scholarly journals Initial Liver Copper Status in Finishing Beef Steers Fed Three Dietary Concentrations of Copper Affects Beta Agonist Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Lipolysis Response, and Muscle Inflammation Markers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2753
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Messersmith ◽  
Mark Branine ◽  
Olivia Genther-Schroeder ◽  
Jodi McGill ◽  
Stephanie Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Quadratic Effects

Ninety-three Angus-crossbred steers (470 ± 35 kg) were assigned to a 3 × 2 factorial to determine the effects of Cu status and beta agonist (BA) on performance, carcass characteristics, lipolytic rate, and muscle inflammation. Factors included Cu supplementation (mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM)) at: 0 (LO), 10 (MED), or 20 (HI) from Cu amino acid complex (Availa Cu; Zinpro) with no BA (NoRAC) or 300 mg·steer−1·day−1 of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC; Optaflexx; Elanco) for final 28 days of 88-day trial. Linear and quadratic effects of Cu status within BA treatment were tested. Pre-BA gain was not affected by Cu supplementation (p ≥ 0.57), although day 53 liver Cu quadratically increased (p = 0.01). Average daily gain and muscle IL-8 gene expression quadratically increased (p ≤ 0.01), with MED having greatest gain and gene expression. Ribeye area tended to quadratically increase with Cu supplementation within RAC (p = 0.08). In vitro basal lipolytic rate tended to quadratically increase with Cu supplementation within RAC (p = 0.11), while stimulated lipolytic rate tended to linearly increase within NoRAC (p = 0.10). These data suggest lipolysis and the BA response of steers are influenced by dietary and liver Cu concentrations.

scholarly journals 401 Effect of zinc source and ractopamine hydrochloride on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed in confinement to harvest

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
John Wagner ◽  
William T Nelson ◽  
Terry Engle ◽  
Jerry Spears ◽  
Jeff Heldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Zinc Source ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Four hundred and thirty-two beef steers (346.3 ± 63.7 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of Zn source on feedlot cattle fed ractopamine hydrochloride. Cattle were blocked in groups of 54 by BW and housed in 48 pens containing 9 steers per pen. Pens within a weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 1) 0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM fed during the final 29 days on feed; and 2) Zn source: 90 mg of supplemental Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4; Zn sulfate (67%) + Zn methionine (33%); and Zn from Zn hydroxychloride, fed through the entire feeding period. Cattle were fed a high concentrate finishing diet for 154 d and slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Average daily gain, DMI, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were determined after slaughter. Zinc source had no impact on live animal performance. Cattle fed ractopamine HCl had greater (P < 0.01) final BW, greater (P < 0.001) ADG, improved (P < 0.001) G:F, heavier (P < 0.01) HCW, and larger (P < 0.05) longissimus muscle compared to non-ractopamine supplemented steers. There was a Zn source by ractopamine interaction (P < 0.01) for dressing percentage. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn hydroxychloride had a greater dressing percentage (P < 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn sulfate had a lesser dressing percentage (P < 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Additional Zn source by ractopamine HCl interactions were not significant. These data indicate that Zn source has minimal impacts on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics when supplemented to cattle receiving 0.0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM.

Impact of Morbidity in Finishing Beef Steers on Feedlot Average Daily Gain, Carcass Characteristics, and Carcass Value

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Waggoner ◽  
C.P. Mathis ◽  
C.A. Löest ◽  
J.E. Sawyer ◽  
F.T. McCollum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Daily Gain

scholarly journals 227 Impact of feeding Aspergillus subspecies (ssp.) blend and different corn processing methods on finishing beef cattle performance and carcass characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Stacia M Hopfauf ◽  
Bradley M Boyd ◽  
Levi J McPhillips ◽  
Galen E Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Corn Processing ◽  
High Moisture Corn

