scholarly journals Effect of Chitosan and Naringin on Enteric Methane Emissions in Crossbred Heifers Fed Tropical Grass

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1599
Author(s):  
Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo ◽  
María Denisse Montoya-Flores ◽  
Esperanza Herrera-Torres ◽  
Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco ◽  
Jeyder Israel Arceo-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Tropical Grass

In order to meet consumer needs, the livestock industry is increasingly seeking natural feed additives with the ability to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, alternatives to antibiotics, and mitigate methane emissions in ruminants. Chitosan (CHI) is a polysaccharide with antimicrobial capability against protozoa and Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, and yeasts while naringin (NA) is a flavonoid with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. First, an in vitro gas production experiment was performed adding 0, 1.5, 3.0 g/kg of CHI and NA under a completely randomized design. The substrate containing forage and concentrate in a 70:30 ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Compounds increased the concentration of propionic acid, and a significant reduction in methane production was observed with the inclusion of CHI at 1.5 g/kg in in vitro experiments (p < 0.001). In a dry matter rumen degradability study for 96 h, there were no differences in potential and effective degradability. In the in vivo study, six crossbred heifers fitted with rumen cannulas were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design according to the following treatments: control (CTL), no additive; chitosan (CHI1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (CHI2, 3.0 g/kg DMI); naringin (NA1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (NA2, 3.0 g/kg DMI) and a mixture of CHI and NA (1.5 + 1.5 g/kg DMI) given directly through the rumen cannula. Additives did not affect rumen fermentation (p > 0.05), DM intake and digestibility of (p > 0.05), and enteric methane emissions (p > 0.05). CHI at a concentration of 1.5 g/kg DM in in vitro experiments had a positive effect on fermentation pattern increasing propionate and reduced methane production. In contrast, in the in vivo studies, there was not a positive effect on rumen fermentation, nor in enteric methane production in crossbred heifers fed a basal ration of tropical grass.

scholarly journals Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M. Joch ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
B. Hučko
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

scholarly journals Overview of nutritional strategies to lower enteric methane emissions in ruminants

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Bayat ◽  
Kevin J. Shingfield
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

Since ruminants are capable of utilizing fibrous feeds not digested by mono-gastrics, they represent a valuable natural resource for meeting future increases in global food supply. Ruminants have both local (nitrogen and phosphorus pollutions) and global (greenhouse gases, GHG) environmental footprints. It is estimated that the livestock sector is responsible for 18% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Losses of methane represent 30 to 50% of total GHG from livestock production, with the contribution from ruminants accounting for about 80%. Due to the concerns of increases in GHG emissions into the environment and potential effects on global warming, there is a need to develop strategies to lower methane emissions from ruminants as part of an overall requirement to improve the sustainability of ruminant food production systems. Methane is produced as a by-product of anaerobic fermentation in the reticulo-rumen, largely due to the activity of methanogenic archaea. Recent research has focused on the potential of novel feed ingredients (probiotics, ionophores, acetogen-based inoculants, bacteriocins, organic acids and plant extracts) or vaccines to lower hydrogen production and/or increase the transfer and utilization of metabolic hydrogen in the production of end-products other than methane in the rumen. Research to date has provided evidence that dietary supplements of plant or marine oils, oilseeds, specific fatty acids and condensed tannins, as well as defaunation, increases in production level or decreases in the proportion of forage in the diet may lower enteric methane production. Even though dietary lipid supplements can be used to lower methane output, in high amounts a decrease in intake and milk production can be expected. While further investigations have demonstrated the efficacy of specific agents on methanogenesis in vitro, the effects have not been substantiated in vivo. Altering the ratio of H2 /non-H2 producing fibrolytic bacteria to lower methanogenesis without altering fibre digestion has been demonstrated under experimental conditions. Furthermore, non-H2 producing communities have been characterized in the digesta of certain ruminant species. In contrast, stimulating acetogenesis by inoculation with rumen acetogens or non-rumen acetogens have met with limited success in vitro and in vivo. Research has also concentrated on stimulating the ultilisation of metabolic hydrogen by sulphate reducing bacteria, but there remains concern over the toxicity of H2S in the host ruminant. Investigations of nitrate reducing bacteria which produce more NH3 and less toxic nitrite, have indicated promising results. Increasing the number of capnophilic bacteria which use CO2 and H2 to produce organic acids, succinic acid in particular, may decrease methane production. In isolation, several approaches have been shown to decrease enteric methane emissions, but often part of the changes observed are related to lowered organic matter digestion in the rumen. However, lowering methane production per unit product over the lifetime of an animal should be regarded as the central goal to decrease GHG from ruminant livestock systems. This highlights the need for integrated solutions to improve digestive efficiency, as well as fertility and health. In conclusion, any prospective solution to lower on-farm GHG emissions must be practical, cost effective and have no adverse effect on the profitability of ruminant meat and milk production. Recent research has indicated significant potential, but none of the strategies tested thus far satisfy all of the necessary criteria for immediate implementation.

