scholarly journals Integrated Rice-Duck Farming Decreases Soil Seed Bank and Weed Density in a Paddy Field

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wei ◽  
Wenjuan Bai ◽  
Jiaen Zhang ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Huimin Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Ecological Planting ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Coupled cropping-breeding modes have been highly recommended due to their ecological and sustainable nature. Integrated rice-duck farming is a typical ecological planting system in rice paddy fields and has been widely popularized in Asia where a considerable area of cropland has been planting rice. In this study, two experimental treatments of turbid water or rice-duck treatment were established to compare with the control and a conventional treatment in absence of ducks. The turbid water treatment imitated the muddying effect by duck activities with the trampling and foraging effects excluded, while the rice-duck treatment included all of the mentioned effects by raising ducks in rice paddy field. Results showed that the rice-duck treatment significantly reduced soil seed bank density by more than 40% and the figures under the turbid water treatment were 18.2% and 30.5%, accordingly, in the early and late rice growing seasons. Moreover, the rice-duck treatment significantly altered the vertical distribution of soil seed bank by substantially declining the seed density in the topsoil (0–5 cm). Changes in soil seed bank density considerably contributed to the declines in above-ground weed density because a significant correlation was detected between the soil seed bank density in the early season and the weed density in the late season. Our results of declined soil seed bank and weed density in integrated rice-duck farming imply that this system is highly efficient as a biological pathway for controlling weeds.

Seed and vegetation dynamics in an alpine herb field: effects of disturbance type

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne C. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pocket Gopher ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Highly Correlated

Relationships among the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and seed bank were examined on a late seral herb field characterized by pocket gopher disturbance and on an early seral gravel borrow that had been severely disturbed 35 years ago on the Beartooth Plateau, Montana. Aboveground vegetation cover was assessed by species in twelve 5-m2 plots. Seed rain was sampled during the 1988, 1989, and 1990 growing seasons with pitfall traps, and the soil seed bank was sampled in fall 1989, spring 1990, and fall 1990. The seed rain (filled seeds) on the borrow area ranged from 7730 to 14 009 seeds/m2 and was higher than that found on other alpine sites; that on the Geum turf ranged from 3375 to 6179 seeds/m2 and was similar to that for other alpine sites. Although highly variable among dates on the borrow area, the seed banks were similar to those of comparable alpine sites. Seed bank density ranged from 1980 to 6003 seeds/m2 on the borrow area and from 3202 to 4647 seeds/m2 on the Geum turf area. The Geum turf area had higher vegetation cover than the borrow area (87 vs. 25%) and higher numbers of species in the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and seed bank. Relationships among the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and seed bank were largely determined by the disturbance characteristics of the different sites and the life-history strategies of the dominant species. Medium-lived species, primarily grasses, with high production of small and compact seeds had colonized the borrow area. Despite establishment of other species, 35 years after disturbance the medium-lived species still dominated the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and seed bank. Species abundances in the three different components were all highly correlated. In contrast, on the Geum turf area there were no correlations among the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, or seed bank. Long-lived forbs that produced low numbers of relatively large seeds dominated the aboveground vegetation and persisted on the area primarily in the vegetative state. The same medium-lived species that dominated the borrow area had the highest abundance in the seed rain on the Geum turf area and appeared to persist by colonizing small-scale disturbances caused by gopher burrowing. Short-lived species with small, long-lived seeds existed on the site primarily through a highly persistent seed bank. The relationships among the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and seed bank on the Geum turf and borrow areas are compared with those observed for more temperate systems following disturbance. Key words: alpine, herb field, Geum turf, disturbance, vegetation cover, seed rain, seed bank, colonization, establishment, succession.

Natural cadmium loading and balance in a non-polluted rice paddy field in Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2243-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeko Yada ◽  
Tomohito Arao ◽  
Akira Kawasaki ◽  
Takayuki Saito ◽  
Hideyuki Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Culture ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Actual Increase ◽  
Total Input

We determined the natural Cd balance in a cultivated rice paddy field in Japan. The main sources of Cd in the non-polluted paddy field were phosphorus fertilizer and precipitation (annual input of Cd, 2,000 mg ha−1 and 1,020 mg ha−1, respectively). These sources account for 95% of the total input of Cd (3,192 mg ha−1). The actual increase of Cd in the soil was 0.0016 mg kg−1, we thus consider Cd in soil increases only slightly as a result of rice culture. This study indicates that it is difficult to reduce Cd loading by irrigation water treatment in a non-polluted paddy field. This further indicates that once a field is polluted by Cd it is difficult to decrease the accumulated Cd by the ordinary cultivation of rice plants.

scholarly journals The realised and potential soil seed bank in the Potentillo albae-Quercetum community in the Białowieża Primeval Forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Panufnik-Mędrzycka ◽  
Anna Justyna Kwiatkowska-Falińska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