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding Aspergillus ssp. blend in combination with dry-rolled (DRC) or high-moisture corn (HMC) based finishing diets on performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers (n = 320; initial BW = 267 ± 9 kg) were utilized in a generalized randomized block design. Cattle were assigned randomly to pens by initial body weight (BW) and pens were assigned randomly to one of four treatments with 8 pens per treatment for simple effect means. Treatments were set up as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with factors consisting of corn processing and 0 g / steer daily or 10 g / steer daily Aspergillus ssp. blend. There were no significant interactions (P ≥ 0.23) observed between corn processing and Aspergillus ssp. blend in the diet; therefore, only main effects are discussed. For the main effect of Aspergillus ssp. blend; no significant differences were observed for dry-matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F), hot carcass weight (HCW), or carcass traits (P ≥ 0.78). Cattle fed Aspergillus ssp. blend had a greater 12th rib fat (P = 0.05). For the main effect of corn processing, cattle fed DRC had heavier HCW and final BW (P = 0.04), greater ADG (P = 0.05), and greater DMI (P < 0.01). However, steers fed HMC had greater G:F (P < 0.01) compared to DRC. These data suggest that feeding Aspergillus ssp. blend in either with dry-rolled or high moisture corn diets did not significantly improve performance or carcass characteristics in finishing beef steers. While feeding HMC improved feed efficiency compared to DRC, feeding DRC increased ADG (and also DMI) compared to HMC.

Effects of dietary urea concentration on performance and health of receiving cattle and performance and carcass characteristics of finishing cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Duff ◽  
K. J. Malcolm-Callis ◽  
M. L. Galyean ◽  
D. A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Effects of urea concentration for receiving and finishing cattle were examined. In exp.1, 197 newly received beef steers (188 kg) were used, and treatments included 0, 0.5, or 1.0% urea [dry matter (DM) basis] in a 70 or 75% concentrate (steamflaked corn-based) diet. A quadratic response (P < 0.05) was observed for dry matter intake (DMI) of concentrate and total DMI during days 0 to 14 with DMI lower for 0.5% urea. A quadratic (P < 0.10) increase in gain:feed for 0.5% urea was noted during days 15 to 28 and days 0 to 28. Urea concentration did not affect bovine respiratory disease (BRD) morbidity. In exp. 2, 235 yearling beef steers (379 kg) and 126 yearling beef heifers (346 kg) were used to evaluate 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 1.75% urea concentrations in a steam-flaked sorghum grain-based diet. Average daily gain (ADG) (1.44, 1.48, 1.51, 1.47, and 1.43 kg for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 1.75% urea, respectively), DMI (9.4, 9.3, 9.6, 9.4, kg and 9.2 for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 1.75% urea, respectively), and gain:feed (0.153, 0.160, 0.157, 0.157, and 0.157 for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 1.75% urea, respectively) did not differ (P > 0.10) among treatments for the overall experiment. No major differences were noted for carcass characteristics. Optimum level of dietary urea for newly received beef cattle fed 70 to 75% concentrate diets is approximately 0.5% of the DM for maximum feed efficiency and added urea concentrations did not alter performance or carcass characteristics to a great extent with steam-flaked sorghum grain-based finishing diets. Key words: Beef cattle, urea, health, performance, carcass quality

Influence of barley silage:concentrate ratio on rate and efficiency of liveweight gain, diet digestibility and carcass characteristics of beef steers

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hironaka ◽  
B. Freeze ◽  
G. C. Kozub ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Eighty steers were fed diets with eight ratios of 100:0, 75.1:24.9, 58.3:41.7, 34.4:65.6, 18.9:81.1, 8.0–92.0, 3.7:96.3 or 0:100 barley silage:concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. Diets were fed to provide about equal digestible energy (DE) per unit liveweight for 24 wk, then fed to appetite until the steers reached a market weight of about 515 kg. Steers receiving the 100% silage diet were fed for ad libitum intake from week 24 to week 52 (28 wk) and were then fed 100% concentrate diet until they reached market weight. The average daily gain (ADG) of steers fed 100% silage was lower than that of those fed forage and concentrate. Efficiency of DE utilization for liveweight gain increased at a decreasing rate as level of concentrate in the diet increased. Carcass backfat thickness increased with rate of gain. Digestibility of energy, DM, crude protein (CP), and starch exhibited a curvilinear response to increasing levels of concentrate in the diet. The proportion of concentrate in the diet for maximum economic benefit depends on the cost per unit of DE from silage versus that of barley, the efficiency of DE utilization for liveweight gain and time to reach market weight. Key words: Beef cattle, barley, barley silage, forage:concentrate ratio, digestibility