scholarly journals Methane production from in vitro incubation of kikuyu grass, lucerne and forages containing condensed tannins

2005 ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Tavendale ◽  
L.P. Meagher ◽  
Z.A. Park-Ng ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
G.T. Attwood
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

A series of in vitro incubations with kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), lucerne and six legumes containing condensed tannins (CT) were undertaken to evaluate this technique against in vivo trials in New Zealand, measuring methane emissions. Published trials have demonstrated a reduction in methane emissions associated with CT and in one instance from kikuyu. The incubations used fresh minced forage (equivalent to 0.5 g dry matter (DM)) and were carried out in 50 ml sealed bottles containing buffer and rumen inoculum. Gas was sampled through a septum to monitor volume and composition throughout the 24h incubation. Incubation for 24 h resulted in 2.4-6.6 % conversion of DM to methane, and suggested CT concentrations below about 8% of the DM can reduce methane production without inhibiting fermentation rate. Higher concentrations of CT (> 8%) were associated with a lower rate of digestion. In common with in vivo trials, CT concentration in forage DM was inversely related to methane (adjusted R2 = 0.49; P = 0.01) and volatile fatty acid (adjusted R2=0.86; P

scholarly journals Effects of Microalgae Species on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Pattern and Methane Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Sucu
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to establish the effects of two types of microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris (AI), C. variabilis (AII) and their combination (AI+AII)] with two substrates (wheat and corn silages) on rumen fermentation, gas and methane production. To each substrate, one of 3 algae treatment was supplemented at 0% and 25% of the total incubated dry matter. A series of 5 measurement points (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) were completed and the gas production was monitored. The proximate and mineral composition of microalgae and substrates were examined. At 48 h incubation rumen fermentation variables and CH4 production were also assessed. When compared with wheat silage, corn silage caused an increase in gas production (P<0.05). Ruminal gas production decreased in the algae groups when compared to the controls (0% algae, wheat and corn silages, P<0.05). Among algae, C. vulgaris had the strongest effect, decreasing gas production by 34%. Among algae, the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 production were found to be lower in C. variabilis (P<0.001). Ammonia-N increased with the algae inclusion (P<0.05). But, the ruminal gas production, pH, acetate, the total VFA, CH4 and rumen fermentation efficiency were not affected by the substrate and algae interaction (P>0.05). The propionate was the highest (P<0.05) for corn silage when incubated with C. vulgaris. Ruminal butyrate was the lowest for the wheat silage when incubated with the mixture of algae (P<0.05). The NH3-N was the highest in corn silage when incubated with all algae types (P<0.05). Careful selection and combination of substrate and algae may positively manipulate rumen fermentation and may inhibit CH4 production. Further research is needed to validate these results in vivo.

The effect of absence of protozoa on methane emissions by lambs

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 47-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Yanez-Ruiz ◽  
K.J. Hart ◽  
A. Belanche ◽  
A.I. Martin-Garcia ◽  
C.J. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Methane Release ◽  
Selective Suppression ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Short And Long Term

Livestock are one of the largest single sources of methane emission, equivalent to 15-20 % of total anthropogenic methane. Selective suppression of the rumen protozoa has been suggested to be promising approach to reduce methane release (Moss et al., 2000) as up to 25 % of the methanogens in the rumen are associated with protozoa (Newbold et al., 1995). However, contradictory results have been reported between in vitro and in vivo data and short and long term defaunation experiments (Ranilla et al., 2003). This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the absence of protozoa in the rumen on enteric methane production by lambs.

scholarly journals Reducing enteric methane production from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) by garlic oil supplementation in in vitro rumen fermentation system

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Dey ◽  
Shyam Sundar Paul ◽  
Puran Chand Lailer ◽  
Satbir Singh Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Acetyl Esterase ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

