-362

Author(s):

A.V. Jeffary ◽

O.H. Ahmed ◽

R.K.J. Heng ◽

L.N.L.K. Choo

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Methane Emission ◽

Methane Production ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Ch4 Emission ◽

Wet Season ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Soil Particles ◽

Tropical Peat

Methane emission depends on the rates of methane production, consumption and ability of soil and plants to transport the gas to the soil surface and also within soil particles. The objective of this study was to determine CH4 fluxes horizontally and vertically from the floor and wall of the pit of a tropical peat soil. The horizontal emissions in the dry and wet seasons were 2.96 t CH4 ha-1yr-1 and 4.27 t CH4 ha-1yr-1, respectively and the vertical emissions were 0.36 t CH4 ha-1yr-1 and 0.51 t CH4 ha-1yr-1, respectively. The total amount of the horizontal and vertical emissions in the dry and wet seasons were 3.32 t CH4 ha-1yr-1 and 4.78 t CH4 ha-1yr-1, respectively. Horizontal emission was higher in the wet season due to an increase in the water table which resulted in an increase of CH4 emission. Thus, there is a need for direct CH4 measurement from cultivated peat soils to ensure that CH4 emission is neither underestimated nor overestimated. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 359–362, 2019

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Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Peat Soils as Decomposer of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2017.v22i1.47-53 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

. Gusmawartati ◽

. Agustian ◽

. Herviyanti ◽

. Jamsari

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Cellulolytic Activity ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Bacterial Colony ◽

Tropical Peat ◽

Two Stages

The aim of the research was to find out potential strainsof cellulolytic bacteria isolated from two tropical peat soils and to studythe potency of the isolated bacteria to decompose oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). The research was carried out in two stages: (1) isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from peat soils and (2) testing the potency of isolated bacteria to decompose oil palm EFB. The cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from two peat soils, i.e. a natural peat soil (forest) and a cultivated peat soil (has been used as agriculture land). Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria was conducted by preparing a series dilution of culture solutions using a streak plate method in a carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) selective medium.Isolates that were able to form clear zones surrounding their bacterial colony were further tested to study the potency of the isolates to decompose cellulose in oil palm EFB. The cellulolytic activity of the selected isolates were further determined via production of reducing sugars in an oil palm EFB liquid medium using Nelson-Somogyi method. The results showed that there are six isolates of cellulolytic bacteria that have been identified in two tropical peat soils used in the current study. Two isolates are identified in a natural peat soil (forest) and four isolates are identified in a cultivated peat soil. The isolates collected are identified as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonassp. and Staphylococcus sp. Among the isolates, an isolate of GS II-1 produces the highest concentration of reducing sugars, namely 0.1012 unitmL-1or 101 ppm, indicating that the isolate of GS II-1 is highly potential to decompose oil palm EFB. Therefore, the isolate of GS II-1 can be used as a decomposer in the bio-conversion processes of oil palm EFB.Keywords: isolation, bacteria, cellulolytic, oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), peat soil

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Applied K Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Pineapples Grown on a Tropical Peat Soil Under Residues Removal

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2005.9 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 42-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Osumanu H. Ahmed ◽

Husni M. H. Ahmad ◽

Hanafi M. Musa ◽

Anuar A. Rahim ◽

Syed Omar S. Rastan

Keyword(s):

Peat Soil ◽

Sharp Decrease ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Fertilizer Use ◽

Tropical Peat ◽

Fertilizer Recommendations ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Efficient Recovery ◽

Low K

In Malaysia, pineapples are grown on peat soils, but most K fertilizer recommendations do not take into account K loss through leaching. The objective of this study was to determine applied K use efficiency under a conventionally recommended fertilization regime in pineapple cultivation with residues removal. Results showed that K recovery from applied K fertilizer in pineapple cultivation on tropical peat soil was low, estimated at 28%. At a depth of 0–10 cm, there was a sharp decrease of soil total K, exchangeable K, and soil solution K days after planting (DAP) for plots with K fertilizer. This decline continued until the end of the study. Soil total, exchangeable, and solution K at the end of the study were generally lower than prior values before the study. There was no significant accumulation of K at depths of 10–25 and 25–45 cm. However, K concentrations throughout the study period were generally lower or equal to their initial status in the soil indicating leaching of the applied K and partly explained the low K recovery. Potassium losses through leaching in pineapple cultivation on tropical peat soils need to be considered in fertilizer recommendations for efficient recovery of applied K.

