scholarly journals Targeting the Hindgut to Improve Health and Performance in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1817
Author(s):  
M. Victoria Sanz-Fernandez ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Daniel ◽  
Dave J. Seymour ◽  
Sara K. Kvidera ◽  
Zeno Bester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Gastrointestinal Barrier ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dietary Starch

An adequate gastrointestinal barrier function is essential to preserve animal health and well-being. Suboptimal gut health results in the translocation of contents from the gastrointestinal lumen across the epithelium, inducing local and systemic inflammatory responses. Inflammation is characterized by high energetic and nutrient requirements, which diverts resources away from production. Further, barrier function defects and inflammation have been both associated with several metabolic diseases in dairy cattle and liver abscesses in feedlots. The gastrointestinal tract is sensitive to several factors intrinsic to the productive cycles of dairy and beef cattle. Among them, high grain diets, commonly fed to support lactation and growth, are potentially detrimental for rumen health due to their increased fermentability, representing the main risk factor for the development of acidosis. Furthermore, the increase in dietary starch associated with such rations frequently results in an increase in the bypass fraction reaching distal sections of the intestine. The effects of high grain diets in the hindgut are comparable to those in the rumen and, thus, hindgut acidosis likely plays a role in grain overload syndrome. However, the relative contribution of the hindgut to this syndrome remains unknown. Nutritional strategies designed to support hindgut health might represent an opportunity to sustain health and performance in bovines.

Recent developments in lipid metabolism in ruminants – the role of fat in maintaining animal health and performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
And Performance

Optimising farm animal performance has long been the key focus of worldwide livestock production research. Advances in the understanding of metabolism/phenotype associations have outlined the central role of the lipid metabolism of farm animals for economically relevant phenotypic traits, such as animal health (immune status, fertility/reproductive capacity, adaptability/metabolic flexibility, robustness, well being) and performance aspects (meat/milk quality and quantity) and have led to an extensive exploitation of lipid metabolism manipulation strategies (e.g. tailored nutritional regimes, alimentary/intravenous fat supplementation, rumen-protected fat feeding, hormone application). This contribution gives an overview of established concepts to tailor animals’ lipid metabolism and highlights novel strategies to expand these application-oriented approaches via improved analysis tools, omics-approaches, cell model systems and systems biology methods.

scholarly journals Community Engagement and Building Trust to Resolve Ethical Challenges during Humanitarian Crises: Experience from the CAGED Study in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getnet Yimer ◽  
Wondwossen Gebreyes ◽  
Arie Havelaar ◽  
Jemal Yousuf ◽  
Sarah McKune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Advisory Boards ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background According to data from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre’s Global Report on Internal Displacement 2019, Ethiopia had the highest number of people newly displaced within their own country due to violence. Several regions in the country experience on-going ethnic tensions and violent tribal conflict, which leaves smallholder farmers suspicious and distrustful of any outside activities in their locale, fearing harm from other ethnic groups. Changes in the central Ethiopian government have also led to suspicion of non-local agencies. The Campylobacter Genomics and Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) research project’s objective is to improve the incomes, livelihoods and nutrition of smallholder farmers and was conducted during this period of increased tension and violence. The project aims to assess the impact of reducing exposure to chicken excreta on young children’s gut health and growth. To inform the study design, formative baseline field data was collected between March 2018 and February 2019 by a team of trained and experienced human and animal health professionals from the same region, who speak the local language. Discussion This research is important to determine whether Campylobacter infection in chickens contributes to illness and stunting in children. Stunting is widespread in humanitarian settings, with major implications for children’s well-being and social inequalities. During this research, violence against other researchers elsewhere in Ethiopia led to mistrust and lack of engagement by the community. Hostile reactions developed until the team was fearful about returning to certain households. The team designed mitigation strategies in response, including establishing two types of community advisory boards. One used pre-existing village elder structures and another included village youth. Data collection team members received training in principles of ethics, consent, and crisis management, and were provided on-going support from local and international principal investigators and the study’s ethics advisor. Conclusion Tension and conflict led to mistrust of outsiders which generated fear among the CAGED data collectors The resulting challenges were addressed by innovative strategies which also delayed the research process. The interventions resulted in successful completion of the field activities. The lessons learned are being implemented with other projects being conducted in various parts of Ethiopia.

Fresh and healthy? Well-being, health and performance of young employees with intermediate education

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Akkermans ◽  
V. Brenninkmeijer ◽  
R. W. B. Blonk ◽  
L. L. J. Kopped
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
And Performance

Beyond worker health: Toward a systems approach to well-being and performance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Ballard ◽  
Matthew J. Grawitch ◽  
Larissa K. Barber ◽  
Lois E. Tetrick
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Worker Health ◽  
And Performance

Strategic threats to energy security as risks of quality of people's life

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-744
Author(s):  
V.I. Loktionov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Economic Well Being ◽  
The Way

Subject. The article reviews the way strategic threats to energy security influence the quality of people's life. Objectives. The study unfolds the theory of analyzing strategic threats to energy security by covering the matter of quality of people's life. Methods. To analyze the way strategic threats to energy security spread across cross-sectoral commodity and production chains and influences quality of people's living, I applied the factor analysis and general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. I suggest interpreting strategic threats to energy security as risks of people's quality of life due to a reduction in the volume of energy supply. I identified mechanisms reflecting how the fuel and energy complex and its development influence the quality of people's life. The article sets out the method to assess such quality-of-life risks arising from strategic threats to energy security. Conclusions and Relevance. In the current geopolitical situation, strategic threats to energy security cause long-standing adverse consequences for the quality of people's life. If strategic threats to energy security are further construed as risk of quality of people's life, this will facilitate the preparation and performance of a more effective governmental policy on energy, which will subsequently raise the economic well-being of people.

ELIXIR TO EXAMINATION STRESS AMONG STUDENT - STUDY SKILLS TRAINING AND SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Baijal
Keyword(s):  
Study Skills ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Systematic Desensitization ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
Examination Stress ◽  
And Performance

Examination stress is a ubiquitous phenomenon that has, in the present times, adversely affected the learning outcomes and performance of the students at all levels- primary, secondary or higher education. It’s increasing intensity specifically among students appearing for high stakes board examination evokes a response from the teaching fraternity at the earliest. The reason being that a prolonged experience of stress with respect to evaluative situations is bound to prove detrimental to the mental, physical and emotional well-being of the students. For the nation to develop and progress towards a knowledge society, it is imperative that the students are taught to cope with stressful stimuli and improve performance. Study-Skills Training is an intervention intended to improve their study and test- taking habits and skills. It is based on a cognitive-deficit model which is directed towards improving a variety of cognitive activities that affect the organization, processing and retrieval of information and thereby help in reducing the experience of examination stress. Systematic desensitization as a process can be used to unlearn anxiety reactions by replacing the anxiety response with a calm, relaxed state. Thus, a combination of study-skills training and systematic desensitization has been shown to be effective and superior in alleviating test anxiety

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