Effects of feeding ground pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum Jacq. Griseb on dry matter intake, rumen fermentation, and enteric methane production by Pelibuey sheep fed tropical grass

In order to meet consumer needs, the livestock industry is increasingly seeking natural feed additives with the ability to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, alternatives to antibiotics, and mitigate methane emissions in ruminants. Chitosan (CHI) is a polysaccharide with antimicrobial capability against protozoa and Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, and yeasts while naringin (NA) is a flavonoid with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. First, an in vitro gas production experiment was performed adding 0, 1.5, 3.0 g/kg of CHI and NA under a completely randomized design. The substrate containing forage and concentrate in a 70:30 ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Compounds increased the concentration of propionic acid, and a significant reduction in methane production was observed with the inclusion of CHI at 1.5 g/kg in in vitro experiments (p < 0.001). In a dry matter rumen degradability study for 96 h, there were no differences in potential and effective degradability. In the in vivo study, six crossbred heifers fitted with rumen cannulas were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design according to the following treatments: control (CTL), no additive; chitosan (CHI1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (CHI2, 3.0 g/kg DMI); naringin (NA1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (NA2, 3.0 g/kg DMI) and a mixture of CHI and NA (1.5 + 1.5 g/kg DMI) given directly through the rumen cannula. Additives did not affect rumen fermentation (p > 0.05), DM intake and digestibility of (p > 0.05), and enteric methane emissions (p > 0.05). CHI at a concentration of 1.5 g/kg DM in in vitro experiments had a positive effect on fermentation pattern increasing propionate and reduced methane production. In contrast, in the in vivo studies, there was not a positive effect on rumen fermentation, nor in enteric methane production in crossbred heifers fed a basal ration of tropical grass.

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Methane emissions from lambs fed kikuyu hay alone or mixtured with lotus hay

Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal ◽

10.53588/alpa.291201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Juan Vargas ◽

Martha Lucia Pabon ◽

Juan E. Carulla

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Methane Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Free Access ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Grazing Systems ◽

Kikuyu Grass ◽

Lotus Uliginosus

Dietaryinclusionof containtanninlegumes mayreduce enteric methane emissioninruminants. Toevaluate methane emissions fromsheep fed with a kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) diet partially substitutedwith lotus(Lotus uliginosus), twelve growing lambs, with 23 ± 2 kg average liveweight, were assigned randomly totwo treatments and with three measurement periods in a switchover design. Treatments consisted of 100 %kikuyuhay or 70 %kikuyu hay: 30 %lotus hay and with 6 lambs per treatment. Each of three periods lasted 20 d, where thefirst 15 d were for acclimatization and the last 5 d for measurements. Lambs were placed in metabolic cages and fedonce a day (8 AM) at 90 %of their voluntary feedintake, with free access to drinking water. Feedintake, fecalproductionandfeeddigestibility were determinedat eachperiod. Methane productionwas measuredfor eachtreatment group of 6 lambs using the polytunnel technique. Legume addition reduced total methane production(27.6vs.23.1 g animal1; p < 0.01), methane production per dry matter intake (DMI) (18.8 vs. 12.2 g kg1DMI; p <0.01), methane production per digestible OM(DOM) (36.1vs. 23.4 g kg1DOM; p < 0.01) and methane productionper digestible NDF (DNDF) (43.5vs. 34.0 g kg1DNDF; p < 0.01). In conclusion, lotus inclusion in pasture systemscould be a suitable legume to reduce methane emissions in grazing systems.

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Reducing enteric methane production from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) by garlic oil supplementation in in vitro rumen fermentation system

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04264-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Avijit Dey ◽

Shyam Sundar Paul ◽

Puran Chand Lailer ◽

Satbir Singh Dahiya

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Methane Production ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Acetyl Esterase ◽