AbstractEnteric methane production contributes significantly to the greenhouse gas emission globally. Although, buffaloes are integral part of livestock production in Asian countries, contributing milk, meat and draft power, the contribution of enteric methane to environmental pollution attracts attention. The present study investigated the efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) oil in reducing enteric methane production from buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) by in vitro rumen fermentation. Garlic oil (GOL) was tested at four concentrations [0 (Control), 33.33 µl (GOL-1), 83.33 µl (GOL-2) and 166.66 µl (GOL-3) per litre of buffered rumen fluid] in 100-ml graduated glass syringes and incubated at 39℃ for 24 h for in vitro rumen fermentation study. Supplementation of GOL-1 increased (p < 0.05) total gas production in comparison with GOL-3; however, it remained comparable (p > 0.05) with control and GOL-2. Graded doses of garlic oil inclusions reduced (p < 0.001) methane concentration (%) in total gas and total methane production (ml/g DM), irrespective of concentrations. The feed degradability, volatile fatty acids and microbial biomass production (MBP) were not affected (p > 0.05) by GOL-1, but these tended to decrease in GOL-2 with marked reduction (p < 0.01) in GOL-3. The decrease (p < 0.01) in NH3–N concentration in fermentation fluid in the presence of garlic oil, irrespective of concentration, suggests reduced deamination by inhibiting rumen proteolytic bacterial population. The activities of ruminal fibrolytic enzymes (CMCase, xylanase, β-glucosidase, acetyl esterase) were not affected by lower dose (GOL-1) of garlic oil; however, reduction (p < 0.05) of these enzymes activity in rumen liquor was evident at higher doses (GOL-2 and GOL-3) of supplementation. This study shows positive impact of garlic oil supplementation at low dose (33.33 µl/l of rumen fluid) in reducing enteric methane production, thereby, abatement of environmental pollution without affecting feed digestibility.

scholarly journals Flavonoids and their aromatic derivatives in Piper betle powder promote in vitro methane mitigation in a variety of diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba ◽  
Siwaporn Paengkoum ◽  
Chalermpon Yuangklang ◽  
Pramote Paengkoum
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Goats

ABSTRACT At present, there is little information regarding whether supplementation with Piper betle powder (PBP) and sunflower oil (SFO) has a synergistic effect on lowering methane emissions without negatively impacting ruminal fermentation. This study investigated the effects of PBP, supplemented either with or without SFO, on biogas release, fermentation end-products, and microorganisms in the rumen of lactating goats. The treatments were run in a completely randomized 3 × 5 factorial arrangement, whereby 0, 15, and 30 mg SFO were combined with 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg PBP on a dry matter basis. The outcomes were assessed in vitro. PBP was obtained from the perennial plant Piper betle L., which is an abundant source of flavonoids and their aromatic derivatives. SFO, which reduces dietary methane emissions, was supplemented to confirm whether it interacted with other nutrients in the ruminant diet. SFO × PBP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased methane production, enhanced total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and decreased the number of rumen protozoa. We found that 15-30 mg, but not 45-60 mg, PBP combined with 0, 15, and 30 mg SFO increased (p < 0.05) total gas production (including CO2) from fermentation. However, our results suggested that at least 45 mg PBP, either alone or combined with SFO, was required to reduce ammonia-N (p < 0.05). Not all treatments affected rumen pH. In conclusion, supplementing PBP (< 30 mg), either alone or combined with SFO, has a suppressing effect on methane production while preserving an optimum rate of rumen fermentation.

Effect of 9,10-Anthraquinone on rumen methane production as studied in vitro and in vivo

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
V. Fievez ◽  
B. Vlaeminck ◽  
W. Steinberg ◽  
I. Immig ◽  
D. Demeyer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

In vitro supplementation of 0.05% [on a substrate basis (wt/wt)] - but not of 0.01% - of 9,10-Anthraquinone (AQ) inhibited rumen methanogenesis, reduced total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and molar proportions of acetate (Acet), increased proportions of propionate (Prop) and butyrate (But) and resulted sometimes in H2 accumulation (Garcia-Lopez et al., 1996). In vivo administration of high amounts of AQ [5% on a substrate basis (wt/wt)] to lambs depressed CH4 and increased H2 concentrations in ruminal gases during the complete 19 days of administration, whereas original concentrations were re-installed within 6 days after the removal of AQ from the diet (Kung et al., 1996). In this experiment we aimed to study the dose effect of AQ on in vitro rumen fermentation and modifications to rumen fermentation when administering 0.05% of AQ in vivo.

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