scholarly journals Biomechanical-Structural Correlation of Chordae tendineae in Animal Models: A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Justyn Gach ◽  
Izabela Janus ◽  
Agnieszka Mackiewicz ◽  
Tomasz Klekiel ◽  
Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Chordae Tendineae ◽  
Structural Correlation ◽  
Ring Valve

The mitral valve apparatus is a complex structure consisting of the mitral ring, valve leaflets, papillary muscles and chordae tendineae (CT). The latter are mainly responsible for the mechanical functions of the valve. Our study included investigations of the biomechanical and structural properties of CT collected from canine and porcine hearts, as there are no studies about these properties of canine CT. We performed a static uniaxial tensile test on CT samples and a histopathological analysis in order to examine their microstructure. The results were analyzed to clarify whether the changes in mechanical persistence of chordae tendineae are combined with the alterations in their structure. This study offers clinical insight for future research, allowing for an understanding of the process of chordae tendineae rupture that happens during degenerative mitral valve disease—the most common heart disease in dogs.

scholarly journals Clinical and morphological features of malformations of the mitral valve complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Е. Trysvetava ◽  
O. Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Congenital Disorders ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Normal Anatomy ◽  
Chordae Tendineae ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Ring Valve

The mitral valve complex is a multicomponent anatomically and functionally coordinated formation, ensuring the activity of the left ventricle and, in general, the heart. Congenital disorders of the structure, quantity, and form of the mitral complex components can be asymptomatic or cause hemodynamic changes that require surgery. Often, clinical signs of mitral complex abnormalities are manifested as mitral stenosis, regurgitation or its combination and contribute to misdiagnosis. To identify the morphological features of abnormalities by echocardiography, it is necessary to know the possible structure aberrations. The article describes the normal anatomy of the mitral valve complex and abnormalities of the fibrous ring, valve leaflets, papillary muscles and chordae tendineae.

On the Interaction of Natural and Mechanical Heart Valve Leaflets With the Chordae Tendineae

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber R. Mace ◽  
Pavlos P. Vlachos ◽  
Demetri P. Telionis
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Mechanical Heart Valve ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Posterior Leaflet ◽  
Chordae Tendineae ◽  
Atrioventricular Ring

Long before mitral valve replacement (MVR) became a routine operation, physiologic studies indicated that the continuity of mitral leaflets with papillary muscles, chordae tendineae (CT) and the atrioventricular ring may play a decisive role in the function of the left ventricle (LV) [1]. This led Lillehei et al. [2] to establish a procedure whereby the posterior leaflet, its CT and papillary muscles were preserved in MVRs. These and other studies indicated a significant reduction of postoperative mortality compared to conventional MVR. Though developed in the early 1960s by Lillehei, the technique of chordal preservation was not initially accepted. It wasn’t until 1983 that surgeons began to revive the concept of MVR with preservation of the CT. As this technique became more widely known, many clinical studies were performed; however, very few have been conducted which examine the effect of leaflets and CT on flow dynamics.

Mitral Valve Replacement with Preservation of Chordae Tendineae and Papillary Muscles

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehito Miki ◽  
Kenji Kusuhara ◽  
Yuichi Ueda ◽  
Masashi Komeda ◽  
Yutaka Ohkita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Mitral Valve Replacement ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Chordae Tendineae

An Innovative Improvement on Standard Testing Procedure for Biomaterials under Uniaxial Tension

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Fazli Adull Manan ◽  
Jamaluddin Mahmud ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
Nur Hanis Arzami
Keyword(s):  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Test Stage ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Stage 1

Numbers of standard testing procedure are available for quality control to produce reliable test results. Nevertheless, there are always areas for improvement to the existing standards. This paper for the first time introduces and assesses the use of additional marker (pin) as an alternative measuring points. This innovative idea is hoped to improve the standard testing procedure (ASTM Standard D2209-00), which covers the uniaxial tensile test for leather. Initial work includes preparing samples (Dogbone shape) according to standard. The standard testng procedure is carried out twice. The first test (stage 1) was according to the original standard and the second test (Stage 2 modified protocol) includes several initial attempts to attach the marker pins at the optimum location. Adjustments are made to ensure the marker pins attached firmly to the sample material before standard measurement of displacement and strains using the common testile test machine. tension test, generating result (Displacement and Strain). The results for both original and modifies procedure are compared. It is found that the modified procedure reduced the variation in displacement and strain measurement. By comparison, a significant reduction (63.57%) of range difference between modified and original is computed. This proves that the current modification is significant and produce better results than the original procedure, which could be beneficial for future research especially in biomaterials engineering.

