scholarly journals I Wanna Draw Like You: Inter- and Intra-Individual Differences in Orang-Utan Drawings

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3202
Author(s):  
Marie Pelé ◽  
Gwendoline Thomas ◽  
Alaïs Liénard ◽  
Nagi Eguchi ◽  
Masaki Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Zoological Park ◽  
Orang Utan

This study analyses 749 drawings by five female Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) at Tama Zoological Park in Japan. We searched for differences between individuals but also tried to identify possible temporal changes among the drawings of one individual, Molly, who drew almost 1300 drawings from 2006 to 2011. An analysis of the drawings was carried out after collecting quantitative and qualitative variables. Our findings reveal evidence of differences in the drawing style of the five individuals as well as creative changes in Molly’s drawing style throughout her lifetime. Individuals differed in terms of the colours used, the space they filled, and the shapes (fan patterns, circles, or loops) they drew. Molly drew less and less as she grew older, and we found a significant difference between drawings produced in winter, when orang-utans were kept inside and had less activity, and those produced during other seasons. Our results suggest that the drawing behaviour of these five orang-utans is not random and that differences among individuals might reflect differences of styles, states of mind, and motivation to draw.

scholarly journals I Wanna Draw Like You: Inter- and Intra-Individual Differences in Orang-utan Drawings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Pelé ◽  
Gwendoline Thomas ◽  
Alaïs Liénard ◽  
Nagi Eguchi ◽  
Masaki Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Zoological Park ◽  
Orang Utan

This study analyses 749 drawings of five female Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) at Tama Zoological Park in Japan. We searched for differences between individuals but also tried to identify possible temporal changes among the drawings of one individual, Molly, who drew almost 1,300 drawings from 2006 to 2016. An analysis of the drawings was carried out after collecting quantitative and qualitative variables. Our findings reveal evidence of differences in the drawing style of the five individuals as well as creative changes in Molly’s drawing style throughout her lifetime. Individuals differed in terms of the colours used, the space they filled but also the shapes (fan patterns, circles or loops) they drew. Molly drew less and less as she grew older, and we found a significant difference between drawings produced in winter, when orang-utans were kept inside and had less activity, and those produced during other seasons. Our results suggest that the drawing behaviour of these five orang-utans is not random and that differences among individuals might reflect differences of styles, states of mind but also motivation to draw.

scholarly journals Frequency-Following Response (FFR) in Military Pilots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Maria Martins-Moreira ◽  
Alessandra Spada Durante
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Aircraft Accidents ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Right ◽  
Military Pilots

Abstract Introduction Good hearing in pilots, including central auditory skills, is critical for flight safety and the prevention of aircraft accidents. Pure tone audiometry alone may not be enough to assess hearing in the members of this population who, in addition to high noise levels, routinely face speech recognition tasks in non-ideal conditions. Objective To characterize the frequency-following response (FFR) of a group of military pilots compared with a control group. Methods Twenty military pilots in the Study Group and 20 non-pilot military personnel, not exposed to noise in their work, in the Control Group, all with normal hearing, aged between 30 and 40 years old, completed a questionnaire to assess their hearing habits, and their FFRs were measured with a /da/ syllable (duration 40 milliseconds, speed 10.9/s), at 80 dB NA in the right ear. All procedures were approved by the ethical committee of the institution. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-Student or Mann-Whitney tests for quantitative variables, and the Fisher or chi-squared tests for qualitative variables, and a value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results There was no significant difference between the groups regarding auditory habits. In the FFR, wave amplitudes A (p = 0.01) and C (p = 0.04) were significantly lower in the Study Group. Conclusion Working as a military pilot can be a crucial factor in determining an individual's typical FFR pattern, demonstrated in the present study by statistically significant reductions in the amplitudes of the A and C waves.

Association of blood pressure with diabetic retinopathy and its severity in patients of type-II diabetics.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Kanwal Ijaz ◽  
Muhammad Luqman Ali Bahoo ◽  
Beenish Karamat ◽  
Asia Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Type Ii Diabetics ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To identify the association of blood pressure with DR and its severity in type two diabetics. Study Design: Descriptive, Correlational study. Setting: Outpatient Department of Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust Eye Hospital, Lahore. Period: 1st July, 2016 to 30th August, 2016. Materials & Method: After recording of demographic data, 80 type two diabetics of age 45-65 years of both genders were evaluated by consultant ophthalmologist for status and grading of diabetic retinopathy. Blood pressure was recorded with the help of mercury sphygmomanometer. Data were entered and analyzed on SPSS version 22. Qualitative variables were mentioned as percentages. For comparison of quantitative variables, student ”t” test or mann whiten U test as per distribution of data, were applied. For exploring the association between blood pressure and diabetic retinopathy, spearman rho correlation test was employed. Results: Out of total 80 patients, 42 had DR of varying grade. Most of the study participants were females (62.5 %). On comparison between two groups, systolic blood pressure was not significantly different however, diastolic blood pressure had significant difference. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure had significant association with severity of DR in both eyes of the patients with only exception of diastolic blood pressure with severity in left eye, which had non-significant correlation. Conclusion: The study results suggest that, blood pressure should be considered as a contributing factor for development and progression of diabetic retinopathy.

Determination of Salt in Butter

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-521
Author(s):  
Robert W Weik
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Present Official Method ◽  
International Dairy Federation

Abstract The official AOAC, 15.135, and International Dairy Federation (IDF) methods for determining the salt content of butter have been collaboratively studied. Results indicated that there was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) between the method means. A highly significant difference (P &lt; 0.001) was found between laboratory means which reflected individual differences in performing titration procedures and slight deviations from the prescribed procedure. The overall results indicated that the IDF method as studied was as accurate as the longer present official method, and the IDF method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.

Changes in Voice- and Swallowing-Related Symptoms After Thyroidectomy: One-Year Follow-Up Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Min Park ◽  
Kyung Ho Oh ◽  
Jae-Gu Cho ◽  
Seung-Kuk Baek ◽  
Soon-Young Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Objective: We analyzed the changes in voice- and swallowing-related symptoms that occurred over time in patients who underwent thyroidectomy and identified any associated risk factors. Methods: One hundred and three patients who underwent thyroidectomy were enrolled. Results: The mean thyroidectomy voice-related questionnaire (TVQ) score before surgery was 12.41 ± 12.19; it significantly increased to 28.24 ± 18.01 ( P < .001) 1 month postoperatively, decreased to 24.02 ± 17.30 ( P = .014) and 20.66 ± 15.29 ( P = .023) 3 and 6 months postoperatively, respectively. It was continuously decreased to 18.83 ± 14.63 twelve months postoperatively. The temporal changes in TVQ scores between patients who underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy were significantly different. There was a statistically significant difference in the temporal changes in TVQ according to whether neck dissection was performed. The temporal changes in TVQ in patients with and without extrathyroidal extension were significantly different. Conclusions: Voice- and swallowing-related discomfort in patients who received thyroidectomy showed dynamic changes over time. There was a significant difference in the degree of change according to clinicopathological factors. Patients with these risk factors may benefit from appropriate patient education and various rehabilitation programs for symptom relief.

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