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CO2 Emissions from Tropical Peat Soil Affected by Fertilization

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2017.v22i1.1-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

. Husnain ◽

Ibrahim Adamy Sipahutar ◽

Joko Purnomo ◽

Hery Widyanto ◽

. Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Slow Release ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Tropical Peat ◽

The Difference ◽

Bare Peat ◽

Unfertilized Plot ◽

Slow Release Urea

The conversion of peat soils to agricultural uses has been thought to increase CO2 emission due to several factors, including fertilization. However, evidence on the effect of fertilization on CO2emissionsfrompeat soils is rareand often inconsistence. We measured the effects of different types of fertilizer, including N, P and K sources, and clay as an ameliorant on CO2 emission from a bare peat soil in Lubuk Ogong, Riau Province. Nutrients were added in the following combinations: 0 (unfertilized plot), N source (urea), slow-release N (slow release urea), N and Psource (Urea+SP-36), N, P and K sources (urea+SP-36+KCl) and combined NPK-Clay. Fertilization resulted in a decreasein CO2 emissions compared to that prior to fertilization except when slow-release urea was applied. Decreasing of CO2 emissions was probably due to pH-related effects because the pH in the N treatment was lower than in both the control and the unfertilized plot. A decreasein the level of CO2 emissions among the treatments followed the order NPK-Clay>NP>NPK>urea>slow-release urea. Covariance analyses showed that the difference in CO2 emissions prior to treatment was not significant. The application of individual and combined treatments of N, P, K and NPK mixed with 5 Mg ha-1 clay led to significantly reduced CO2 emissions from bare peat soil in Lubuk Ogong, Riau Province. In addition to fertilization, the water table depth was the only parameter that significantly affected the CO2 emissions (P<0.05). We conclude that the application of nutrient combinations, including N, P, K and clay, could reduce CO2 emissions because these treatments maintain a balanced nutritional condition in the soil with respect to the microbial activity.Keywords: Amelioration, CO2 emission, fertilization, tropical peat soils

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Thermal Imaging Study on The Effect of Permeability on Smouldering Behaviour of a Tropical Peat

Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences ◽

10.37934/arfmts.89.1.154159 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 154-159

Author(s):

Irfan Pratantyo ◽

Gatot Prayogo ◽

Agus Sunjarianto Pamitran ◽

Yulianto Sulistyo Nugroho

Keyword(s):

Thermal Imaging ◽

Oxygen Supply ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Imaging Study ◽

Peat Soils ◽

Tropical Peat ◽

Fibrous Peat ◽

Initial Results ◽

Heat Released

Smouldering is a slow-burning, low-temperature, flameless combustion, and frequently happens in peatland fires. The smouldering spread occurs because of the parameter achievement in oxygen supply, generated heat, and heat released to the environment. The condition of porous and fibrous peat soils makes oxygen supply easily happens. The difficulty of getting to the location of the burning peatland is one of the problems to extinguish the fire. This study aims to observe with thermal imaging study the effect of peat permeability on smouldering behaviour of a tropical peat sample. Mechanical compaction was applied to reduce permeability and pore value in the central of the peat soil. Then, peat soil is ignited to create the smouldering propagation through the compacted peat area. The combustion process that occurs on the surface is observed by a visual camera and an Infrared FLIR Thermal Camera. The initial results showed a reduction in the smouldering spread rate on the compacted soil region as compared to the undisturbed peat smouldering region. Nevertheless, smouldering combustion of peat still occurred in all regions of the reactor, once the smouldering front could penetrate the compacted region.

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