scholarly journals Identification of Human Pathological Mitral Chordae Tendineae Using Polarization-sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Eusebio Real ◽  
José Icardo ◽  
Gaspar Fernández-Barreras ◽  
José Revuelta ◽  
Marta Calvo Díez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Property ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Mitral Valve Surgery ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Chordae Tendineae

Defects of the mitral valve complex imply heart malfunction. The chordae tendineae (CTs) are tendinous strands connecting the mitral and tricuspid valve leaflets to the papillary muscles. These CTs are composed of organized, wavy collagen bundles, making them a strongly birefringent material. Disorder of the collagen structure due to different diseases (rheumatic, degenerative) implies the loss or reduction of tissue birefringence able to be characterized with Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT). PS-OCT is used to discriminate healthy from diseased chords, as the latter must be excised and replaced in clinical conventional interventions. PS-OCT allows to quantify birefringence reduction in human CTs affected by degenerative and rheumatic pathologies. This tissue optical property is proposed as a diagnostic marker for the identification of degradation of tendinous chords to guide intraoperative mitral valve surgery.

Mitral regurgitation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Chordae Tendineae

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the reflux of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium as a result of dysfunction of the mitral valve. MR can result from abnormalities of any part of the mitral valve apparatus (valve leaflets, annulus, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles), or dilatation/disease of the left ventricle.

Mitral valve replacement with preservation of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehito Miki ◽  
Kenji Kusuhara ◽  
Yuichi Ueda ◽  
Masashi Komeda ◽  
Yutaka Ohkita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Mitral Valve Replacement ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Chordae Tendineae

scholarly journals Microscopic and ultramicroscopic structure of typical chordae tendineae of the human’s left ventricle bicuspid valve

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1(97)) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Yu. Malyk ◽  
T. Semeniuk ◽  
N. Penteleichuk
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Elastic Layer ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽  
Chordae Tendineae ◽  
Submicroscopic Structure ◽  
The Core

Objective – to determine the features of the micro- and submicroscopic structure of typical chordae tendineae of the mitral valve of the human heart.Materials and methods. This study was made on preparations of 35 human hearts, in particular the chordae tendineae of the bicuspid valves of the left ventricles of children and people of early and middle adulthood using the methods of light and electron microscopy.Results. The study of typical chordae tendineae of the mitral valve leaflets was made using the microscopic method and the method of electron microscopy. The areas where the chordae tendineae diverge from the papillary muscles, the middle third of the chordae tendineae, and the place of attachment of the chordae tendineae to the mitral valve leaflets were studied. Chordae tendineae are covered with endothelium from all sides. A peripheral collagen-elastic layer of loose fibrous connective tissue is localized under the endothelium, along the entire perimeter of the chordae tendineae and it differs in structure in different parts of the chordae at the submicroscopic level. Bundles of densely packed collagen fibers, which are oriented rectilinearly along the chordae, form the core of the chordae tendineae. Bundles of striated cardiac typical muscle cells are localized in areas where the chordae tendineae origin from the papillary muscles. It was found that in the composition of the chordae tendineae of children the cellular component in the fibrous connective tissue predominates during comparing the typical chordae tendineae of different aged people.Conclusions. This morphological study made it possible to obtain new information and to clarify the data that are already known to morphologists on the micro- and submicroscopic structure of typical chordae tendineae of the mitral valve of the human heart. We found that differences in the histological structure are more typical for the areas of origin of typical chordae tendineae from the papillary muscles and areas of their attachment to the leaflets of the mitral valve. The diameter of the core of the chordae tendineae increases and the thickness of the loose peripheral collagen-elastic layer decreases with age. The received data can serve as a theoretical basis for the further comparative morphological and clinical studies of the mitral valve of the human heart. That, in turn, will facilitate to an increasing the level of diagnostic, to improve methods of prevention and treatment of minor heart anomalies, congenital and acquired defects of the valvular apparatus of the heart.

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