Seedling emergence from soil seed bank was studied during 3 growing seasons 1997-1999 in: 1) 60 plots in 3 parts of the <em>Potentillo albae-Quercetum</em> patch: A - with <em>Carpinus betulus</em> (hornbeam) present only in the herb layer (canopy cover ca. 50-60%), B - after tree felling, at present with hornbeam dominating the shrub layer (cover &gt; 90%), C - invaded by hornbeam 30-40 years ago (cover ca. 90%), and in 2) 60 soil samples from objects A, B, C kept in an unheated glasshouse. The results suggest that the seed bank realised in natural conditions is poorer in species with high light requirements (the Ellenberg indicator values for light (L ≥ 6) and their seedlings in comparison with the potential seed bank estimated in glasshouse conditions (field: A- 24; B - 17; C- 7, glasshouse : 44; 38; 32 species / 2 m<sup>2</sup>, field: 321; 108; 14, glasshouse: 785; 1205; 177 seedlings / m<sup>2</sup>, respectively). Contrarily, more species and seedlings with moderate light demand (L = 3-5) appeared in the field plots (field: A- 26; B- 25, glasshouse: 20; 14 species / 2 m<sup>2</sup>, field: 1014; 310, glasshouse: 328; 71 seedlings / m<sup>2</sup>). The shading by hornbeam negatively influences the size of the seed bank (field: A - 1743; B - 1226; C - 680, glasshouse: 1547; 3274; 459 seedlings / m<sup>2</sup>) and its species richness (field: A- 55; B - 48; C - 19, glasshouse: 76; 59; 56 taxa / 2 m<sup>2</sup>). Nomenclature: syntaxa - Matuszkiewicz (1981), taxa - Mirek et al. (1995).

Integrated Analysis of Methane Emissions on in Rice Paddy Field of South Jiangsu Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1596-1599
Author(s):  
Lei Zhong ◽  
Hui Zou ◽  
Xin Hao
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Variation Characteristics

Field experimental results about methane (CH4) emissions of rice growing seasons were analyzed in south Jiangsu province from 2001 to 2010. In order to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics, conducting a database of CH4 emissions of rice paddy field in the area. On the spatial distribution, Zhenjiang city had the highest CH4 emission flux in rice growing season of this area, up to 7.80g/(m2h). Amount of CH4 emissions per unit area in Changzhou city was slightly higher than other cities, up to 17.17g/m2. From 2001 to 2010, both the rice growing area and the CH4 emission of south Jiangsu province shown a declining trend during last decade. The rice growing area declined 170670 ha, a drop of 28.81%; total CH4 emissions decreased by 29.90×1010g, a drop of 30.72%. From 2001 to 2010, there was no significant difference of CH4 emissions per unit area between the cities, all CH4 emissions reduction was mainly due to a reduction of rice growing area.

Characteristics of Soil Seed Bank of Caragana microphylla Community under the Grazing and Enclosure Conditions in Horqin Sandy Land

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-719
Author(s):  
Ming LI ◽  
De-ming JIANG ◽  
Yong-ming LUO ◽  
Xiu-mei WANG ◽  
Bo LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Horqin Sandy Land ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Caragana Microphylla

Community Dynamics and Soil Seed Bank Ecology of Lane Mountain Milkvetch (Astragalus jaegerianus Munz)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Huggins ◽  
B. A. Prigge ◽  
M. R. Sharifi ◽  
P. W. Rundel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Soil Seed Bank

Effects of cereal rye seeding rate on waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) emergence and soybean growth and yield

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Mandy Bish ◽  
Brian Dintelmann ◽  
Eric Oseland ◽  
Jacob Vaughn ◽  
Kevin Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract The evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds has resulted in the necessity to integrate non-chemical control methods with chemicals for effective management in crop production systems. In soybean, control of the pigweed species, particularly herbicide-resistant waterhemp and Palmer amaranth, have become predominant concerns. Cereal rye planted as a winter cover crop can effectively suppress early-season weed emergence in soybean, including waterhemp, when planted at a rate of 123 kg ha−1. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different cereal rye seeding rates (0, 34, 56, 79, 110, and 123 kg ha−1) on early-season waterhemp suppression and soybean growth and yield. Soybean was planted into fall-seeded cereal rye, which was terminated within four days of soybean planting. The experiment was conducted over the 2018, 2019, and 2020 growing seasons in Columbia, Missouri. Effects of cereal rye on early-season waterhemp suppression varied by year and were most consistent at 56 kg ha−1 or higher seeding rates. Linear regression analysis of cereal rye biomass, height, or stand at soybean planting showed inverse relationships with waterhemp emergence. No adverse effects to soybean growth or yield were observed at any of the cereal rye seeding rates relative to plots that lacked cereal rye cover. Result differences among the years suggest that the successfulness of cereal rye on suppression of early-season waterhemp emergence is likely influenced by the amount of waterhemp seed present in the soil seed bank.

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