Garlic Oil ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

AbstractEnteric methane production contributes significantly to the greenhouse gas emission globally. Although, buffaloes are integral part of livestock production in Asian countries, contributing milk, meat and draft power, the contribution of enteric methane to environmental pollution attracts attention. The present study investigated the efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) oil in reducing enteric methane production from buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) by in vitro rumen fermentation. Garlic oil (GOL) was tested at four concentrations [0 (Control), 33.33 µl (GOL-1), 83.33 µl (GOL-2) and 166.66 µl (GOL-3) per litre of buffered rumen fluid] in 100-ml graduated glass syringes and incubated at 39℃ for 24 h for in vitro rumen fermentation study. Supplementation of GOL-1 increased (p < 0.05) total gas production in comparison with GOL-3; however, it remained comparable (p > 0.05) with control and GOL-2. Graded doses of garlic oil inclusions reduced (p < 0.001) methane concentration (%) in total gas and total methane production (ml/g DM), irrespective of concentrations. The feed degradability, volatile fatty acids and microbial biomass production (MBP) were not affected (p > 0.05) by GOL-1, but these tended to decrease in GOL-2 with marked reduction (p < 0.01) in GOL-3. The decrease (p < 0.01) in NH3–N concentration in fermentation fluid in the presence of garlic oil, irrespective of concentration, suggests reduced deamination by inhibiting rumen proteolytic bacterial population. The activities of ruminal fibrolytic enzymes (CMCase, xylanase, β-glucosidase, acetyl esterase) were not affected by lower dose (GOL-1) of garlic oil; however, reduction (p < 0.05) of these enzymes activity in rumen liquor was evident at higher doses (GOL-2 and GOL-3) of supplementation. This study shows positive impact of garlic oil supplementation at low dose (33.33 µl/l of rumen fluid) in reducing enteric methane production, thereby, abatement of environmental pollution without affecting feed digestibility.

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Effects of quebracho tannin extract on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and methane production in crossbred heifers fed low-quality tropical grass

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-017-1396-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. T. Piñeiro-Vázquez ◽

G. Jiménez-Ferrer ◽

J. A. Alayon-Gamboa ◽

A. J. Chay-Canul ◽

A. J. Ayala-Burgos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Tannin Extract ◽

Quebracho Tannin ◽

Tropical Grass

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Effects of chestnut bark (Castanea spp.) tannin extracts on selectivity, dry matter intake, weight gain, and enteric methane emission from llamas (Lama glama) under grazing conditions in the high Andean grasslands

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106559 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106559

Author(s):

Francisco Enrique Franco Febres ◽

Lucrecia Aguirre Terrazas ◽

Javier Ñaupari Vasquez ◽

Juan Elmer Moscoso Muñoz ◽

Felipe San Martín Howard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Methane Emission ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Lama Glama

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An initial investigation on rumen fermentation pattern and methane emission of sheep offered diets containing urea or nitrate as the nitrogen source

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an11254 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 653 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

L. Li ◽

J. Davis ◽

J. Nolan ◽

R. Hegarty

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Methane Production ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Fermentation Pattern

The effects of dietary nitrate and of urea on rumen fermentation pattern and enteric methane production were investigated using 4-month-old ewe lambs. Ten lambs were allocated into two groups (n = 5) and each group was offered one of two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing either 1.5% urea (T1) or 3% calcium nitrate (T2). Methane production was estimated using open-circuit respiration chambers after 6 weeks of feeding. No difference in nitrogen (N) balance, apparent digestibility of N or microbial N outflow existed between treatments (P > 0.05). Animals offered the T2 diet lost less energy through methane than did those fed the T1 diet (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration, molar proportion of propionate, and the molar ratio of acetate to propionate in rumen fluid were not affected by dietary N source. Compared with urea inclusion, nitrate inclusion caused a significantly higher acetate and lower butyrate percentage in rumen volatile fatty acid. Nitrate supplementation tended to lower methane production by ~7.7 L/day relative to urea supplementation (P = 0.06). Methane yield (L/kg DM intake) was reduced (P < 0.05) by 35.4% when 1.5% urea was replaced by 3% calcium nitrate in the diet. Emission intensity (L methane/kg liveweight gain) was ~17.3% lower in the nitrate-supplemented sheep when compared with urea-fed sheep; however, the reduction was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). This study confirms that the presence of nitrate in the diet inhibits enteric methane production. As no clinical symptoms of nitrite toxicity were observed and sheep receiving nitrate-supplemented diet had similar growth to those consuming urea-supplemented diet, it is concluded that 3% calcium nitrate can replace 1.5% urea as a means of meeting ruminal N requirements and of reducing enteric methane emissions from sheep, provided animals are acclimated to nitrate gradually.

