rice culture
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Teixeira Arriel-Elias ◽  
Gabriel Carlos Teixeira Freire Arriel ◽  
Gustavo Andrade Bezerra ◽  
Pedro Henrique Dias dos Santos ◽  
Vanessa Gisele Pasqualotto Severino ◽  
...  

Abstract The objective of this work was to optimize the extraction process and application of bacterial extracts of Bacillus sp. and Serratia sp. in leaf blast control (Magnapothe oryzae) and brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) in rice culture. The work was divided into three stages: 1) Bacterial obtaining extracts through liquid-liquid extraction 2) Antagonistic capacity of bacterial extracts to M. oryaze and B. oryae 3) Suppression of brown spot (A1) and leaf blast (A2) in greenhouse. The bacterial isolates in present study were identified as Bacillus sp. (BRM32110) and Serratia marcescens (BRM32113). The crude extract of both isolates at different extraction times 6, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours reduced the growth of colonies of M. oryzae and B. oryzae by up to 92% and 28%, respectively. The extracts that showed highest inhibition of colony growth were those obtained after 6 and 16h of incubation and were selected for subsequent assays. These, for both isolates were able to reduce conidia germination by up to 91% and apressorium formation of M. oryzae by up to 93%. In green house, A1 the treatment that stood out was the extract of Bacillus sp. (16h) with 6.7% of leaf area affected and in A2 the treatment S. marcescens extract (16h) stood out with only 7.6% of leaf area affected with brusone when compared to control. The use of extracts of Bacillus sp. and Serratia marcescens was efficient in reducing the severity of brown spot and leaf blast in rice crop.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Manoel Rezende De Melo ◽  
Douglas Goulart Castro ◽  
Tácio Peres da Silva ◽  
Antônio Rosário Neto ◽  
Marco Renan Félix ◽  
...  

The culture of rice has great potential to constitute the production systems of annual perennial crops, mainly in small properties. This allows this system to integrate with other activities such as the dairy industry, taking advantage of the milk by-product, reducing the environmental liability for disposal in the environment. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the growth and productivity of rice grains under different doses of acid milk serum (0 m3 ha-1, 5 m3 ha-1, 10 m3 ha-1, 20 m3 ha-1, 50 m3 ha-1, 100 m3 ha-1, and 150 m3 ha-1), in soil applications with monitoring of fertility and electrical conductivity levels. The rice was sown in the UFLA experimental field, using the BRSMG Esmeralda lineage. Seven different doses were used, divided into two applications via soil. No cover fertilization was carried out. Yield and crop growth variables were determined by monitoring the nutrient content in the soil profile and the sodification and salinization capacity of the residue. It was found that the increase in serum doses increased the electrical conductivity and the percentage of exchangeable sodium by 1.75 and 7.75 compared to the control, but did not cause the process of sodification and salinization of the soil. As acid milk serum is a significant source of potassium, its use in the soil did not promote significant grain yield. It was concluded that the acid milk serum in the doses used did not cause sodification or salinization of the soil. This residue is the safe dose that can be used as potassium and nitrogen. The acid milk serum in the tested conditions did not increase the growth of the culture.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Fionna M. D. Samuels ◽  
Dominik G. Stich ◽  
Remi Bonnart ◽  
Gayle M. Volk ◽  
Nancy E. Levinger

Cryoprotectants allow cells to be frozen in liquid nitrogen and cryopreserved for years by minimizing the damage that occurs in cooling and warming processes. Unfortunately, how the specific cryoprotectants keep the cells viable through the cryopreservation process is not entirely evident. This contributes to the arduous process of optimizing cryoprotectant formulations for each new cell line or species that is conserved. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy facilitates the visualization of deuterated cryoprotectants within living cells. Using this technique, we directly imaged the location of fully deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (d6-DMSO), the deuterated form of a commonly used cryoprotectant, DMSO, within rice suspension cells. This work showed that d6-DMSO does not uniformly distribute throughout the cells, rather it enters the cell and sequesters within organelles, changing our understanding of how DMSO concentration varies within the cellular compartments. Variations in cryoprotectant concentration within different cells and tissues will likely lead to differing protection from liquid nitrogen exposure. Expanding this work to include different cryoprotectants and mixtures of cryoprotectants is vital to create a robust understanding of how the distributions of these molecules change when different cryoprotectants are used.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yuping Zeng ◽  
Oded Shenkar

Drawing on the novel-to-the-field rice theory, we study how subnational cultural heterogeneity impacts target performance improvement following an acquisition. Data from domestic acquisitions in the Chinese beer industry show performance is significantly impacted by cultural characteristics formulated through agricultural subsistence activities. We find that both cultural similarity and dissimilarity influence performance: (1) in transactions in which both the acquirer and target are located in rice culture regions, targets achieve greater performance improvement than in those in which both firms are located in a wheat culture region, and (2) targets located in wheat culture areas bought by acquirers from a rice culture area gain greater performance improvement than rice culture targets acquired by firms from a wheat culture area. We also find that acquirers’ experience with rice targets is less beneficial than their experience with wheat targets.