162 Increasing Concentrations of Supplemental Zinc Influence Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Trace Mineral Status of Non-implanted and Implanted Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Messersmith ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Zn Effects

Abstract One hundred twenty-eight Angus-cross steers (492 ± 29 kg) were utilized in a 2 × 4 factorial to determine the effects of dietary Zn within implant strategy on performance, carcass characteristics, and Zn status. Factors included Zn supplemented at 0, 30, 100, or 150 mg/kg dry matter ([DM]; Zn0, Zn30, Zn100, Zn150, respectively) from ZnSO4 and implant administered on d 0 as no implant (NoIMP) or Component TE-200 (TE-200; Elanco, Greenfield, IN). Cattle were stratified by bodyweight (BW) to GrowSafe equipped pens of 5 or 6 steers and assigned to pen-wide treatments (experimental unit of steer; n = 16/treatment). Steers were weighed on d -1, 0, 18, and 59 with blood collected on -1, 18, and 40. Via Proc Mixed of SAS, linear and quadratic effects of Zn within implant treatments and assessment of NoIMP vs. TE-200 were tested for performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma data, with initial value covariates. Plasma Zn concentrations on d 18 and 40 linearly increased within NoIMP and TE-200 (P ≤ 0.03) and were lesser for TE-200 than NoIMP on d 18 (P = 0.001). Zinc linearly increased (P ≤ 0.002) d 18 BW and d 0–18 average daily gain (ADG). Within TE-200, Zn increased dressing percentage (P = 0.01) and tended to increase hot carcass weight (P = 0.09) linearly. Carcass-adjusted final BW and overall ADG tended to increase (P = 0.10) linearly within TE-200, with no Zn effects within NoIMP (P ≥ 0.18). Implanting increased carcass-adjusted final BW 13 kg over NoIMP (P &lt; 0.0001). Overall feed efficiency quadratically increased within NoIMP (P = 0.01) peaking at Zn100 with no observed Zn effects within NoIMP or TE-200 for overall DM intake (P ≥ 0.15). These data suggest implant-induced growth in steers may require dietary Zn above current national recommendations.

scholarly journals Heightened muscle inflammation susceptibility may impair regenerative capacity in aging humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward K. Merritt ◽  
Michael J. Stec ◽  
Anna Thalacker-Mercer ◽  
Samuel T. Windham ◽  
James M. Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Tnf Α

The regenerative response of skeletal muscle to mechanically induced damage is impaired with age. Previous work in our laboratory suggests this may result from higher proinflammatory signaling in aging muscle at rest and/or a greater inflammatory response to damage. We, therefore, assessed skeletal muscle proinflammatory signaling at rest and 24 h after unaccustomed, loaded knee extension contractions that induced modest muscle damage (72% increase in serum creatine kinase) in a cohort of 87 adults across three age groups (AGE40, AGE61, and AGE76). Vastus lateralis muscle gene expression and protein cell signaling of the IL-6 and TNF-α pathways were determined by quantitative PCR and immunoblot analysis. For in vitro studies, cell signaling and fusion capacities were compared among primary myoblasts from young (AGE28) and old (AGE64) donors treated with TNF-α. Muscle expression was higher (1.5- to 2.1-fold) in AGE76 and AGE61 relative to AGE40 for several genes involved in IL-6, TNF-α, and TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis signaling. Indexes of activation for the proinflammatory transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and NF-κB were highest in AGE76. Resistance loading reduced gene expression of IL-6 receptor, muscle RING finger 1, and atrogin-1, and increased TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis receptor expression. Donor myoblasts from AGE64 showed impaired differentiation and fusion in standard media and greater NF-κB activation in response to TNF-α treatment (compared with AGE28). We show for the first time that human aging is associated with muscle inflammation susceptibility (i.e., higher basal state of proinflammatory signaling) that is present in both tissue and isolated myogenic cells and likely contributes to the impaired regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle in the older population.

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