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Effect of Forage:Concentrate Ratios in the diet and Intake Restriction on the Rumen Fermentation and Hormone Profiles of Finishing Beef Steers.

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600026167 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1994 ◽

pp. 69-69

Author(s):

C.L. Thorp ◽

R.W.J. Steen ◽

A.R.G. Wylie ◽

J.D. McEvoy ◽

C. Shaw

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Fat Content ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Reducing Energy

Studies have shown that reducing energy intake by restricting dry matter intake (DMI) at a constant forage: concentrate (F:C) ratio is more effective at increasing carcass lean and reducing carcass fat content than is reducing energy intake by increasing the F:C ratio (1). Research at this Institute has also shown that, per megajoule of digestible energy (DE), diets restricted in this manner are 45 % more efficient at producing carcass lean.The mechanism by which these methods of restriction result in these differences in carcass composition has previously been assumed to be that of rumen fermentation. More recently however, the significance of rumen fermentation in controlling the carcass composition of beef cattle has been questioned (2,3).The aim of this experiment was to examine the effect of decreasing the F:C ratio, at constant DE and DMI, on both rumen and endocrinological parameters, in particular the hormones insulin and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), in finishing beef steers.

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Dry matter intake and rumen fermentation in steers fed untreated grass hay or hay treated with urea, sodium hydroxide or a combination of both

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600018948 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1990 ◽

pp. 114-114

Author(s):

A. P. Moloney ◽

A. V. Flynn

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

High Temperature ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Test Material ◽

Grass Hay

Treatment of poor quality roughages with ammonia or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) has been demonstrated in numerous studies to improve the nutritive value of these materials. Ammonia is usually applied in anhydrous or aqueous forms in stacks at ambient temperature or anhydrous in high temperature ovens (e.g. Mason et al., 1989) while NaOH is usually applied as an aqueous solution either as a spray or by immersion of the test material (e.g. Wanapat et al., 1985). The objective of this study was to determine the effects on composition and subsequent rumen fermentation when low digestibility grass hay was treated with ammonia and/or NaOH by a procedure which might be readily used at farm level.

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Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica ◽

10.1515/sab-2017-0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

M. Joch ◽

V. Kudrna ◽

B. Hučko

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Methane Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Positive Control ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

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Effect of added dietary nitrate and elemental sulfur on wool growth and methane emission of Merino lambs

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an13222 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L. Li ◽

C. I. Silveira ◽

J. V. Nolan ◽

I. R. Godwin ◽

R. A. Leng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Methane Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Methane Yield ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Dietary Nitrate ◽

Wool Growth ◽

Nutrient Utilisation

The effects of dietary nitrate (NO3) and elemental sulfur (S) on nutrient utilisation, productivity, and methane emission of Merino lambs were investigated. Forty-four lambs were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 11) fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. The basal feed was supplemented with 1% urea + 0.18% S (T1), 1.88% NO3 + 0% S (T2), 1.88% NO3 + 0.18% S (T3), or 1.88% NO3 + 0.40% S (T4). Retention of S was improved by increasing the content of elemental S in the NO3-containing diet (P < 0.001), yet the N retention (g/day) by the animal, and the N and S content of wool (%), were not altered by S supplementation (P > 0.05). Dry matter intake, liveweight gain, and feed conversion ratio did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. Replacing urea with NO3 improved the rate of clean wool growth by 37% (P < 0.001, T1 vs T3). Clean wool growth increased by 26% (P < 0.001) when the S content of the NO3-containing diet was increased from 0 to 0.18% (T2 vs T3). Methane production (g/day) and methane yield (g/kg DM intake) were reduced (P < 0.05) by 24% when urea was replaced by NO3 (T1 vs T3). The addition of 0.4% S to a diet containing 1.88% NO3 also reduced methane production (P = 0.021) and methane yield (P = 0.028). In conclusion, the addition of 1.88% NO3 and 0.18% elemental S to a total mixed diet increased clean wool production and reduced methane production. However, there was no evidence of inter-relationships between NO3 and S.

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