2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Etik Puji Handayani ◽  
Isak Juarsah ◽  
Rakhmiati ◽  
Ainin niswati

The new challenge for Indonesian food security in the future depends on the productivity of rice on the sub-optimal land, including freshwater swampland. It is a specific and unique characteristic of rice culture. This study aims to analyze opportunities for innovating technology applied to improve the availability of nutrients based on the existing nutrient in freshwater swampland. The soil survey method by purposive and random samplings used to the composite soil sampling in the two sub-district in Banyuasin District, South Sumatera Province, then analyzed in the laboratory. Data collected analysis through descriptive statistics. The results showed that Rice cultivation in the freshwater swampland was a profitable venture. Unavailability of P nutrients for rice plants was the main problem on acidic soil (pH 3.32-4.12), caused by increased the solubility of Fe and Al. Hence the adoption of farmers to various technological innovations such as liming, fertilization, and amelioration to increase soil pH is the key to success in rice culture in the freshwater swampland besides growing tolerant varieties.


Lire Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
Dodik Murdiyanto Laksmana Putra ◽  
Wakit Abdullah Rais ◽  
Sawardi Sawardi

Rice culture society, which is a society that has a set of supernatural values and beliefs in rice entities. As a strong rice-cultured society, all main activities of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar community are centered on rice. There are many series of rituals performed during one cycle of rice planting. This study attempts to describe the problem (1) how the forms of Sundanese vocabulary are used in a series of rituals of rice culture during one cycle of rice planting in Kasepuhan Ciptagelar Sukabumi , (2) how the lexical meaning and cultural meaning of those terms, (3) how the functions of the meaning. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with an ethnolinguistic approach. This descriptive qualitative research also utilizes ethnographic methods. Ethnographic methods are used in this study because data collection is done directly. The analysis model used is a model of cognitive anthropology or ethnoscience or also known as the new ethnography. The location of this research is in the Kasepuhan Ciptagelar Indigenous community in the area of Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Sukamulya Village, Sirnaresmi Village, Cisolok District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java. Based on data analysis in this study, there were 32 series of rituals from cultural activities carried out for 10 months in one cycle of rice planting in Kasepuhan Ciptagelar.


Author(s):  
HAITHAM ALI IBRAHIM ◽  
REHAM RAGAEI IBRAHIM ◽  
REEM ALAA KAMEL ◽  
SHAHENDA METWALLY EL-MESSERY ◽  
FATMA ABDELKADER MOHARRAM

Objective: Aspergillus fungus is a rich source of natural products with broad biological activities. This study was conducted to identify secondary metabolites from the rice culture of Aspergillus species isolated from Melaleuca subulata leaves and evaluated their anticancer activity. Methods: Ethyl acetate extract was fractionated on silica gel and Sephadex columns. Structures of the compounds were established using physical and chemical methods. Cytotoxic activities of the extract and pure compounds against two human cancer cell lines (Mcf-7and Hep G2) were evaluated using microculture tetrazolium assay as well as the mode of the cytotoxicity was evaluated. Molecular docking studies have been performed using the Hsp 90 enzyme as an anticancer target. Results: Methyl linoleate (1), arugosin C (2), ergosterol (3), sterigmatocystin (4), diorcinol (5), alternariol-5-O-methyl ether (6), averufin (7), averufanin (8), and alternariol (9) were identified from ethyl acetate extract. All tested compounds exhibit week activity against MCF-7 and Hep G2 cell lines but a mixture of compounds 7 and 8 is considered to be more active towards both MCF-7 and Hep G 2 in comparison to other compounds. Compound 4 exhibits moderate activity against Hep G2 only as well as the ethyl acetate extract exerts moderate activity against MCF-7 cell line Moreover, compound 4 and a mixture of 7 and 8 caused a decrease in the number of Hep G2 cancer cells due to apoptotic and necrotic processes. Most active anticancer candidates 7 and 8 showed binding to the active site similar to geldanamycin reference ligand. Conclusion: Secondary metabolites identified from Aspergillus sp. and their anticancer activity were evaluated. Molecular docking suggested active candidates as Hsp 90 inhibitors.


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